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REFERENCEAppendix CC1 Units, Symbols, and PrefixesThroughout Nelson Chemistry 12 and in this reference section, we have attempted to be consistent in the presentationand usage of quantities, units, and their symbols. As far aspossible, the text uses the Système international d’unités (SI).However, some other units have been included because oftheir practical importance, wide usage, or use in specializedfields. In our interpretations and usage, Nelson Chemistry 12has followed the most recent Canadian Metric Practice Guide(CAN/CSA–Z234.1–89), published in 1989 and reaffirmedin 1995 by the Canadian Standards Association.SI Base UnitsQuantitySymbolamount of substanceelectric currentlengthUnit nameSymbolnmoleIampereAmetremL, l, h, d, wmolluminous vinKtimetsecondsNumerical PrefixiesPrefixDefined (Exact) QuantitiesPowerSymboldeca-101da1 mL 1 cm3hecto-102h1 kL 1 m3kilo-103k*1000 kg 1tmega-106M*1 Mg 1tgiga-109G*1 atm 101.325 kPatera-1012T0 C 273.15 Kpeta-1015PSTP 0 C and 101.325 kPaexa-1018ESATP 25 C and 100 kPadeci-10 1dcenti-10 2c*milli-10 3m*10 6Multiplemicro-m*10 91mono–nano-n*bi–, di–pico-10 122p10 153tri–femto-f10 10deca–* commonly usedSome Examples of Prefix Use0.0034 mol 3.4 10 31530 L 1.53 L 1.53 kilolitres or 1.53 kL796 Appendix C103mol 3.4 millimoles or 3.4 mmolCommon MultiplesPrefixNEL

Appendix CC2 Common ChemicalsYou live in a chemical world. As one bumper sticker asks,“What in the world isn’t chemistry?” Every natural and technologically produced substance around you is composed ofCommon namechemicals. Many of these chemicals are used to make yourlife easier or safer, and some of them have life-saving properties. Following is a list of selected common chemicals.Recommended nameFormulaCommon use/sourceacetic acidethanoic acidHC2H3O2(aq); CH3COOH(aq)vinegaracetonepropanone(CH3)2CO(1)nail polish removeracetyleneethyneC2H2(g)cutting/welding torchASA (Aspirin )acetylsalicylic acidHC9H7O4(s); C6H4COOCH3COOH(s)for pain-relief medicationbaking sodasodium hydrogen carbonateNaHCO3(s)leavening agentbattery acidsulfuric acidH2SO4(aq)car batteriesbleachsodium hypochloriteNaClO(s)bleach for clothingbluestonecopper(II) sulfate pentahydrateCuSO4 5 H2O(s)algicide, fungicidebrineaqueous sodium chlorideNaCl(aq)water-softening agentCFCchlorofluorocarbonCxClyFz(l) ; (s)fuel, lead pencilscitric acid2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acidH3C8H5O7(s)C3H4OH(COOH)3(s)in fruit and beveragescarbon dioxidecarbon dioxideCO2(g)dry ice, carbonated beveragesethyleneetheneC2H4(g)for polymerizationethylene glycol1,2-ethanediolC2H4(OH)2(l)radiator refrigerantGlauber’s saltsodium sulfate decahydrateNa2SO4 10 H2O(s)solar heat storageglucoseD-glucose; dextroseC6H12O6(s)in plants and bloodgrain alcoholethanol (ethyl alcohol)C2H5OH(l)beverage alcoholgypsumcalcium sulfate dihydrateCaSO4 2 H2O(s)wallboardlime (quicklime)calcium oxideCaO(s)masonrylimestonecalcium carbonateCaCO3(s)chalk and building materialslye (caustic soda)sodium hydroxideNaOH(s)oven/drain cleanermalachitecopper(II) hydroxide carbonateCu(OH)2 CuCO3(s)copper mineralmethyl hydratemethanol (methyl alcohol)CH3OH(l)gas line antifreezemilk of magnesiamagnesium hydroxideMg(OH)2(s)antacid (for indigestion)MSGmonosodium glutamateNaC5H8NO4(s)flavour enhancermuriatic acidhydrochloric acidHCl(aq)concrete etchingnatural gasmethaneCH4(g)fuelPCBspolychlorinated biphenyls(C6HxCly)2 ; e.g., (C6H4Cl2)2(l)in transformerspotashpotassium chlorideKCl(s)fertilizerroad saltcalcium chloride or sodium chlorideCaCl2(s) or NaCl(s)melts icerotten-egg gashydrogen sulfideH2S(g)in natural gasrubbing alcohol2-propanol (also isopropanol)CH3CHOHCH3(l)for massagesand (silica)silicon dioxideSiO2(s)in glassmakingslaked limecalcium hydroxideCa(OH)2(s)limewatersoda ashsodium carbonateNa2CO3(s)in laundry detergentssugarsucroseC12H22O11(s)sweetenertable saltsodium chlorideNaCl(s)seasoningvitamin Cascorbic acidH2C6H6O6(s)vitamin supplementwashing sodasodium carbonate decahydrateNa2CO3 10 H2O(s)water softenerNELReference 797C

