Syllabus Cambridge IGCSE History 0470

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SyllabusCambridge IGCSE History 0470For examination in June and November 2020, 2021 and 2022.Also available for examination in March 2020, 2021 and 2022 for India only.Version 1

Why choose Cambridge?Cambridge Assessment International Education prepares school students for life, helping them develop an informedcuriosity and a lasting passion for learning. We are part of the University of Cambridge.Our international qualifications are recognised by the world’s best universities and employers, giving students awide range of options in their education and career. As a not-for-profit organisation, we devote our resources todelivering high-quality educational programmes that can unlock learners’ potential.Our programmes and qualifications set the global standard for international education. They are created by subjectexperts, rooted in academic rigour and reflect the latest educational research. They provide a strong platform forlearners to progress from one stage to the next, and are well supported by teaching and learning resources.Our mission is to provide educational benefit through provision of international programmes and qualifications forschool education and to be the world leader in this field. Together with schools, we develop Cambridge learnerswho are confident, responsible, reflective, innovative and engaged – equipped for success in the modern world.Every year, nearly a million Cambridge students from 10 000 schools in 160 countries prepare for their future withan international education from Cambridge International.‘We think the Cambridge curriculum is superb preparation for university.’Christoph Guttentag, Dean of Undergraduate Admissions, Duke University, USAQuality managementOur systems for managing the provision of international qualifications and education programmesfor students aged 5 to 19 are certified as meeting the internationally recognised standard forquality management, ISO 9001:2008. Learn more at www.cambridgeinternational.org/ISO9001Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name ofthe University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.UCLES retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their owninternal use. However, we cannot give permission to centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even forinternal use within a centre.

Contents1 Why choose this syllabus? . 22 Syllabus overview . 5Aims5Content overview6Assessment overview7Assessment objectives83 Subject content .9Core Content: Option A10Core Content: Option B13Depth Studies164 Details of the assessment . 30Paper 1 – Written paper30Paper 2 – Written paper30Component 3 – Coursework31Paper 4 – Alternative to Coursework31Coursework: guidance for centres32Command words375 What else you need to know . 38Before you start38Making entries39After the exam40How students and teachers can use the grades40Grade descriptions40Changes to this syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 202241Changes to this syllabusFor information about changes to this syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022, go to page 41.The latest syllabus is version 1, published September 2017.Any textbooks endorsed to support the syllabus for examination from 2015 are still suitable for use with thissyllabus.

Cambridge IGCSE History 0470 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022.1 Why choose this syllabus?Key benefitsCambridge IGCSE syllabuses are created especially for international students. For over 25 years, we have workedwith schools and teachers worldwide to develop syllabuses that are suitable for different countries, different typesof schools and for learners with a wide range of abilities.Cambridge IGCSE History offers the opportunity to study world history from the nineteenth century to thebeginning of the twenty-first century. It encourages learners to raise questions and to develop and deploy historicalskills, knowledge and understanding in order to provide historical explanations. Learners will explore history from adiversity of perspectives, including social, economical, cultural and political, and are given the opportunity to: develop an interest in and enthusiasm for learning about and understanding the past explore historical concepts such as cause and consequence, change and continuity, and similarity and difference appreciate historical evidence and how to use it gain a greater understanding of international issues and inter-relationships learn how to present clear, logical arguments.Our programmes balance a thorough knowledge and understanding of a subject and help to develop the skillslearners need for their next steps in education or employment.Our approach encourages learners to be:Cambridgelearner‘The strength of Cambridge IGCSE qualifications is internationally recognised and has providedan international pathway for our students to continue their studies around the world.’Gary Tan, Head of Schools and CEO, Raffles International Group of Schools, Indonesia2www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcseBack to contents page

