The Cold War Times
The Cold War Times The Newsletter of The Cold War Museum Winter 2020Letter from the Executive DirectorWe’re back! No, not back to normal, any more than any individual, family, or ins tu on in thiscountry and around the world is back to normal, with COVID‐19 in resurgence as I write this.But a good part of the way back, with your help and the help of others who want to keep ColdWar history alive: In‐person visita on to the Museum is gradually returning to normal levels, both with walk‐in visitors and private tours. People with very interes ng Cold War ar facts and stories con nue to approach us, bothwhen visi ng the Museum and via email, to see if we are interested in dona ons of their ar ‐facts and stories to the Museum, and of course we almost always are, since virtually all of ourmany rare and one‐of‐a‐kind ar facts and the personal stories behind them have come to us inthis way. Every one of those allows us to tell new or improved stories at the Museum aboutkey Cold War events and ac vi es, so if you have things like this that you are willing to donate,those ar facts can probably anchor and enliven the history for many people. That includesboth young people who have no personal experience of Cold War days and even Cold War pro‐fessionals whose own experience didn’t allow them to know much about the side of the ColdWar you know. Our Presenta on Series is alive and well in 100% virtual condi ons for now. More detailson that inside, and on how you can stay current on our offerings if these kinds of topics interestyou and you’d like to ask your own ques ons of eyewitnesses to, and other experts on, keyCold War events and ac vi es. We con nue to seek grant opportuni es, many of which have arisen a result of the currentsitua on. More on that inside, including on how you can help us iden fy more possibili es.The Cold War Museum P.O. Box 8615267142 Lineweaver RoadVintVint Hill, VA 20187(540) 341-2008Executive DirectorJason Y. HallJason@coldwar.orgThe Cold War Museum is a 501(c)(3) charitableorganizationGIVE TODAY!Your 2020 gi will makea big difference!Donate now via:Network for Good:h ps://www.networkforgood.org/donate/ We’ve been enhancing our ability to affect people at a distance, both to be more visibleand to increase our distance educa on. Like many other museums and other kinds of educa‐onal ins tu ons, we were forced by physical closure to rethink, and think further about, howwe can a ract people’s a en on to our core subject ma er (Cold War history) and hold thata en on while give them resources to teach the history to themselves, with our help. For ex‐ample: Our new website (h ps://coldwar.org) has a vastly improved look and func onality,thanks to excellent guidance and strong in‐kind financial support from our new web‐hos ngFeaturescompany, DrivePath, which also provides web hos ng for the na onal and local Veterans ofForeign Wars organiza ons among others. The new site supports broader visibility, be erfundraising capacity, AND enhanced direct distance learning opportuni es via the content weexpect to con nue to load on it. We’ll be building it out further in the coming months. Have aDaedalian Program . 5look and tell us what you think if you’d like to comment. Possible designa on by the Na onal Park Service of Vint Hill as a Virginia World War II U‐2s 25th Anniversary . .5Community. More on that inside. That could help us a ract more visitors to the Museum. Possible grants specific to enhancing distance learning capacity.Cont. p. 4From Our Archives .6Cuban Missile Crisis .11
Our Lecture SeriesThe Cold War Museum’s Presenta onSeries, where we present eyewitnesses to,and expert accounts of, key Cold Warevents, has been a key method by whichthe Museum educates about the Cold Warfor our audience (which normally averag‐es about 40‐50 people), a resource forfuture scholars (since we film all of theseevents including the ques on‐and‐answersessions), and a significant source of in‐come for our opera ons. With the sup‐port of Museum Members, we were ableto present following four Presenta onSeries events in 2020 before the COVID‐19pandemic forced the closure of our venue,Old Bust Head Brewery:successes we had. 1/26/20 – Buz Carpenter repeated hisFlying the SR‐71 presenta on, which wehad had originally about two years previ‐ous. This extremely popular event drewmore than 100 people, allowing the Muse‐um to net more than 2,000. 