C3 Using VSEPR Theory to Predict Molecular ShapeNote: This is an expansion of the table found on page 245 of the text.Table 1 Using VSEPR Theory to Predict Molecular ShapeGeneral Bondformula* pairsAX2E2LonepairsTotalpairs13Molecular shapeGeometry**Shape diagramExamplesV-shaped(trigonal planar)SnCl2AXXAX5505Xtrigonal bipyramidal(trigonal bipyramidal)XASbCl5XXXAX4E415Xseesaw(trigonal bipyramidal)ASF4XXXAX3E2325XT-shaped(trigonal bipyramidal)XBrF3AXAX2E3235Xlinear(trigonal SF6XXXAX5E516square pyramidal(octahedral)XAXAX4E2426BrF25XXXsquare planar(octahedral)XXXeF4AX* A is the central atom; X is another atom; E is a lone pair of electrons.** Electron-pair arrangement is in parentheses.798 Appendix CNEL

Appendix CC4 Specific Heat CapacitiesSpecific Heat Capacities of Pure SubstancesSubstanceSpecific HeatSubstanceC5 Molar Enthalpiesof CombustionSpecific HeatCapacity*Capacity*(J/(g C))(J/(g C))SubstanceMolar Enthalpy ofCombustion .556ice, H2O(s)2.01Ethanol–1367magnesium1.017water, H2O(l)4.18Propanol–2020mercury0.138steam, H2O(g)2.01Butanol–2676–890C–727*Elements at SATP stateC6 Standard Molar Entropies and Enthalpies of Formation H fS (J/(mol K))Chemical num oxideAl2O3(s)ammoniaNH3(g)ammonium chloride198.8 H fS (kJ/mol)(J/(mol K))Chemical NameFormulacarbon disulfideCS2(l) 89.0—carbon monoxideCO(g) 110.5197.66chloroetheneC2H3Cl(g) 37.3263.9chromium(III) oxideCr2O3(s) 1139.781.2 1675.750.92 45.9192.78NH4Cl(s) 314.494.6ammonium chlorideNH4Cl(aq) 299.7169.9copper(I) oxideCu2O(s) 168.693.1ammonium nitrateNH4NO3(s) 365.6151.08copper(II) oxideCuO(s) 157.342.6barium carbonateBaCO3(s) 1216.3112.1copper(I) sulfideCu2S(s) 79.5120.9barium hydroxideBa(OH)2(s) 944.7107copper(II) sulfideCuS(s) 53.166.5barium oxideBaO(s) 553.5cyclopropaneC3H6(g) 17.8—barium sulfateBaSO4(s) 126.9—benzene 83.8229.172.07 1473.2132.21,2-dichloroethaneC2H4Cl2(l)C6H6(l) 49.0173.4ethaneC2H6(g)bromine (vapour)Br2(g) 30.9245.471,2-ethanediolC2H4(OH)2(l) 454.8163.2butaneC4H10(g) 125.6310.1ethanoic (acetic) acid CH3COOH(l) 432.8159.9calcium carbonateCaCO3(s) 1206.991.7ethanolC2H5OH(l) 235.2161.0calcium chlorideCaCl2(s) 795.8104.6ethanolC2H5OH(g) 235.2282.70calcium hydroxideCa(OH)2(s) 986.183.4ethene (ethylene)C2H4(g) 52.5219.3calcium oxideCaO(s) 634.938.1ethyne (acetylene)C2H2(g) 228.2201.0calcium sulphateCaSO4(s) 1434.1108.4glucoseC6H12O6(s) 1273.1212.1carbon dioxideCO2(g) 393.5213.78NELReference 799