Cambridge IGCSE History 0470 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. Why choose this syllabus?Recognition and progressionThe combination of knowledge and skills in Cambridge IGCSE History gives learners a solid foundation for furtherstudy. Candidates who achieve grades A* to C are well prepared to follow a wide range of courses includingCambridge International AS & A Level History.Cambridge IGCSEs are accepted and valued by leading universities and employers around the world as evidence ofacademic achievement. Many universities require a combination of Cambridge International AS & A Levels andCambridge IGCSEs or equivalent to meet their entry requirements.UK NARIC, the national agency in the UK for the recognition and comparison of international qualifications andskills, has carried out an independent benchmarking study of Cambridge IGCSE and found it to be comparable tothe standard of GCSE in the UK. This means students can be confident that their Cambridge IGCSE qualificationsare accepted as equivalent to UK GCSEs by leading universities worldwide.Learn more at idge IGCSE is one of the most sought-after and recognised qualifications in the world. Itis very popular in Egypt because it provides the perfect preparation for success at advanced levelprogrammes.’Mrs Omnia Kassabgy, Managing Director of British School in Egypt BSEBack to contents pagewww.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse3

Cambridge IGCSE History 0470 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. Why choose this syllabus?Supporting teachersWe provide a wide range of practical resources, detailed guidance, and innovative training and professionaldevelopment so that you can give your learners the best possible preparation for Cambridge IGCSE.Teaching resourcesExam preparation resources School Support Hubwww.cambridgeinternational.org/support Question papers Syllabus Scheme of work Example candidate responses to understandwhat examiners are looking for at key grades Learner guide Examiner reports to improve future teaching Mark schemes Discussion forum Resource list Endorsed textbooks and digital resourcesTraining Face-to-face workshops around the world Online self-study training Online tutor-led training Cambridge Professional al.org/igcseSupport forCambridgeIGCSECommunityYou can find useful information, as well asshare your ideas and experiences with otherteachers, on our social media channels andcommunity forums.Find out more atwww.cambridgeinternational.org/social-mediaBack to contents page

Cambridge IGCSE History 0470 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022.2 Syllabus overviewAimsThe aims describe the purposes of a course based on this syllabus.The aims are to: stimulate an interest in and enthusiasm for learning about the past promote the acquisition of knowledge and understanding of individuals, people and societies in the past ensure that learners’ knowledge is rooted in an understanding of the nature and use of historical evidence promote an understanding of key historical concepts: cause and consequence, change and continuity, andsimilarity and difference provide a sound basis for further study and the pursuit of personal interest encourage international understanding encourage the development of historical skills, including investigation, analysis, evaluation and communicationskills.Back to contents pagewww.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse5

Cambridge IGCSE History 0470 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. Syllabus overviewContent overviewAll candidates study all the Core Content in either:Option AThe nineteenth century: the development of modern nation states, 1848–1914The content focuses on the following Key Questions: Were the Revolutions of 1848 important? How was Italy unified? How was Germany unified? Why was there a civil war in the United States and what were its results? Why, and with what effects, did Europeans expand their overseas empires in the nineteenth century? What caused the First World War?or:Option BThe twentieth century: international relations since 1919The content focuses on the following Key Questions: Were the peace treaties of 1919–23 fair? To what extent was the League of Nations a success? Why had international peace collapsed by 1939? Who was to blame for the Cold War? How effectively did the United States contain the spread of Communism? How secure was the USSR’s control over Eastern Europe, 1948–c.1989? Why did events in the Gulf matter, c.1970–2000?In addition, all candidates must also study at least one of the following Depth Studies: The First World War, 1914–18 Germany, 1918–45 Russia, 1905–41 The United States, 1919–41 China, c.1930–c.1990 South Africa, c.1940–c.1994 Israelis and Palestinians since 1945Support for Cambridge IGCSE HistoryOur School Support Hub www.cambridgeinternational.org/support provides Cambridge schools with asecure site for downloading specimen and past question papers, mark schemes, grade thresholds and othercurriculum resources specific to this syllabus. The School Support Hub community offers teachers theopportunity to connect with each other and to ask questions related to the syllabus.6www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcseBack to contents page

