DOCUMENT RESUME ED 368 563 AUTHOR Lorson, Mark V.

Insert the WEATHER disk to modify and set the calibrationvalues in the file TEMP.CAL.2 by typing:RUN RETURN Later, the outsideand following the instructions.temperature sensor circuit will be located in Junction BoxA in the shutter station while the inside temperaturesensor circuit will be located in Junction Box B.HUMIDISTATThe humidity meter kit (#BHM-16) is constructed asdescribed in MOUSETRAP. The humidistat operates on the PB1switch input line. The humidistat is mounted outside inJunction Box A located in the shutter station.**NOTE--A problem arises with the use of the PB1 inputIf the input is above 2V on the FBIon the Apple Ile.line when the Apple Ile is turned on, the computer goesThis problem caninto and stays in a self-diagnostic mode.be circumvented by using a 45 second on-delay relay on thePB1 line. The on-delay relay controls a 120v relay whichconnects the P81 input to the computer 45 seconds afterstartup avoiding the self-diagnostic mode (see Figure 2).The on-delay relay comes with a resistor (already solderedin place) that provides for a 180 second delay. Thisresistor is replaced with a 1 Megohm resistor giving a 45second delay. The delay relay and the 120v relay aremounted inside the building in Junction Box B while thehumidistat meter will be mounted outside in Junction Box A.**NOTE--If power outages are rare in your area, theon-delay relay and 120v relay are probably not necessary.Remember, however, that the computer will probably notrestart after any power outage (including turning off andon the computer) and the ensuing weather data will be lostuntil you restart your computer with the interface cableremoved from the gameport.Load the the file HUMIDITY on the MOUSETRAP disk tocalibrate the humidity meter. Remove the MOUSETRAP diskand replace it with the WEATHER disk. Normally, theHUMIDITY program uses the PB2 line so a program iine mustbe changed in the HUMIDITY program to allow the computer toThis is accomplished by inserting theread the P81 line.MOUSETRAP disk and typing:LOAD HUMIDITY RETURN 150 PRINT D "BLOAD FREQ.P81,A 8300"510 RETURN

List 150 to make sure the above was entered. RETURN LIST 150Then type: RETURN RUNIIIIISince the humidity meter is to be placed outside,calibration can be accomplished by using the same length ofcable used for the outside temperature probe.If possible,place the humidistat circuit outside and let it equilibratefor 5 to 10 minutes.Run the HUMIDITY program and checkthe humidity reading.If an airport, TV or radio station,or government weather station is nearby call for anaccurate relative humidity reading.(If not, use or builda wet-bulb/dry-bulb hygrometer as described on page 4-7 inMOUSETRAP).If the humidity reading is not accurateenough, the value for C12 in line 260 of the HUMIDITYprogram needs to be changed.If you need lower humidityreadings, increase the value of C12.The simplest way toreach the correct value is to use the "hit and miss" methodIf line 260until the proper humidity reading is reached.needs to be changed first type:LIST 260ifill RETURN Increase or decrease the value of C12 by re-entering theline and then RUN the program. This process is repeateduntil an adequate readibg for the humidity is reached.When the proper value for C12 is found, record it becausethis value needs to be entered into the WEATHER pr:Jgram toInsert the WEATHER diskgive accurate humidity readings.and load the WEATHER program by typing:111LOAD WEATHERLIST 730IfIf RETURN RETURN Note that the variable is no longer called C12 in theYou will nowWEATHER main program but is now called CO.Type:enter %/Our recorded value into the WEATHER program.II730CO xxxes RETURN Your value should have been substituted for xxx.LIST 73011Now type: RETURN and make sure the line has your value entered equal to CO.Now the value is saved into the WEATHER program by typing:il6ilILIPA1111111111111.1111011Mrr"-77