H fS Chemical NameFormula(kJ/mol)(J/(mol K)) Chemical NamehexaneC6H14(l) 198.7296.1pentaneC5H12(l) 173.5262.7hydrazineN2H4(g) 95.4237.11phenylethene (styrene)C6H5CHCH2(l) 103.8237.6hydrazineN2H4(l)50.6121.2phosphorus pentachloride PCl5(g)–443.5364.6hydrogen bromideHBr(g) 36.3198.70phosphorus trichloridePCl3(l) 319.7217.2hydrogen chlorideHCl(g) 92.3186.90phosphorus trichloridePCl3(g) 287.0311.8hydrogen cyanideHCN(g) 135.1201.81potassiumK(s)0.075.90hydrogen iodideHI(g) 26.5206.59potassiumK(l)2.371.46hydrogen peroxideH2O2(l) 187.8109.6potassium chlorateKClO3(s) 397.7hydrogen sulfideH2S(g) 20.6205.81potassium chlorideKCl(s) 436.782.55iodine (vapour)I2(g) 62.4180.79potassium hydroxideKOH(s) 424.878.9iron(III) oxideFe2O3(s) 824.287.40propaneC3H8(g) 104.7270.2iron(II, III) oxideFe3O4(s) 1118.4145.27silicon dioxideSiO2(s) 910.741.46lead(II) oxidePbO(s) 219.066.5silver bromideAgBr(s) 100.4107.11lead(IV) oxidePbO2(s) 277.468.60silver chlorideAgCl(s) 127.096.25magnesium carbonateMgCO3(s) 1095.865.7silver iodideAgI(s)magnesium chlorideMgCl2(s) 641.389.63sodium bromideNaBr(s) 361.1magnesium hydroxideMg(OH)2(s) 924.563.24sodium chlorideNaCl(s) 411.2115.5magnesium oxideMgO(s) 601.626.95sodium hydroxideNaOH(s) 425.664.4manganese(II) oxideMnO(s) 385.259.8sodium iodideNaI(s) 287.898.50manganese(IV) oxideMnO2(s) lfur dioxidemercuryHg(g)61.4174.97mercury(II) oxideHgO(s) 90.8mercury(II) sulfideHgS(s)methanal (formaldehyde) CH2O(g) H fFormulaS (kJ/mol) (J/(mol K)) 61.8143.1115.586.82 2225.5360.2SO2(g) 296.8248.22sulfur trioxide (liquid)SO3(l) 441.0—70.25sulfur trioxide (vapour)SO3(g) 395.7256.77 58.282.4sulfuric acidH2SO4(l) 814.0156.90 108.6218.8tin(II) oxideSnO(s) 280.757.17 74.4186.3tin(IV) oxideSnO2(s) 577.649.04methaneCH4(g)methanoic (formic) acidHCOOH(l) 425.1129.02,2,4-trimethylpentaneC8H18(l) 259.2328.0methanolCH3OH(l) 239.1126.8ureaCO(NH2)2(s) 333.5104.6methylpropaneC4H10(g) 134.2294.6water (liquid)H2O(l) 285.869.95nickel(II) oxideNiO(s) 239.738.00water (vapour)H2O(g) 241.8188.84nitric acidHNO3(l) 174.1155.60zinc oxideZnO(s) 350.543.65nitrogen dioxideNO2(g) 33.2240.1zinc sulfideZnS(s) 206.057.7nitrogen monoxideNO(g) 90.2210.76nitromethaneCH3NO2(l) 113.1171.8octaneC8H18(l) 250.1—ozoneO3(g) 142.7163.2800 Appendix C Standard molar enthalpies (heats) of formation are measuredat SATP (25 C and 100 kPa). The values were obtained fromThe CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 71st Edition. The standard molar enthalpies of elements in their standardstates are defined as zero.NEL

