A Review Of Fish Sampling Methods Commonly Used In .
AR-1240A review of fish sampling methods commonlyused in Canadian freshwater habitats.C.B. Portt1, G.A. Coker1, D.L. Ming2, and R.G. Randall31C. Portt and Associates56 Waterloo AvenueGuelph, Ontario N1H 3H52Fisheries and Oceans CanadaOntario Great Lakes Area867 Lakeshore RoadBurlington, Ontario L7R 4A63Fisheries and Oceans CanadaGreat Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences867 Lakeshore RoadBurlington, Ontario L7R 4A62006Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries andAquatic Sciences 2604Fisheries and OceansCanadaPêches et OcéansCanada
Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic SciencesTechnical reports contain scientific and technical information that contributes to existing knowledgebut which is not normally appropriate for primary literature. Technical reports are directed primarilytoward a worldwide audience and have an international distribution. No restriction is placed on subjectmatter and the series reflects the broad interests and policies of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, namely,fisheries and aquatic sciences.Technical reports may be cited as full publications. The correct citation appears above the abstract ofeach report. Each report is abstracted in the data base Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts.Technical reports are produced regionally but are numbered nationally. Requests for individualreports will be filled by the issuing establishment listed on the front cover and title page. Out-of-stockreports will be supplied for a fee by commercial agents.Numbers 1-456 in this series were issued as Technical Reports of the Fisheries Research Board ofCanada. Numbers 457-714 were issued as Department of the Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service,Research and Development Directorate Technical Reports. Numbers 715-924 were issued as Departmentof Fisheries and Environment, Fisheries and Marine Service Technical Reports. The current series namewas changed with report number 925.Rapport technique canadien des sciences halieutiques et aquatiquesLes rapports techniques contiennent des renseignements scientifiques et techniques qui constituentune contribution aux connaissances actuelles, mais qui ne sont pas normalement appropriés pour lapublication dans un journal scientifique. Les rapports techniques sont destinés essentiellement à un publicinternational et ils sont distribués à cet échelon. II n'y a aucune restriction quant au sujet; de fait, la sériereflète la vaste gamme des intérêts et des politiques de Pêches et Océans Canada, c'est-à-dire les scienceshalieutiques et aquatiques.Les rapports techniques peuvent être cités comme des publications à part entière. Le titre exact figureau-dessus du résumé de chaque rapport. Les rapports techniques sont résumés dans la base de donnéesRésumés des sciences aquatiques et halieutiques.Les rapports techniques sont produits à l'échelon régional, mais numérotés à l'échelon national. Lesdemandes de rapports seront satisfaites par l'établissement auteur dont le nom figure sur la couverture et lapage du titre. Les rapports épuisés seront fournis contre rétribution par des agents commerciaux.Les numéros 1 à 456 de cette série ont été publiés à titre de Rapports techniques de l'Office desrecherches sur les pêcheries du Canada. Les numéros 457 à 714 sont parus à titre de Rapports techniquesde la Direction générale de la recherche et du développement, Service des pêches et de la mer, ministère del'Environnement. Les numéros 715 à 924 ont été publiés à titre de Rapports techniques du Service despêches et de la mer, ministère des Pêches et de l'Environnement. Le nom actuel de la série a été établi lorsde la parution du numéro 925.
Canadian Technical Report ofFisheries and Aquatic Sciences 26042006A review of fish sampling methods commonly used in Canadian freshwaterhabitats.byC.B.Portt1, G.A. Coker1, D.L. Ming2, and R.G. Randall3123C. Portt and Associates56 Waterloo AvenueGuelph, OntarioN1H 3H5Fisheries and Oceans CanadaOntario Great Lakes Area867 Lakeshore RoadBurlington, OntarioL7R 4A6Fisheries and Oceans CanadaGreat Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences867 Lakeshore RoadBurlington, OntarioL7R 4A6
Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, 2006.Cat. No.Fs97-6/2604E ISSN 0706-6457Correct citation for this publication:Portt, C.B., G.A. Coker, D.L. Ming, and R.G. Randall. 2006. A review of fish samplingmethods commonly used in Canadian freshwater habitats. Can. Tech. Rep. Fish.Aquat. Sci. 2604 p.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS . iiiABSTRACT. vRÉSUMÉ . vINTRODUCTION. 1TERMINOLOGY DESCRIBING SAMPLING GEAR AND METHODS. 1Catchability, Efficiency, Selectivity and Catch-Per-Unit-Effort . 2FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN DETERMINING WHAT FISH SAMPLINGGEARS AND METHODS TO USE . 2The Sampling Objective . 3Presence/Absence and Species Richness . 3Relative Abundance, Absolute Abundance and Density . 3GEAR REVIEWS . 41. Gill Nets. 4Description and method of use . 4Habitat considerations. 5Selectivity/Efficiency . 6Quantification of Effort. 7Fish Injury/survival. 8Summary . 8References . 82. Beach Seines . 10Description and method of use . 10Habitat considerations. 11Selectivity/Efficiency . 11Quantification of Effort. 13Fish Injury/survival. 13Summary . 13References . 133. Hoop Nets, Fyke Nets and Trap Nets . 14Description and method of use . 14Habitat considerations. 16Selectivity/Efficiency . 16Quantification of Effort. 17iii