2/9/20 – Greg Nedved and LauraMurray, NSA China Experts and Historians,presented with Ken Allen, former USAFa aché in Beijing during Tiananmen, onTiananmen Square events (30th anniver‐sary) and their rela onship to recent HongKong events. 2/23/20 – Steve Vogel gave highlights 1/12/20 – FBI Historian John Fox sur‐ of his recent book Betrayal in Berlin,veyed Cold War counterintelligence ac vi‐ about the Berlin Tunnel under the Sovietes by the US, including mistakes we Embassy that tapped into Embassy com‐made, with lessons learned, as well asInside this issueOur Lecture Series .2munica ons and how it was betrayedeven before its use by a mole in MI6.At this point the COVID‐19 pandemicforced us to interrupt the series, since ourvenue had to close to the public. At thatpoint we already had five addi onalevents on the schedule for the dates not‐ed below. All had to be postponed. TheMuseum now has its own Zoom Room, forvirtual presenta ons by eyewitnesses to,and other experts on, key Cold War eventsand ac vi es who can now be from any‐where in the world, for an audience thatcan now also be from anywhere in theworld. We’ve resumed a full slate ofPresenta on Series events in the Zoomformat.Cont. p. 6The Cold War TimesThe Newsletter of The Cold War MuseumLe er from the Chairman .3Service Birthdays . .4SAC Alert Facility .4Upcoming Events . .7Private Tours .7Deadline for Spring issue:March 15, 2021To request publication guidelines, please contact the editor:In Memoriam . . . .8Joseph FeliceCarrying the Message .9newsle er‐editor@coldwar.orgAr fact Dona ons . .10Seeking Grants . .10In the News . . .122
Message from the ChairmanChuck WilsonGree ngs Cold War Veterans and friends of The Cold War Museum (CWM)! We hopethat you and yours con nue to be safe and well. As you may know, COVID‐19 has had adisastrous effect to museums across the United States. Late this summer NPR reportedthe results of their survey of museums that about 33% may not survive 2020. Despitethe challenges of COVID‐19, our wonderful museum is fine and will persevere.Challenges do remain. but we con nue to recover and are on the rise! We have reo‐pened our doors to visitors on weekends following the COVID 19 guidelines. We re‐started our Presenta on Series, currently in a virtual mee ng format in the Museum’snew Zoom room, with exci ng speakers such as Ambassador Charlie Ray, who spoke on“Ambassadors and Spies” and the legendary Colonel G.H. “Hork” Dimon (USAF Ret &USNA’52) on the then‐very‐secret “In the Shadows: The Secret, Intense Struggle toMount a Second Berlin Airli in 1961.” Our Presenta on Series o en features the realpeople who performed in the actual Cold War events discussed. We plan to have aCold War Presenta on each month. Our CWM Presenta on Series in the past has beenboth an important way to increase understanding of key Cold War events and a primesource of revenue, and now that we have added a virtual capacity, we can host audi‐ence members and speakers from around the country and the world for the first me.We have also constructed a new Cold War Museum website and launched it thismonth! You can explore a colorful, interac ve, and informa ve site (https://coldwar.org) that includes not only the “Who, What, When, Where, and Why” of ourMuseum but also Cold War News and links to our CWM presenta on series!In the last newsle er, I reported that a developer, Laurel Hill Sports, has plans for ana onal sports facility on 35 acres near Lorton, VA, and has asked The Cold War Muse‐um to establish a presence in the 1950s era NIKE Missile complex there when and ifthey build. We understand that investor revenue is beginning to come into Laurel HillSports with the possibility of project start early next year. Hoping for the best there.Again, A BIG Thank‐You goes to AFA Gabriel Chapter for their con nued support for ourCWM events and with our fundraising! Mark your calendars: December 1st is “GivingTuesday” and a significant fundraising event for us. We will be pu ng out informa onon that soon.As you know, our vision is “To inform the present and influence the future through