Appendix CC7 Cations and AnionsCommon CationsCommon AnionsIonH NameIonIon ColoursNameIonSolution colourhydrogenH hydrideGroups 1, 2, 17colourlessLi lithiumF fluorideblueNa sodiumCl chloridebromide2 Cr (aq)3 Cr (aq)2 Co (aq)Cu (aq)2 Cu (aq)2 Fe (aq)3 Fe (aq)2 Mn (aq)2 Ni (aq)2–CrO4(aq)2–Cr2O7 (aq)MnO4 (aq)K potassiumBr Cs cesiumI iodideBe2 berylliumO2 oxideMg2 magnesiumS2 sulfideCa2 calciumN3 nitrideBa2 bariumP3 phosphideAl3 aluminumAg silverCommon Polyatomic IonsIonName C2H3O2ClO3 IonCO3ClO22 chlorite*CN Cr2O72 cyanide H2PO4 HCO3HPO42 dihydrogen phosphateCgreenbluepale greenyellow-brownpale pinkgreenyelloworangepurpleIoncarbonateCrO42 chlorate* pinkName2 acetategreenC2O42 FlamechromateLi bright reddichromateNa yellowhydrogen phosphateK violetoxalateCa2 yellow-redperoxideSr2 bright redBa2 yellow-greenCu2 blue (halides)green (others)hydrogen carbonate(bicarbonate)O2HSO4 hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)SiO32 silicateHS hydrogen sulfide (bisulfide)SO42 sulfatehydrogen sulfite (bisulfite)SO32 sulfitePb2 light blue-greythiosulfateZn2 whitish greenHSO3 ClO ,OCl 2 hypochlorite*S2O3OH hydroxideBO3NO2 nitritePO43 NO3 3 boratephosphate5 nitrateP3O10 tripolyphosphateClO4perchlorate*NH4ammoniumMnO4 permanganateH3O hydroniumSCN–2 thiocyanateHg2mercury(I)*There are also corresponding ions containing Br and I instead of Cl.Solubility of Ionic Compounds at SATPAnionsCationsCl , Br , I NELOH S2 mostSO42 CO32 , PO43 , SO32 C2H3O2 NO3 High solubility (aq)0.1 mol/L(at SATP)Group 1, NH4Group 1, NH4mostGroup 1, NH4mostallGroup 2Sr2 , Ba2 , Tl All Group 1 compounds, including acids, and all ammonium compounds are assumed to have high solubility in water.Low Solubility (s)0.1 mol/L(at SATP)Ag , Pb2 , Tl ,Hg22 (Hg ),Cu mostmostAg , Pb2 , Ca2 , mostBa2 , Sr2 , Ra2 Ag noneReference 801

C8 Solubility Product Constants (Ksp)Solubility Product Constants at 25 C NameFormulaKspbarium carbonateBaCO3(s)2.6 10 9barium chromateBaCrO4(s)1.2 10 10barium sulfateBaSO4(s)1.1 10 10calcium carbonateCaCO3(s)5.0 10 9calcium oxalateCaC2O4(s); CaOOCCOO(s)2.3 10 9calcium phosphateCa3(PO4)2(s)2.1 10 33calcium sulfateCaSO4(s)7.1 10–5copper(I) chlorideCuCl(s)1.7 10 7copper(I) iodideCuI(s)1.3 10 12copper(II) iodateCu(IO3)2(s)6.9 10 8copper(II) sulfideCuS(s)6.0 10 37iron(II) hydroxideFe(OH)2(s)4.9 10 17iron(II) sulfideFeS(s)6.0 10 19iron(III) hydroxideFe(OH)3(s)2.6 10 39lead(II) bromidePbBr2(s)6.6 10–6lead(II) chloridePbCl2(s)1.2 10 5lead(II) iodatePb(IO3)2(s)3.7 10 13lead(II) iodidePbI2(s)8.5 10 9lead(II) sulfatePbSO4(s)1.8 10 8magnesium carbonateMgCO3(s)6.8 10 6magnesium fluorideMgF2(s)6.4 10 9magnesium hydroxideMg(OH)2(s)5.6 10 12mercury(I) chlorideHg2Cl2(s)1.5 10 18silver bromateAgBrO3(s)5.3 10 5silver bromideAgBr(s)5.4 10 13silver carbonateAg2CO3(s)8.5 10 12silver chlorideAgCl(s)1.8 10 10silver chromateAg2CrO4(s)1.1 10 12silver iodateAgIO3(s)3.2 10 8silver iodideAgI(s)8.5 10 17strontium carbonateSrCO3(s)5.6 10 10strontium fluorideSrF2(s)4.3 10 9strontium sulfateSrSO4(s)3.4 10 7zinc hydroxideZn(OH)2(s)7.7 10 17zinc sulfideZnS(s)2.0 10 25Values in this table are taken from The CRC Handbook of Chemistry andPhysics, 76th Edition.802 Appendix CNEL

