Types Of Electric Motors - UAH - Engineering

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Types of Electric MotorsElectric MotorsDC MotorsAC MotorsShunthmotorSeparately ExcitedmotorStepper motorInductionmotorSeries MotorPermanent MagnetDC (PMDC)Compounded motorOther MotorsBrushless DC motorHysteresis motorSynchronousmotorReluctance motorUniversal motor

DC Motors1. Shunt DC motor: The rotor and stator windings are connected in parallel.2. Sparately Excited motor: The rotor and stator are each connected from a different powersupply, this gives another degree of freedom for controlling the motor over the shunt.3. Series motor: the stator and rotor windings are connected in series. Thus the torque isproportional to I2 so it gives the highest torque per current ratio over all other dc motors.It is therefore used in starter motors of cars and elevator motors (p. 563 Chapman, 4e,2005 McGrow Hill).Hill)4. Permanent Magnet (PMDC) motors: The stator is a permanent magnet, so the motor issmaller in size.Disadv: only used for low torque applicationshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushed DC electric motor

DC Motors5. Compouned motor: the stator is connected to the rotor through a compoundof shunt and series windings, if the shunt and series windings add up together,the motor is called comulatively compounded. If they subtract from eachother, then a differentially compounded motor results, which is unsuitable forany application.A: shuntB: seriesC: compoundf field (stator) coilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric motor

Disadvantages of DC motors1. Brush wear: Since they need brushes to connect the rotorwinding. Brush wear occurs, and it increases dramaticallyin low‐pressure environmet. So they cannot be used inartificial hearts. If used on aircraft, the brushes wouldneedd replacementlt afterft one hhour off operation.ti2. Sparks from the brushes may cause explosion if theenvironment contains explosive materials.3. RF noise from the brushes may interfere with nearby t.v.sets, or electronic devices,.etcRef. Chapman p. 674‐675

AC Machines Induction Motor: So called because voltage is induced inthe rotor (thus no need for brushes), but for this to happen,the rotor must rotate at a lower speed than the magneticfield to allow for the existance of an induced voltage.Therefore a new term is needed to describe the inductionmotor: the slip. Synchronous Motor: So called because rotor tries to line upwith the rotating magnetic field in the stator. It has thestator of an induction motor, and the rotor of a dc motor.Squirrel cage Induction MotorSee it on:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction motorNote: Figure is misleading. The number of poles mustbe an even integer of the number of phases usedused.Thus this diagram should have 6 coils, but that wouldprevent one from imagining the rotation.

AC MachinesAccurate representation ofa 6 pole 3‐phase ACinduction ld.png

Synchronous Machines4-17 THREE-PHASE ROTATING FIELDS require three pairs ofwindings 120º120 apart,apart energized by voltages that also have a 120120degree phase displacement.SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS are specifically designed to maintainconstant speedspeed, with the rotor synchronous to the rotating fieldfield.Synchronous motors require modification (such as squirrel-cagewindings) to be self-starting.Text and figures on top half of page 177 101.htmDCAChttp://www.motcointernational.com/sy motors.htmDave Polka Chapter 3 of AC Motors: IEC Ratings

Reluctance motors1.2.3.4.55.6.Reluctance motor: A synchronous‐inductionmotor. The rotor has salient poles and a cageso that it starts like an induction motormotor, andruns like a synchronous motor.Uses soft magnet rotor that is magnetized byppof current in the stator coilsthe applicationThe magnet is spun by a 3 phase AC motorwith no rotor voltageThe gear teeth are designed to increase themagnetic flux driving the rotor whileproviding asymmetry that gives it therotational accelerationPermeability of the rotor provides asignificant increase in inductive powerFull solution of Faraday’s law with time andvelocity dependence.http://wapedia.mobi/en/File:Switched reluctance motor 6‐4.svg

Other motors1.2.3.44.5.Reluctance motor: A synchronous‐inductionmotor. The rotor has salient poles and a cageso that it starts like an induction motor,, andruns like a synchronous motor.Hysteresis motor: hysteresis produces thetorque, can be very tiny, used as the driverfor electric clocks (Chapman,(Chapman p.669).p 669)Stepper motor: a special type of synchronousmotors. Rotates a number of degrees witheach electric pulse.B hlBrushlessDC motor: a closelcousini off apermanent magnet stepper motor withelectronic controllersUniversal motor: If a seried dc motor has alaminated stator frame, it can run effectivelyfrom an ac supply as well as dc, this is theuniversla motor.Brushless DC(actually apulsedl d // l d iki di/ iki di / /6/67/StepperMotor.gif

Quiz Yourself Question: at the same powerpower, Wwhich has ahigher efficiency, the synchronous motor orthe induction motor? Sol: the synchronous motor, because the lackof brushes to connect the rotor of theinduction motor makes its magnetic field runthrough an air gapgap, which has a much higherreluctance.

proportional 2to I so it gives the highest torque per current ratio over all other dc motors. It is therefore used in starter motors of cars and elevator motors (p. 563 Chapman, 4e, 2005 McGrow Hill). 4. Permanent Magnet (PMDC) motors: The stator is a permanent magnet, so the motor is smaller in size.

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