SAVE WEATHER RETURN BAROMETERThe barometer kit (#BAR-DIN) is built as described inA voltage monitor (#BVM-16) is required toCHAOS.interface the barometer with the computer. Instructionsfor building the voltage monitor are described inThe voltage monitor must be calibrated beforeMOUSETRAP.attaching it to the barometer sensor. The barometer sensorThe barometerand its voltage monitor use the PB2 line.outsidein Junction Boxand its voltage monitor are mountedA located in the shutter station.ANEMOMETERThe anemometer provides a linear voltage outputaccording to the manufacturer. This voltage is measured bya second voltage monitor (#BVM-16). The anemometer usesAs mentioned in MOUSETRAP, the PBO line isthe PBO input.slightly different from the PB1 and PB2 lines and theincoming signal needs to be amplified for propersensitivity. This amplifier circuit can be simply addedonto the voltage monitor circuit board and is described inCalibration of the voltageAppendix J in MOUSETRAP.monitor should take place after the amplifier circuit is inBecause the voltage monitor is located on the PBOplace.line, the VOLTAGE MONITOR calibration program needs to bechanged to read this line as noted on page 6-5 ofThe voltage monitor is mounted outside inMOUSETRAP.Junction Box C, close to the anemometer if possible. Usinga voltmeter, determine which line of the anemometer ispositive and negative by gently spinning the anemometer.Mark them for proper attach.ment to the voltage monitor.WIND DIRECTIONThe wind direction is monitored by attaching a windous turn 100K ohm rheostat mountedvane onto a contiThis rheostat is connected in seriesinside 1.5" PVC pipe.with a 30K ohm resistor and fed into the PDL2 line whichIn order to save the life of thecan read the resistance.rheostat, a strain relief was made from a bicycle hub andThe 30K ohm resistormounted onto PVC pipe (see Figure 3).is mounted in Junction Box C.One end of the bicycle hub where the spokes areattached is ground down until the spoke holes are no longerThis is most easily accomplished by using avisible.grinding wheel after first removing the axle and bearings.Be sure to wear safety goggles and hold the hub with a712

locking pliers while grinding it down!!!grinders can be very dangerous.Although simple,A hole is cut into a 1.5" PVC endcap (cutting throughThe hole should bethe side wall) using a scroll saw.large enough so the end of the hub with spoke holes canIn orderrest flatly on the endcap but not fall through.to get the endcap flexible enough to slip the hub through,the PVC endcap was submerged in a cup of water andmicrowaved on high for approximately 2 minutes (time mayAfter the hub is through the endcap, small holesvary).were drilled through eight of the spoke holes and the hubwas secured to the endcap using loops of nichrome wire andThe bearings were lightlytwisting it until tight.greased, and the axle was reassembled so that a maximum ofaxle protrudes outside the top of the endcap while stillallowing free movement.The rheostat case was wrapped with tape until it had asnug fit when inserted inside a six inch length of 1.5"With the rheostat again removed wire leads arePVC.(The leadsconnected onto the outer pins of the rheostat.will need to reach the location of Junction Box C), Ashort piece of flexible rubber tubing is pushed onto therheostat shaft with the other end placed onto the axle atThe rheostat and endcap arethe bottom of the hub.inserted into the 6" length of pipe and glued with PVCBe sure to dry fit the endcap first to assurecement.sufficient free movement of the axle. A can lid ofsufficient size is drilled and mounted onto the top of thehub to serve as a weather protector for the hub bearings.The wind vane was made from a 24 inch length of 3/4"PVC conduit, a piece of 1/8" plexiglas, and a 6" long 1/2"stove bolt (see Figure 4). The stove bolt is used as acounterweight for the front end of the wind vane. A 10"long slot is made into the 3/4" conduit to receive theThree holes are drilled through theplexiglas ,ane.conduit and plexiglas and it is secured with small nuts andA hole is also drilled just in front of thebolts.plexiglas and secured with a nut and bolt to help keep theconduit from splitting from the stress.After heating the front end of the 3/4" conduit gentlyin a burner flame the stove bolt is inserted threads firstwith slight pressure until a tight fit is obtained. Afterthe center of gravity is found, a hole is drilled to fitIf the 3/4" PVCthe wind vane onto the bicycle hub.conduit is too large to fit the axle, it can be ground downslightly using the grinder. Using a 1.5" PVC coupling, the6" PVC pipe (bicycle hub, rheostat, and vane) is mounted8