Appendix CC9 Ka and Kb for Common Acids and Weak BasesMonoprotic AcidsNameperchloric acidhydroiodic acidhydrobromic acidhydrochloric acidnitric acidhydronium ioniron(III) ioncitric acidnitrous acidhydrofluoric acidhydrogen cyanatemethanoic acidchromium(III) ionmethyl orangebenzoic acidethanoic (acetic)acidaluminum ionbromothymol bluehypochlorous acidphenolphthaleinhydrocyanic acidammonium ionboric acidphenolhydrogen peroxidewaterhydroxide ionWeak BasesFormulaof AcidHClO4(aq)HI(aq)HBr(aq)HCl(aq)HNO3(aq)H3O (aq)3 Fe(H2O)6 (aq)H3C6H5O7(aq)HNO2(aq)HF(aq)HOCNHCHO2;HCOOH(aq)3 Cr(H2O)6 COOH(aq)3 Al(H2O)6 (aq)HBb(aq)HClO(aq)HPh(aq)HCN(aq) NH4 ula q)NO3–(aq)H20(l)Fe(H2O)5(OH)2 2–(aq)Cr(H2O)5(OH) 2 (aq)–Mo(aq)–C6H5O2(aq)–C2H3O2(aq)2 aq)2–O (aq)EquilibriumConstant, K avery largevery largevery largevery largevery large1.01.5 x 10–37.4 x 10–47.2 x 10–46.6 x 10–43.5 x 10–4NameFormulaEquilibriumConstant, K 9.6 10 44.4 10 44.3 10 47.4 10 51.8 10 59.6 10 76.6 10 91.5 10 94.1 10 101.8 x 10–41.0 x 10–4 10–46.3 x 10–51.8 x 10–59.8 x 10–6 10–72.9 x 10–8 10–106.2 x 10–105.8 x 10–105.8 x 10–101.0 x 10–102.2 x 10–121.0 x 10–14very small Values in this table are taken from Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry, 13th Edition for 25 C.Polyprotic AcidsNameFormulaof AcidFormula ofConjugateBasesulfuric acidoxalic acidsulfurous acid (SO2 H2O)phosphoric acidcarbonic acid (CO2 H2O)hydrosulfuric acidH2SO4(aq)H2C2O4(aq); SO4(aq)–HC2O4 Equilibrium ConstantKa2Ka3very large5.4 x 10–21.3 x 10–27.1 x 10–34.4 x 10–71.1 x 10–71.0 x 10–25.4 x 10–56.2 x 10–86.3 x 10–84.7 x 10–111.3 x 10–134.2 x 10–13 Values in this table are taken from Lange’s Handbook of Chemistry, 13th Edition for 25 C.NELReference 803C