Cambridge IGCSE History 0470 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. Syllabus overviewAssessment overviewAll candidates take three components. All candidates take Paper 1 and Paper 2, and choose either Component 3 orPaper 4.All candidates take:Paper 1Written paperand:2 hours40%Paper 2Written paper2 hours33%60 marks50 marksCandidates answer two questions fromSection A (Core Content) and one questionfrom Section B (Depth Studies)Candidates answer six questions on oneprescribed topic taken from the Core Content.There is a range of source material relating toeach prescribed topic. The prescribed topicchanges in each examination session – seeSection 4All questions are in the form of structuredessays, split into three parts: (a), (b) and (c)Externally assessedExternally assessedAll candidates take either:Component 3Courseworkor:27%40 marksCandidates produce one piece of extendedwriting based on a Depth Study from thesyllabus or a Depth Study devised by theCentrePaper 4Alternative to Coursework –Written paper1 hour27%40 marksCandidates answer one question on a DepthStudyExternally assessedInternally assessed/externally moderatedBack to contents pagewww.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse7

Cambridge IGCSE History 0470 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. Syllabus overviewAssessment objectivesThe assessment objectives (AOs) are:AO1  An ability to recall, select, organise and deploy knowledge of the syllabuscontent.AO2 An ability to construct historical explanations using an understanding of: cause and consequence, change and continuity, similarity and difference the motives, emotions, intentions and beliefs of people in the past.AO3  An ability to understand, interpret, evaluate and use a range of sources asevidence, in their historical context.Weighting for assessment objectivesThe approximate weightings allocated to each of the assessment objectives (AOs) are summarised below.Assessment objectives as a percentage of the qualificationAssessment objectiveWeighting in IGCSE %AO130AO243AO327Assessment objectives as a percentage of each componentAssessment objective8Weighting in components %Paper 1Paper 2Component 3and Paper ional.org/igcseBack to contents page

Cambridge IGCSE History 0470 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022.3 Subject contentAll candidates study all the Core Content in either:Option A The nineteenth century: the development of modern nation states, 1848–1914orOption B The twentieth century: international relations since 1919In addition, all candidates must also study at least one of the Depth Studies.The Core Content is structured by Key Questions and Focus Points. The Focus Points provide guidance on whatis involved in addressing each Key Question. There are times when a Focus Point is used to set the scene for a KeyQuestion, but without apparently bearing on the Key Question itself. This helps to indicate what is required for theKey Question itself to be addressed adequately.Candidates will be expected to demonstrate an understanding of the Key Questions and Focus Points, usingknowledge of relevant historical examples.The following description of content is not intended to be rigidly prescriptive of a school course.Back to contents pagewww.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse9

Cambridge IGCSE History 0470 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. Subject contentCore Content: Option AThe nineteenth century: the development of modern nation states, 1848–1914The Core Content in Option A focuses on six Key Questions:1Were the Revolutions of 1848 important?2How was Italy unified?3How was Germany unified?4Why was there a civil war in the United States and what were its results?5Why, and with what effects, did Europeans expand their overseas empires in the nineteenth century?6What caused the First World War?1Were the Revolutions of 1848 important?Focus PointsSpecified Content Why were there so many revolutions in 1848? The nature of revolutions in 1848, and theinfluence of liberalism and nationalism Did the revolutions have anything in common? Why did most of the revolutions fail? Did the revolutions change anything?2 Reasons for the failure of the revolutionsHow was Italy unified?Focus PointsSpecified Content Why was Italy not unified in 1848–49? Austrian influence over Italy How important was Garibaldi’s contribution tounifying Italy? Italian nationalism and the role of Mazzini Did Cavour help or hinder the unification ofItaly? Victor Emmanuel II and Cavour: Plombières, warwith Austria in 1859 How important for other European countrieswere moves towards Italian unification?10 Causes and events of revolutions in France, Italy,Germany and the Austrian Empirewww.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse Events of 1848–49 Garibaldi and the invasion of Sicily and Naples The creation of the Kingdom of Italy, completionof unification by 1870Back to contents page