onto a much longer piece of PVC conduit which will serve asa mast for the wind vane. The 30K ohm resistor is attachedin series on the PDL2 line in Junction Box C.The calibration of the wind vane can be completedprior to its mounting on the roof or wall or afterwards.Since the rheostat is a continuous turn model from OK to100K there is a small area where the resistance is notmeasured before it returns to OK. This area is located byattaching an ohmmeter and spinning the wind vane until thearea is found which fluctuates between zero and 100 K. Thedirection the front tip of the wind vane is pointing shouldbe marked on the 1.5" PVC at this location of 0 ohms. Ifthe wind vane is to be mounted before calibration, makesure this mark is aimed due northeast (per laterinstructions).The computer determines wind direction by reading thevalue of the rheostat. Since eight wind directions areavailable, eight ranges of resistance need to be measured.These ranges can be measured by making an enlargement ofFigure 5 out of cardboard. The hole in the center is sothe 1.5" PVC pipe can slide inside. The lines are spacedFor calibration.22.5 degrees apart around the circle.purposes, you are interested in the heavy black linesnumbered 1-8.Because of a lack of sensitivity, the fluctuationpoint between 0-100K is pointed towards the blackenedcircle on the cardboard calibration aid (northeast). Thisarea was chosen because in the author's area the wind leastoften blows from the northeast.At this point the 30K ohm resistor needs to be addedin series with the rheostat in the wind vane circuit if itThis means the wind vaneis not already in Junction Box C.This isresistance should actually vary from 30K to 130K.done because the Apple Ile gives more accurate readingsIn order toabove 30K for the range we are interested in.determine the computer interpreted resistance readings forthe PDL2 port, type in the following program after loadingBASIC: RETURN RETURN HOME RETURN 10X PDL(2) RETURN 20 VTAB 2:PRINT " RETURN VTAB 2:PRINT X30 RETURN GOTO 1040 RETURN RUNNEW5914

With the mark on the mast pointing towards thedarkened circle on the cardboard calibration aid(northeast) turn the head of the weather vane arrow towards#1 on the aid and record the value written on the screen.Do the same for the remaining points #2-8.These values will be substituted into the WEATHERprogram in program line #48. Each value for #1-8 willcorrespond to the I- value used in the program i.e. 1 isIl, 2 is 12, etc. Place the WEATHER disk in the computerand load the WEATHER program by typing:LOAD WEATHER RETURN LIST 48 RETURN You need to retype program line number 48, setting your ownvalues equal to the I- values.List the line to make sureyou entered it correctly:LIST 48 RETURN SAVE WEATHER RETURN Then:If the calibration of the wind vane was done after itwas mounted on the roof or wall you are finished with thewind vane.If it was calibrated unmounted it is veryimportant that when it is mounted that the mark on the mastbe pointing directly northeast.Otherwise, your previouscalibration efforts will be lost.PRECIPITATIONPrecipitation is measured by using a 0.1" tippingbucket raingauge by RAINWISE. This gauge signals a555-based timing circuit which turns on an infrared-LED forapproximately 10 seconds (for schematic of this circuit seeFigure 6). The infrared-LED signal is read by aphototransistor into the PDL3 line.The infrared-LEDsignal is activated for a time period of 10 seconds inorder to assure that the WEATHER program has adequate timeto respond to the momentary signal of the raingauge. The555-circUit is mounted inside the building in Junction BoxB.PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHERAfter all of the components are tesl:ed they are readyto be mounted in a weather shelter. An adequate weather10,51