Fish Injury/survival. 18Summary . 18References . 184. Electrofishing. 19Description and method of use . 19Habitat considerations. 21Selectivity/Efficiency . 22Quantification of Effort. 25Fish Injury/survival. 26Summary . 27References . 275. Underwater Observation. 31Description and method of use . 31Habitat considerations. 32Selectivity/Efficiency . 33Quantification of Effort. 33Fish Injury/survival. 33Summary . 33References . 346. Gee or Minnow Traps. 35Description and method of use . 35Habitat considerations. 35Selectivity/Efficiency . 36Quantification of Effort. 36Fish Injury/survival. 36Summary . 37References . 377. Enclosure (pop, drop and throw) Traps . 37Description and method of use . 37Habitat considerations. 38Selectivity/Efficiency . 39Quantification of Effort. 40Fish Injury/survival. 40Summary . 40References . 41CONCLUSIONS . 41REFERENCES. 43iv
ABSTRACTThe efficacy of different gears for conducting fish surveys in Canadian freshwaterhabitats is reviewed. Application is limited to shallow water in streams, rivers and littoralhabitats of lakes, and the information is targeted for fish habitat biologists. Sevencommonly used gear types are included in the review: 1) gill nets; 2) beach seines; 3)hoop, fyke and trap nets; 4) electrofishing; 5) underwater observation; 6) Gee or minnowtraps; and 7) enclosure (drop, pop and throw) traps. The literature-based synopsis of eachgear includes a description, method of use, habitat considerations, selectivity andefficiency, quantification of effort, fish injury/survival and a list of references specific toeach gear. The review provides basic guidelines on limitations and efficacy of each geartype to aid in the selection of the appropriate gear depending on the habitat and theobjectives of the survey. Selection of an appropriate gear is based on the objectives ofthe survey, the type of habitat, the efficiency of the gear, manpower requirements andanimal health.RÉSUMÉNous passons en revue l’efficacité de divers engins de pêche pour les relevés surles poissons réalisés dans les habitats dulcicoles au Canada. L’application de ces enginsest limitée aux eaux peu profondes des milieux lotiques et aux habitats littoraux des lacs,et l’information est destinée aux biologistes spécialistes de l’habitat des poissons. Septtypes d’engins couramment employés ont fait l’objet de notre étude : 1) filets maillants;2) sennes de plage; 3) verveux et trappes; 4) pêche électrique; 5) observationsubaquatique; 6) pièges à ménés ou pièges Gee; et 7) pièges clos (calés, dépliants oulancés). Pour chaque engin, le survol de la littérature comporte une description, laméthode d’utilisation, les aspects touchant à l’habitat, la sélectivité et l’efficacité, laquantification de l’effort, la survie des poissons ou les blessures subies, et une liste deréférences pour chaque type d’engin. L’étude donne des directives de base concernant leslimitations et l’efficacité de chaque type d’engin pour aider au choix de l’engin le mieuxadapté selon l’habitat et les objectifs du relevé. Le choix de l’engin est fonction desobjectifs du relevé, du type d’habitat, de l’efficacité de l’engin, de la main-d’œuvrenécessaire et de la santé des poissons.v
INTRODUCTIONEffective management of fisheries resources requires knowledge of the fish populationsand communities to be managed, and knowledge of the relationships between thepopulations and communities and their habitats. Information about fish populations andcommunities is normally acquired through some sort of fish ‘sampling’. This samplingusually involves capturing fish, although it may, in some cases, be acquired by simplyobserving fish in their habitats.Many types of fishing gears have been developed worldwide (von Brandt, 1984),although relatively few of these have been adopted for management and researchpurposes. There has been, and continues to be, research conducted on the efficacy of thesampling methods that have been adopted, as well as on new approaches to sampling.This document provides an overview of the sampling gears/methods that are mostcommonly used in Canada to assess fish populations and communities in wadeablestreams and the littoral zone of lakes. The emphasis is on aspects of the various methodsthat biologists will want to consider when they are designing and conducting projects thatrequire fish sampling and when interpreting sampling data. These include factors thatinfluence the efficiency of various sampling methods and the amount of effort that maybe required in order to address certain research/management questions.Seven fishing gear types that are commonly used for surveys are reviewed separatelybelow. Gear types include 1) gill nets; 2) beach seines; 3) hoop, fyke and trap nets; 4)electrofishing; 5) underwater observation; 6) Gee or minnow traps; and 7) enclosure traps(pop, drop and throw). Each review includes seven sub-sections that provide informationon the characteristics and limitations of each gear type: 1) description and method of use;2) habitat considerations; 3) selectivity/efficiency; 4) quantification of effort; 5) fishinjury/survival; 