Cambridge IGCSE History 0470 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. Subject content3How was Germany unified?Focus PointsSpecified Content Why was Germany not unified in 1848–50? German nationalism How did Bismarck bring about Austria’s defeat of1866? The Zollverein How did Bismarck bring about France’s defeat of1870? The setting up and eventual failure of theFrankfurt Parliament How far was Bismarck responsible for theunification of Germany? The 1848 revolution in Prussia Re-establishment of Austrian influence inGermany by 1850 Bismarck as Prussian Minister–President Bismarck’s foreign policy to 1871:–– Schleswig-Holstein–– the Austro–Prussian War and itsconsequences–– relations with France–– the Spanish Succession and the Franco–Prussian War–– the creation of the German empire4Why was there a civil war in the United States and what were its results?Focus PointsSpecified Content How far did slavery cause the Civil War? Causes and consequences of the American CivilWar, 1820–77: What was the significance of Lincoln’s election aspresident? Why was the North able to win the war? Did the war change anything?–– differences between North and South–– slavery, slave states and free statesabolitionism–– the 1860 election and secession of theSouthern states–– reasons for the North’s victory–– the role of Lincoln–– reconstruction–– how successful was reconstruction?Back to contents pagewww.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse11

Cambridge IGCSE History 0470 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. Subject content5 Why, and with what effects, did Europeans expand their overseas empires in the nineteenth century?Focus PointsSpecified Content What were the motives behind Europeanimperialism? Reasons for imperialism: economic, military,geopolitical, religious and cultural motives How varied were the impacts of Europeanimperialism on Africans? E uropeans in Africa: case studies of French,British and Belgian imperialism, and their impactson Africans: Why, and with what effects, did Indians resistBritish rule? Why, and with what effects, did the Chineseresist European influence?–– the French model of assimilation and directrule; Faidherbe and Senegal–– the British model of indirect rule; Lugard andNigeria–– the Belgians and private imperialism; Leopold IIand the Congo The British in India: the Mutiny, and changes itbrought to British rule Europeans and China: the Opium Wars, the BoxerRising and their results6What caused the First World War?Focus PointsSpecified Content Did the Alliance System make war more likely orless likely? The origins of the First World War,1890–1914: How far did colonial problems create tensionsbetween the Great Powers?–– the Alliance System Why were problems in the Balkans so difficult forthe Great Powers to solve?–– colonial rivalries How did the assassination of Franz Ferdinandlead to war?12www.cambridgeinternational.org/igcse–– the arms race–– developments in the Balkans–– the crisis of June–July 1914 and the outbreakof warBack to contents page

Cambridge IGCSE History 0470 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. Subject contentCore Content: Option BThe twentieth century: international relations since 1919The Core Content in Option B focuses on seven Key Questions:1Were the peace treaties of 1919–23 fair?2To what extent was the League of Nations a success?3Why had international peace collapsed by 1939?4Who was to blame for the Cold War?5How effectively did the United States contain the spread of Communism?6How secure was the USSR’s control over Eastern Europe, 1948–c.1989?7Why did events in the Gulf matter, c.1970–2000?1Were the peace treaties of 1919–23 fair?Focus PointsSpecified Content What were the motives and aims of the Big Threeat Versailles? The peace treaties of 1919–23: Why did all the victors not get everything theywanted?–– t he roles of individuals such as Wilson,Clemenceau and Lloyd George in thepeacemaking process What was the impact of the peace treaty onGerma

Cambridge IGCSE History 0470 syllabus for 2020, 2021 and 2022. Syllabus overview Back to contents page www.cambridgeinternational.orgigcse 7 Assessment overview All candidates take three components. All candidates take Paper 1 and Paper 2, and choose either Component 3 or Paper 4. All candidates take: and: Paper 1 2 hours Written paper 40% 60 marks

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