collection shelter can be made from four shutters (seeFigure 7) mounted in a grassy, unshaded area at least 20The barometerfeet from a building on a five foot pole.and its voltage monitor, humidistat and its voltagemonitor, and the outside temperature probe are mountedinside the weather shelter in Junction Box A (see Figure8).The barometer, temperature probe and its circuit, andhumidistat can be mounted in Junction Box A in the middleof the shutters. Many small holes are drilled in theJunction Box around the humidistat to allow for airmovement. The barometer should also be open to the air.Likewise, the tip of the temperature probe needs to be outin the air.Cables are rur into the building from theweather shelter to Junction Box B.It is possible to use6-conductor cable and only run one line.The wind direction vane, rain gauge, and anemometerare mounted on the roof or side of the building extendingabove the roof line.It is important to get the anemometerand wind vane high enough to avoid roof effects on the truewind speed and direction. The lines of these devices arerun into Junction Box C (see Figure 9) where the voltagemonitor and 30K resistor are located.Six-conductor cableis again run to Junction Box B.The cables from Junction Boxes A and C are run toJunction Box B (located inside) which contains thecircuitry for the inside temperature probe and thecircuitry for the rain gauge.In Junction Box B, allconnections are also made to the 9-pin interface cable (seeFigure 10) using a (RS4 276-148) circuit board. The cableis then inserted into the gameport on the rear of thecomputer.The weather station is now ready to operate as anentire unit.Insert the WEATHER disk, turn on thecomputer, and begin enjoying the weather!!11

WIND VANERAINGAUGEANEMOMETE RCONTAINS:1) VOLTAGE MONITORSHUTIERJUNC.BOXSTATION2) 30K RESISTORJUNC.BOX eilme4ACONTAINS:1) TEMPERATURE PROBEAND CIRCUIT2) RAINGAUGE CIRCUIT3) CONNECTIONS TOGAMEPORT CABLE4) DELAY RELAY AND120V RELAY (OPTIONAL)CLASSROOMJUNC.BOXf-LICOMPUTERFigure 1.Weather Station.1 7CONTAINS.1) BAROMETER2) VOLTAGE MONITOR3) HUMIDIS TAT4) TEMPERATUREPROBE AND CIRCUIT

DELAYRE LAYPEI LINE FROM HUMIDISTATPB I LINE TO COMPUTERLocated in Junction Box BFigure 2.Delay and 120 volt relay.18mrIunntrtntrorgrarnamismorrro,rao. roe.

CAN LID USED FORCOVERING BEARINGS1.5" PVC CAPBICYCLE HUB'ff'111.5" PVC TUBINGRUBBER TUBINGUSED FOR COUPL NGCONTINUOUSRHEOSTATFigure 3.111111111MMIRMINIIIIIMINMemMner,,,,,,r,-r Wind vane strain relief.

CENTER OFGRAVITYFigure 4.Wind vane.20

4Figure 5.Wind vane calibration aid.rceTLND'ir21tifv

5v1M Ohm10K Olun8RAINGAUGE5555 . 0 luF('-'\ 100270 OhmIR LEDIR PHOTOTRANSISTORPD L(3)Figure 6.555-Timing Circuit.22

N.)COVER HASI " OPENING WITH1" OVERHANGSHU1TERSBOXEDTOGETHERGRAS SFigure 7.Shutter station.23

VOLTAGEMONITOR5 CONDUCTORCABLEFigure 8.Junction Box A.

CND6 CONDUCTORCABLE 5V WINDVANEJUNCTIONBOX CFigure 9.LINES TO THE RAIN GAUGECIRCUITRY IN JUNC. BOX BA-UGEGAIMIJunction Box C.25

INSIDE TEMPPROBECIRCUITNDOND 5V 5VPB2JUNCTIONBOXAPB 1PB 1PDLOPB 2OPTIONALDELAYRELAYPD LlPB 1 5VGNDPB 0131)1.2PD L3GND1PDL3 A- 5V, ,:JRALN GAUGETIMING[2::: 5VPB 07511RAN GAUGESIGNAL LINESCIRCUITRAIN GAUGESWITCH1JUNCTION BOX BFigure LO.Junction Box. B.26JUNCTIONBOX