anunderstanding the past, with exhibi ons of ar facts, documents and events related tothe Cold War Era.” To do that we will need your con nued support. Do visit our won‐derful museum frequently; do a end our Presenta on Series events of Cold War speak‐ers, which you can now do from your home: and do con nue to donate to this worthyendeavor to preserve the history of the Cold War!Thank you so much for all that you do for us!Museum StaffJason Hall, Ph.D., CAEExecu ve Director (Historian)John DePerro, Chief Curator & KeyTour Guide(Army veteran)Bill Rinehart, Collec ons Chief &Chief Exhibit Builder(Air Force veteran)Paul Schaya, Imagery IntelligenceCollec ons/Exhibits(Marine veteran and former CIA im‐agery veteran)John Suter, Imagery IntelligenceCollec ons/Exhibits & MuseumPhotographer(NRO imagery veteran)Gene Eisman, Director ofPublic Rela ons &Cold War Times contributorChris Sturdevant, ChairmanMidwest Chapter of CWM & ColdWar Times contributor(Air Force veteran)Kevin Knapp, Special Events Support(Army Special Forces veteran)[Name withheld], Signals IntelligenceTechnology SpecialistCont. p. 43
Museum Staff cont. from p. 3Stan Manvell, Chief Fabricator(construc on industry)Military Service Birthdays[Name withheld], Chief TechnologyOfficer & Key Tour Guide(Vint Hill Army veteran & formerFBI electronics engineer)Doug Harsha,Civil Defense Expert &Social Media Lead StafferBirgi e Tessier, Registrar/ArchivistBryan Zwanzig, Lead StafferPrivate Tour Arrangements &Presenta on Series staffing(Vint Hill Army veteran)Karen Zwanzig, Cold War TimesLead StafferJohn Welch, CWM Co‐Founder &Vice‐Chair Board of Directors,Membership Records, WebsiteU.S. Air Force73rd BirthdaySeptember 18U.S. Navy245th BirthdayOctober 13U.S. Marine Corps245th BirthdayNovember 10LeƩer from the ExecuƟve Director, cont. from p. 1 Addi onal new exhibits, media coverage, etc. Overall, while there’s no ques onthat the past few months have been challenging for the Museum as I’m guessing they’vebeen for you, your family, and your friends, it’s been, with your help, also a me ofpromise and of progress toward of our goal of eventually being the premier museumsource of informa on on all aspects of Cold War history.Joseph Felice, Cold War TimesEditorClayton Vieg, Imagery (IntelligenceCommunity)SAC Alert FacilityA Week as Pavlov’s Dog: Life on a Strategic Air Command Alert Tour: It’s the last day of this alert tour. For over a hundred Airmen,tomorrow will be change‐ over and we’ll get to leave the alert facility at the end of the runway. We’ve been here for six days; it’sour second me in the last 35 days. Our rou ne is predictable: the first day we come on duty, a end a formal assump on‐of‐ alertbrief, check out our airplane and all our mission paperwork, move into our rooms, and begin the rou ne for the next seven days.Each morning we get up, eat, a end a brief, and head out to run checks on our plane. Today it’s a grey New England day and adamp chill penetrates everything. While the pilot and crew chief walk around the outside, the other crewmembers check out theircrew sta ons to make sure we’re ready to take our aircra out and fly our war me mission.Some days everything is in perfect order and back to the alert facility we go. On others, we stay withthe plane and maintenance comes out to fix our problem. Aircra on alert have the priority for repairs.For the rest of the day there are hearty meals for us fixed by the cooks assigned at the alert facility. Ifyou’re not careful you can gain a lot of weight during an alert tour. Between meals there are groundtraining events for us or squadron addi onal du es to perform. No ma er where you go on base, you’llbe carrying a radio so you can response back to the airplane in your crew’s alert pick‐up. While on alertyou have traffic and parking priority all over the base. There are even special routes to get from wher‐ever you are to return to the plane as quickly as possible. Some mes you’re restrictedCont. p. 104