C10 Acids and BasesOxyacidsConcentrated Reagents AcidNameHNO3(aq)nitric acidReagentFormulaMolar massConcentrationConcentration(g/mol)(mol/L)(mass %)HNO2(aq)nitrous acidacetic acidHC2H3O2(aq)60.05H2SO4(aq)sulfuric acidcarbonic acidH2CO3(aq)62.03H2SO3(aq)sulfurous acidformic acidHCOOH(aq)46.03H3PO4(aq)phosphoric acidhydrobromic acidHBr(aq)80.91HC2H3O2(aq)acetic acidhydrochloric acidHCl(aq)36.4612.137.2HClO4(aq)perchloric acidhydrofluoric acidHFl(aq)20.0128.949.0HBrO4(aq)perbromic acidnitric acidHNO3(aq)63.0215.970.4HIO4(aq)periodic acidperchloric acidHClO4(aq)100.4611.770.5HClO3(aq)chloric acidphosphoric acidH3PO4(aq)98.0014.885.5HBrO3(aq)bromic acidsulfurous acidH2SO3(aq)82.08HIO3(aq)iodic acidsulfuric acidH2SO4(aq)98.0818.096.0HClO2(aq)chlorous acidHClO(aq)hypochlorous acidammoniaNH3(aq)17.0414.828.0HBrO(aq)hypobromous acidpotassium hydroxide KOH(aq)56.1111.745.0HIO(aq)hypoiodous acidsodium hydroxide40.0019.450.5HFO(aq)hypofluorous acid Typical concentrations of commercial concentrated 0.736.0Acid–Base IndicatorsCommon NameColour ofHIn(aq)pH range Colour of In (aq)Common nameColour ofHIn(aq)pH rangeColour of In (aq)methyl violetcresol red (acid range)yellow0.0 — 1.6bluep-nitrophenolcolourless5.3 – 7.6yellowred0.2 — 1.8yellowlitmusred6.0 – 8.0bluecresol purple (acid range)red1.2 – 2.8yellowbromothymol blueyellow6.2 – 7.6bluethymol blue (acid range)red1.2 — 2.8yellowneutral redred6.8 – 8.0yellowtropeolin oored1.3 — 3.2yellowphenol redyellow6.4 – 8.0redorange ivred1.4 — 2.8yellowm-nitrophenolcolourless6.4 – 8.8yellowbenzopurpurine-4Bviolet2.2 — 4.2redcresol redyellow7.2 – 8.8red2,6-dinotrophenolcolourless2.4 — 4.0yellowm-cresol purpleyellow7.6 – 9.2purple2,4-dinotrophenolcolourless2.5 — 4.3yellowthymol blueyellow8.0 – 9.6bluemethyl yellowred2.9 — 4.0yellowphenolphthaleincolourless8.0 – 10.0redyellow9.0 – 11.0bluecolourless9.4 – 10.6bluecongo redblue3.0 — 5.0redmethyl orangered3.1 — 4.4yellowthymolphthaleinbromophenol blueyellow3.0 — 4.6blue-violetalizarin yellow ryellow10.0 – 12.0violetbromocresol greenyellow4.0 — 5.6bluetropeolin oyellow11.0 – 13.0orange-brownmethyl redred4.4 — 6.2yellownitraminecolourless10.8 – 13.0orange-brownchlorophenol redyellow5.4 — 6.8redindigo carmineblue11.4 – 13.0yellow1,3,5-trinitrobenzenecolourless12.0 – 14.0orangebromocresol purpleyellow5.2 — 6.8purplebromophenol redyellow5.2 — 6.8red804 Appendix C-naphtholbenzeinNEL

Appendix CC11 Relative Strengths of Oxidizing and Reducing AgentsSOADe c r e a s i n g S t r e n g t h o f Ox i d i zi n g Ag e n t sStrongestOxidizingAgentF2(g) PbO2(s) SO42(aq) 4 H (aq) MnO4 (aq) 8 H(aq) Au3(aq) ClO4 8H(aq)(aq)Cl2(g)2 HNO2(aq) 4 H (aq) Cr2O72(aq) 14 H (aq)O2(g) 4 H (aq)MnO2(s) 4 H (aq) 2 IO3 (aq) 12 H(aq)Br2(l) Hg2(aq)ClO HO(aq)2 (l)Ag (aq) NO3 (aq) 2 H(aq) Fe3(aq)O2(g) 2 H (aq)MnO4 (aq) 2 H2O(l)I2(s)Cu (aq)O2(g) 2 H2O(l) Cu2(aq) 2SO4(aq) 4 H(aq) Sn4(aq) Cu2(aq) S(s) 2 H(aq)AgBr(s)2 H (aq) Pb2(aq) 2Sn(aq)AgI(s) Ni2(aq) Co2(aq)H3PO4(aq) 2 H (l)PbSO4(s)Se(s) 2 H (aq) Cd2(aq) 3Cr(aq) 2Fe(aq)Ag2S(s) Zn2(aq) Te(s) 2 H(aq)2 H2O(l) Cr2(aq) SO42(aq) H2O(l) Al3(aq) 2Mg(aq)Na (aq) Ca2(aq) 2Ba(aq) K(aq)Li (aq)Reducing Agents 2 e 2 e 5 e 3 e 8 e 2 e 4 e 6 e 4 e 2 e 10 e 2 e 2 e 2 e e e e 2 e 3 e 2 e e 4 e 2 e 2 e 2 e e 2 e e 2 e 2 e 2 e e 2 e 2 e 2 e 2 e 2 e 2 e e 2 e 2 e 2 e 2 e 2 e 2 e 2 e 3 e 2 e e 2 e 2 e e e 2 F (aq)PbSO4(s) 2 H2O(l) Mn2(aq) 4 H2O(l)Au(s)Cl (aq) 4 H2O(l)2 Cl (aq)N2O(g) 3 H2O(l) 2 Cr3(aq) 7 H2O(l)2 H2O(l) Mn2(aq) 2 H2O(l)I2(s) 6 H2O(l)2 Br (aq)Hg(l) Cl (aq) 2 OH(aq)Ag(s)NO2(g) H2O(l) Fe2(aq)H2O2(l)MnO2(s) 4 OH (aq)2 I (aq)Cu(s)4 OH (aq)Cu(s)H2SO3(aq) H2O(l) Sn2(aq)Cu (aq)H2S(aq)Ag(s) Br (aq)H2(g)Pb(s)Sn(s)Ag(s) I (aq)Ni(s)Co(s)H3PO3(aq) H2O(l) Pb(s) SO42(aq)H2Se(aq)Cd(s) Cr2(aq)Fe(s) 2 Ag(s) S2(aq)Zn(s)H2Te(aq)H2(g) 2 OH (aq)Cr(s) SO32(aq) 2 OH (aq)Al(s)Mg(s)Na(s)Ca(s)Ba(s)K(s)Li(s)E r (V) 2.87 1.69 1.51 1.50 1.39 1.36 1.30 1.23 1.23 1.22 1.20 1.07 0.85 0.84 0.80 0.80 0.77 0.70 0.60 0.54 0.52 0.40 0.34 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.070.00 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.26 0.28 0.28 0.36 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.44 0.69 0.76 0.79 0.83 0.91 0.93 1.66 2.37 2.71 2.87 2.91 2.93 3.04CDe c r e a s i n g S t r e n g t h o f Re d u c i n g Ag e n t sOxidizing AgentsSRAStrongestReducingAgent All E values are reduction potentials measured relative to the standard hydrogen electrode. E values are measuredusing standard half-cells with both the oxidizing and reducing agents present at SATP using 1.0 mol/L solutions. Values in this table are taken from The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 71st Edition.NELReference 805