6) summary and 7) references. Gear selectivity and catch efficiency aredefined and described in the next section.This report is intended to provide information to fish habitat biologists on the efficacy ofdifferent fishing gear for monitoring land-based or in-water activities that potentiallyimpact on fish habitat in streams or at near shore areas of rivers or lakes.TERMINOLOGY DESCRIBING SAMPLING GEAR AND METHODSActive gear, Passive gear and Point or Quadrant samplingFishing gear is often referred to as being either active or passive. Active gear is moved inorder to capture fish. Passive gear is stationary; fish swim into it. An example of activegear is the beach seine, which is pulled through the water and encircles fish in its path.Gill nets are an example of passive gear. Typically, active gear is used to sample fishover a relatively large area during a short period of time, whereas passive gear is used tosample fish at a specific location over a longer period of time. A third approach, referred1
to as point sampling or quadrant sampling, samples fish within a small area at a singlepoint in time.Catchability, Efficiency, Selectivity and Catch-Per-Unit-EffortThere are several key terms that are used to describe the ability of fish sampling gearsand methods to capture or observe fish and the susceptibility of fish to various gears andmethods. Catchability is defined as the proportion of the fish that are available to becaptured that is caught by a defined unit of fishing effort (Ricker, 1975). The catchabilityof fish is equal to the efficiency of the fishing gear. To clarify, if a single pass through asection of stream with an electrofisher is defined as a unit of effort and half of the brooktrout in the section of stream are removed by a pass, then both the catchability of brooktrout and the efficiency of the electrofishing are 0.5 or 50%. Furthermore, assumingequal catchability among individuals, the probability that any individual will be capturedby a defined unit of fishing effort is also equal to the catchability which, in the case of theabove example, is 0.5. The number of fish captured by a particular gear with a particularamount of effort is termed catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE).Efficiency varies among gears, among habitats, among species, and even among sizes ofthe same species. Gears for which efficiency is highly variable among species or sizes offish are termed selective. Gears that capture a wide range of species and
although relatively few of these have been adopted for management and research purposes. There has been, and continues to be, research conducted on the efficacy of the sampling methods that have been adopted, as well as on new approaches to sampling. This document provides an overview of the sampling gears/methods that are most
When I found One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish I was sure I’d found the best learn-to-count book and that it would explain how to count without a grown-up to get you started.7 Here’s how it begins: One fish, two fish, red fish, blue fish. Black fish, blue fish old fish, new fish. This one has a litt
r. Seuss's One fish, two fish, red fish, blue fish is a clas-sic children's story, a simple rhyming book for beginning readers. We need a similar rhyme to help people grasp the problems afflicting Alberta's native fish species. It might read like this: Two fish, one fish, dead fish, no fish, No grayling or goldeye, something's amiss .
Fish noun Fish noun Examples Freshwater fish live in rivers and lakes. Freshwater fish live in rivers and lakes. Saltwater fish live in oceans and seas. Saltwater fish live in oceans and seas. The fish is swimming in the water. The fish is swimming in the water. The fish is looking at the bait. The fish is looking at the bait. freshwater fish .
Sampling, Sampling Methods, Sampling Plans, Sampling Error, Sampling Distributions: Theory and Design of Sample Survey, Census Vs Sample Enumerations, Objectives and Principles of Sampling, Types of Sampling, Sampling and Non-Sampling Errors. UNIT-IV (Total Topics- 7 and Hrs- 10)
Page 1 of 37 2012 HOME ECONOMICS SEC MARKING SCHEME PAPER I 1a. Two other types of fish (2 x 0.5 marks) oily fish, shell fish. b.i. Type of fish which has tough fibres (0.5 mark) oily fish b.ii. Type of fish which is easily digested (0.5 mark) white fish c. Nutritive value of fish
Fish Dichotomous Key Step 1 If fish shape is long and skinny then go to step 2 If fish shape is not long and skinny, then go to step 3 Step 5 If fish has spots, then go to step 6 If fish does not have spots, then go to step 7 Step 2 If fish has pointed fins, it is a trumpet fish If fish has smooth fins, it is a spotted moray eel Step 6
fish, they get bigger and bigger and get more and more mercury in their body. REALLY BIG FISH Catching really big fish may be more fun than catching small fish. But eating really big fish may not be as good for you as small fish. You should only eat really big bass or walleye once a month. You can eat other types of fish or smaller bass or .
eating fish and chips on the beach, how many goldfish they have in their fish tank at home, fish have bones, fish only live in water, some fish can jump and fish are slimy. What a wealth of prior knowledge and understanding about fish these preschoolers already had.