'ABLE 1.commucIAL stFPLe LIST AND SOURCESINSTRUCTION BOOKSCHAOS IN THE LABORATORYHOW TO BUILD A BETTER MOUSETRAPAMOUNTCOST 25.95 24.95TOTAL 25.95 24.951 10.00 .39 .89 1.59 20.00 .78 1.78 1.59455511 25.00 .39 25.00 .3921 40.00 24.00 40.00 24.00 42.00 24.00 1.50 .39 42.00 24.00 1.50 .394 23.00 3.50 5.95 .39 23.00 3.50 5.95 .394355 42.00 1.19 .29 .39 .39 .39 .79 .49 1.69 .99 1.49 .59 42.00 1.19 .29 .39 .39 .39 .79 .49 1.69 .99 1.49 .596 3.95 12.00 11.85 12.0011TEMPERATURE SENSORSTEWERATURE PROBES(TPP)RESISTORS 220 OHMCAPACITOR 4.7uFJACKS-OPEN CIRCUIT (RS#274-249) (PAIR)WIND VANE SENSORBOURNE RHEOSTAT (#6657S-1-104)RESISTOR 33K OHMWIND SPEED SENSORANEMDME1EHVOLTAGE MONITOR (BVM-16)BAROME1EH SENSORBAROMETER (CBR-DIN)VOLTAGE MONITOR (BVM-16)TRANSISTOR (MSP2907 PNR)RESISTOR 10K OHM22211111HUMIDISTAT SENSORHUMIDITY MEIER (BHM-16)DELAY RELAY (OMNETICS MMS115A1x180)RELAY 120V DPDT (RS#275-217)RESISTOR 1MEG OHM1111RAIN GAUGE SENSCRRAINWISE 0.1" RAIN GAUGE555 IC TIMER CHIPRESISTOR 3.9K OHMRESISTOR 150 OHMRESISTOR 1 MEG OHMRESISTOR 10K OHMCAPACITOR 10 uF (TANTALUM)CAPACITOR 0.01 uF (DISK CERAMIC)IR LED (RS#276-143)(RS#276-145)IR PHOTOTRANSISTORCIRCUIT BOARD (RS#276-159)IC SOCKET111111111111MISCELLANEOUSJUNCTION BOX (R5#270-224)JOYSTICK EXTENSION CABLE (GPE-9)31 339.71SOURCES:1ANEMOMETERV1M TECH DISTRIBUTINGDELTON, MICH. 49046RHEOSTATMARSHALL INDUSTRIES9320 TELSTAR AVEEL MONTE, CA 917313DELAY RELAYHERBACH AND RADEMANle CPNAL STREETPO BOX 122BRISTOL, PA 19007-01224VERNIER SOFTWARE2920 S.W. 89TH STREETPORTLAND, OR 972255RADIO SHACK STORES6RAINWISEPO BOX 44325 FEDERAL ST.BAR HARBOR, MAINE0460927SOURCE445144555555555555554

LISTWEATHER STATIONREMBY MARK V. LORSON,REMREM2-19-93REMREM SET STANDARDSNORMALHIMEM: 32512LOMEM: 27000MA 1:MB 1:MC 1:NA :GG 1:HA 1:HB 1:WA1:LC 1:16 - 1:G7 JB 1Ii 7:12 34:13 60:1410152023253035404548PH.D.1:NB 1:NC 1:PA 1:PB 1:PC 1:PD 1 1:WB 1:KA 1:1KB 1:KC 1:LA 1:LB 100:G8 200:VA 1:VB 1:VC 1:JA 1: 88:15 116:16 142.5:17 167.5:18 194505560657075DIM P(80)DIM MT (27): DIM MT(27)POKE 216,0TEXTHOMED CHR (4)OP D "OPEN":CL D "CLOSE":RD D "READ":WR D "WR:ITE"80 Z "MONTHLYDATA"85 RTIO 1.0090REM100 REMLOAD MACHINE PROGRAMS105PRINT D ;"BLOAD READ.TIME,A 260"110PRINT D ;"BLOAD SYMBOLS,A 6000"115LOAD THE MACHINE LANGUPRINT D ;"BLOAD VIU8000.

DOCUMENT RESUME ED 368 563 SE 054 287 AUTHOR Lorson, Mark V. TITLE A Computerized Weather Station for the Apple Ile. PUB DATE [Aug 93] NOTE 43p. AVAILABLE FROM Mark V. Lorson, Jonathan Alder High School, 6440. Kilbury-Huber Road, Plain City, OH 43026 (author written programs can be obta