Daedalian Lunch ProgramA er eight months of virtual Na onal Capital Flight Order of Daedalian presenta ons we went livetoday with a lunch program in Arlington, VA at the Army/Navy Country Club with 35 members andguests, the maximum allowed by their social distancing protocols. Our guest speaker was Gary Pow‐ers Jr., son of Francis Gary Powers. Powers was shot down in a U‐2 spy plane over the Soviet Unionon May 1, 1960 at an al tude of over 70,000 feet! He successfully ejected and was taken prisoner.The movie Bridge of Spies accurately depicts his return to the US via exchange on Glienicke Bridge inBerlin for a Soviet spy we had in custody, and Gary gave an absolutely compelling presenta on!Addi onally, Gary Powers Jr. spoke on the Cold War Museum and the educa on and history itbrings to the na on. Powers is the co‐founder of The Cold War Museum , whose vision is “To inform the present and influence the future through an understanding the past, with exhibiƟons of arƟfacts, documents and events related to the Cold War Era.” Also in a endance were Chuck Wilson,CWM Board of Directors Chairman; and CWM Board Directors Chad Manske (Brig. Gen. USAF Ret.),Buz Carpenter, and Stu Archer. The Daedalians is the na onal order of military pilots that wasfounded by WWI military aviators. Visit the Gary Powers website at h p://garypowers.com.The U-2S: 25th Anniversary of Becoming OperationalThe "Black Cats" achieve another milestone in avia on history. Octo‐ber 20, 1995, Osan AB, South Korea. Twenty Five years ago, "TheBlack Cats," AKA the 5th Reconnaissance Squadron (5RS), took the"new" S‐Model U‐2 Opera onal. "Opera onal" is o en associatedwith a sensi ve reconnaissance and/or war me mission. The ColdWar came to Korea. From 1945‐1950, Korea seemed to become entwined with the power strugglesbetween the Western na ons of Europe and the United States with the then Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (SovietUnion). Kim il‐Sung, veteran of the Soviet Army, became North Korea's first Supreme Leader. Kim il‐Sung led the inva‐sion of South Korea and the Korean War erupted (1950‐53). This was the first military ac on of the Cold War. Contain‐ment of Communism was a prime concern to the U.S. and its allies. The Soviets backed the North; the U.S. and its alliesbacked the South. In 1951, President Truman began peace talks with the North, but a peace agreement did not occur.A cease‐fire was sought, and with the cease‐fire of the Korean War in 1953, a Korean Armis ce was agreed upon. Tech‐nically with the armis ce a state of war con nued and s ll exists. All along, tensions between the North and South con‐nued with (Kim il‐Sung descendants ruling North Korea to this day).In 1995, Eternal Leader Generalissimo Kim Jong‐il (father of current Kim Jong‐un) enhanced his saber‐ra ling and tensions rose.This being their 20th year, the 5RS U‐2 Black Cats were responsible for surveillance and reconnaissance of sensi ve areas in EastAsia and had to stay on watch 24/7. It was me to change to a new model aircra , the U‐2S.Since they were six thousand miles from the 9th Reconnaissance Wing, their suppor ng parent Wing at Beale AFB CA, transi oningto a different aircra was no easy task, especially when a high day‐and night‐ops tempo was required seven days a week. The BlackCats of 5RS, had to train up their maintenance teams, from aircra mechanics to avionics technicians, and their pilots, who now hadto be proficient on both types of aircra , all while maintaining that tough day‐and‐night ops tempo. Security was heightened andsignificant necessary upgrades made to the logis cs and supply chain. Even so, no missions were missed and the 5RS Black Cat mis‐sion effec veness rate was near perfect!Cont. p. 85
Our Lecture SeriesOur Lecture Series, cont. from p. 2 8/30/20 ‐ Ambassador Charles Ray on how Ambassadors work with their sta on chiefs and other intel professionals to pro‐vide accurate informa on at the local level and for State to inform U.S. diplomacy. Rescheduled from 3/29/20. 9/27/20 ‐ Col. Hork Dimon (USAF, ret.) on the prepara ons for a secret second Berlin Airli during the 1961 Berlin Crisis.Rescheduled from 5/17/20. 