In our interpretations and usage, Nelson Chemistry 12 has followed the most recent Canadian Metric Practice Guide (CAN/CSA–Z234.1–89), published in 1989 and reaffirmed in 1995 by the Canadian Standards Association. C1 Units, Symbols, and Prefixes Numerical Prefixies Prefix Power Symbol deca- 101 da hecto- 10 2 h kilo- 103 k* mega- 106 M .

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The Need for Adult High School Programs 1 G.E.D.: The High School Equivalency Alternative 9 An Emerging Alternative: The Adult High School Ciploma 12 Conclusion 23 Appendix A -- Virginia 25 Appendix B -- North Carolina 35 Appendix C -- Texas 42 Appendix 0 -- Kansas 45 Appendix E -- Wyoming 48 Appendix F -- Idaho 56 Appendix G -- New Hampshire .

Appendix 4 . Clarification of MRSA-Specific Antibiotic Therapy . 43 Appendix 5 . MRSA SSI . 44 Appendix 6 . VRE SSI . 62 Appendix 7 . SABSI related to SSI . 74 Appendix 8 . CLABSI – Definition of a Bloodstream Infection . 86 Appendix 9 . CLABSI – Definition of a MBI -related BSI . 89 Appendix 10 . Examples relating to definition of .

Appendix E: DD Form 577 for Appointing a Certifying Officer 57 Appendix F: Sample GPC Appointment Letters 58 Appendix G: Formal Reporting Requirements 66 Appendix H: Semi-Annual Surveillance Report Template 70 Appendix I: GPC Thresholds 73 Appendix J: Glossary – Sections I and II 75 Chapter 1: The Government Purchase Card Program 1-1. Purpose a.

Appendix D: Active Voice vs Passive Voice . Appendix E: Examples, Use of D0000 . Appendix F: Additional Examples for Principles 2-6 . Appendix G: Examples, Use of D8100 . Appendix H: Examples, Lack of Documentation . Appendix I: Examples, DPS Does Not Match Findings . Appendix J: Examples, Repeating Regulations in the DPS

Appendix D, Prescribed Form for Bidder's Profile 35 12. Appendix E, Letter of Authorized Person in Charge 36 13. Appendix F, Undertaking 37 14. Appendix G, Form of Technical Proposal 38 15. Appendix H, Form of Financial Proposal 39 16. Appendix I, Form of Performance Security 40 17. Appendix J, Bank Guarantee for Advance Payment 41