10/21/20 ‐ Prof. Kevin Riehle of the Na onal Intelligence University on Soviet defectors in WWII and the early Cold War, with afocus on the Cold War and discussion of what they were able to do for us. Zoom presenta on. 11/15/20 ‐ Prof. Volker Benkert of Arizona State University on Youth Behind the Wall: Socializa on of East German Youth Dur‐ing the Cold War. What life was like growing up in the East Bloc. Zoom presenta on.If you think you might want to a end one or more of our forthcoming events, please click on this link to the Events page on ournew website: h ps://coldwar.org/default.asp?pid 16883. Click on the Eventbrite links for the ones that interest you and you’llget details and cke ng informa on.Cold War Times will occasionally provide informa on about aspects of the Cold War that are reflected in the wri en materialsand digital photos in our collec ons. This selec on is about Civil Defense in the Cold War.From Our ArchivesThe Museum has an unusually goodcollec on of Cold War Civil Defensear facts and photos because of a luckyaccident. The DC Civil Defense Head‐quarters was located in Lorton, VA, onthe site of a former Nike missile baseand then Lorton prison. When theydecommissioned, we were sked if wewould like any of their materials whichwas going to be discarded. We obtained all of their wri en records, photographs, office equipment,and even a blueprint of the office layout. While most of this is necessarily in our storage facility, wehave a number of exhibits detailing various aspects of Civil Defense, such as fallout shelters, radia‐on detec on equipment, supplies, and films running con nuously, such as the famous Duck andCover training film aimed at elementary school children. Since the DC Headquarters was probablythe most important Civil Defense facility in the U.S.,it’s not surprising the most important Civil Defensetraining facility was in nearby Olney, MD. Our ar‐chives contain quite a few photos of how that facilitylooked and operated. Here is a selec on of some ofthem.For more informa on about how Civil Defenseworked at the na onal level, you may want to visitthe Wikipedia site on Civil Defense as a star ng point:h ps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United States civil defense.6
Private Tours – An ImportantSource of Museum IncomeUpcoming EventsNOTE: New lectures may be addedfrom me to me. Keep up with uson Facebook!All lectures in the Zoom PresentationSeries start at 2 p.m.ParƟcipants arrive in the Zoom roomonline between 1:30 p.m. and 2:00 p.m.Tickets to all events are available ath ps://www.eventbrite.com/The increasing number of private tours we arrange provides a significant per‐centage of the Museum’s opera ng income, so it’s an important part of ourmany income streams, helping to stabilize our opera ng income from monthto month.As with every other museum in this country and around the world, our abil‐ity to hold such tours was necessarily eliminated for several months byCOVID health concerns, and we are s ll much constrained now that we cando them again, needing to keep to 50% visitor capacity, 100% masks, andsocial distancing at the me I’m wri ng this. Opera ng within those rules,we have s ll been able to go ahead with some tours.Here are s
The Cold War Times The Newsletter of The Cold War Museum Winter 2020 The Cold War Museum P.O. Box 861526 7142 Lineweaver Road Vint Vint Hill, VA 20187 (540) 341-2008 Executive Director Jason Y. Hall Jason@coldwar.org The Cold War Museum is a 501(c)(3) charitable organization Features GIVE TODAY! Your 2020 gi L will make a big difference!
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About the Cold War Museum Founded in 1996 by Francis Gary Powers, Jr. and John C. Welch, the Cold War Museum is dedicated to preserving Cold War history and honoring Cold War Veterans. For more information: Cold War Museum, P.O. Box 178, Fairfax, VA 22030 Ph: 703-273-2381 Cold War Times Sept / Oct 2002: Page 2 On the Cover:
Chính Văn.- Còn đức Thế tôn thì tuệ giác cực kỳ trong sạch 8: hiện hành bất nhị 9, đạt đến vô tướng 10, đứng vào chỗ đứng của các đức Thế tôn 11, thể hiện tính bình đẳng của các Ngài, đến chỗ không còn chướng ngại 12, giáo pháp không thể khuynh đảo, tâm thức không bị cản trở, cái được
Cold War, academic debates on the origins and characteristics of the Cold War have dominated the field of contemporary history. As the Cold War proceeded, the histori-ography of the Cold War developed its own dynamics. In the early phases of the Cold War academic discourse was ideologically partisan, fiercely divergent and even combat- ive. Indeed historians and their works were part of the .
