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NameDateClass Guided Reading Activity 25-1DIRECTIONS: Filling in the Blanks Use your textbook to fill in the blanks using thewords in the box. Use another sheet of paper if necessary.Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC)October 29stock exchangeGreat Depression16 million sharesborrowed moneyOctober 21Bonus Armypublic worksOctober 24one-thirdon marginautomobileFarmforeignrailroad25 percentThe Stock MarketA (1)is an organized system for buying and selling shares in corporations.(2). Stock prices began to fall in September 1929 and declined steadily until(3). Panicked sellers sold almost 13 million shares on Black Thursday,(4). On Tuesday, (5), the crisis worsened. By the end of the day,had changed hands, and stock prices had plummeted.SECTIONmore than (6)25-1Many investors lacked the money to continue purchasing stock, so they boughtThe Great DepressionDuring the next two years the United States slid into a severe economic crisiscalled the (7). The stock market crash was not the only cause. (8)income shrank throughout the decade. The textile, lumber, mining, and (9)industries also declined. The (10)and construction industries suffered fromCopyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.lagging orders. As a result, employers cut wages and laid off workers. In 1929 lessthan 1 percent of the population owned nearly (11)(12)of the country’s wealth.fueled much of the economy in the 1920s. Many small banks sufferedwhen farmers defaulted on their loans. American economic weakness also weakened(13)economies. By 1932, (14)of American workers were out of work.Hoover and the CrisisIn 1931 President Herbert Hoover authorized additional federal spending on(15). In 1932, Congress created the (16)When the (17)to lend money to businesses.marched on Washington in the summer of 1932 to demandthe money promised to them, Hoover responded by calling in the army.61

Name DateClassEnrichment Activity 25-1 The Economyin 1931? Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.In 1937? 2. By about how much did farm foreclosures drop between 1933 and 1935? 3. In the same year that about 8 millionpeople were unemployed, what was thenumber of farm foreclosures and defaults? Number of People (in millions)141210864201929 1931 1933 1935 1937Year25-1SOURCE: Historical Statistics of the United States.Farm Foreclosures andDefaults, 1929–1937SECTIONDIRECTIONS: Interpreting Line GraphsUse the line graphs to answer thefollowing questions.1. How many people were not employedUnemployment, 1929–1937Number of Farms (in thousands)In the 1920s confidence in the Americaneconomy was at an all-time high. During theRoaring Twenties, people invested in thestock market at a dizzying speed, sometimesinvesting their whole life savings. Then, inOctober 1929, the United States’s golden eraof prosperity came to a disastrous halt whenthe stock market crashed. Investors lost billions as the value of stocks plummeted. Forthe next two years, the economic declinecontinued as the country slid into the eraknown as the Great Depression.60504030201001929 1931 1933 1935 1937YearSOURCE: Agricultural Statistics, 1941. U.S. Departmentof Agriculture.4. How many more people were unemployed in 1937 than in 1929? 5. Based on the graphs, what was the worst year of the Great Depression? 6. Which years showed the sharpest rise in unemployment? In farm foreclosures and defaults? DIRECTIONS: Making a Graph Choose one area of the economyfrom a recent 10-year time period. Draw a line graph to show thechanges that occurred during this period. Then create two or three questions toaccompany your graph and exchange graphs and questions with a partner.69

NameDateClass Guided Reading Activity 25-2DIRECTIONS: Recalling the Facts Use the information in your textbook to answer thequestions. Use another sheet of paper if necessary.1. When did Franklin D. Roosevelt’s political career begin? 2. As governor of New York, whose advice did FDR draw on to developrelief programs for the state? 3. What condition was the nation’s banking system in when Roosevelt becamepresident in 1933? 4. When did Roosevelt say that “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”? 5. What did Roosevelt do two days after his inauguration? 6. What were Roosevelt’s informal radio talks to the nation called? SECTION7. What came to be called the Hundred Days? 25-28. What areas did the New Deal laws affect? 9. How many people did the Civilian Conservation Corps employ over 10 years? 10. Whom did Roosevelt appoint to head the Federal Emergency ReliefAdministration? Tennessee River? 13. What programs did the NIRA create? 14. What did Congress establish to insure bank deposits? 15. What did Congress set up to enforce the law regulating the sale of stocksand bonds? 62Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.11. What were the goals of the AAA? 12. What program aimed to control flooding by building dams along the

NameDateClass Reteaching Activity 25-2DIRECTIONS: Completing a Chart Use the chart below to review the programsestablished during Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal. For each item abbreviationlisted in the chart, write the full name of the program and its purpose.The New DealProgram InitialsFull ICSECDIRECTIONS: Essay On a separate sheet of paper, answer the questions below.What did the TVA accomplish? Why was it criticized?66Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.PWA

aran-0415ir11/15/012:34 PMPage 74NameDateCHAPTER15OUTLINE MAPSection 5Anatomy of the TennesseeValley AuthorityA. Review the map of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) on textbook pages520–521. Then, on the accompanying map, locate the same 11 states found on thetextbook map and add the following bodies of water, cities, and dams.Bodies of WaterCumberland R.Kentucky LakeMississippi R.Ohio R.Tennessee hDamsChickamauga DamFort Loudoun DamGuntersville DamKentucky DamNickajack DamB. After completing the map, use it to answer the following questions.1. Use the scale bar to estimate both the east–west and north–south distances ofthe area served by the TVA.2. Which states does the TVA serve?3. The Tennessee River begins at Knoxville. Which is the first dam on the river? the4. Which is the first dam encountered after Chattanooga?5. How many dams does the Tennessee River have?6. Describe the journey that a molecule of water at the Tennessee River’s sourcetakes to reach Memphis.74 Unit 4, Chapter 15 McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved.last dam? the southernmost?

100 Kilometers100 MilesCityDamName002:34 PMRegion served by the TVATennessee River watershed11/15/01NAnatomy of the Tennessee Valley Authority McDougal Littell Inc. All rights reserved.aran-0415irPage 75Anatomy of the Tennessee Valley Authority continuedThe New Deal 75

NameDateClass Guided Reading Activity 25-3DIRECTIONS: Outlining Locate the heading in your textbook. Then use theinformation under the heading to help you write each answer. Use another sheetof paper if necessary.I. Hard Times in AmericaA. Introduction—How many men abandoned their homes? B. Women Go to Work—Who was Frances Perkins? II. The Dust BowlA. What Caused the Dust Bowl?—What happened after farmers in the southernGreat Plains cleared millions of acres of sod for wheat farming? Depression? B. Native Americans—Who was John Collier? C. Hispanics—Why did 500,000 Mexican immigrants leave the United Statesduring the early years of the Great Depression? IV. Radical Political MovementsCopyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.A. How did socialists and Communists view the Great Depression? B. What political philosophy that advocates government by dictatorship caughtthe attention of Americans during the Great Depression? V. Entertainment and the ArtsA. Escaping Troubled Times—What types of radio programs were popularduring the Great Depression? B. Images of Despair—Who wrote Native Son? 63SECTIONworkers? III. The Plight of MinoritiesA. African Americans—How were African Americans in the South affected by the25-3B. Leaving Home—How many farmers migrated to California to become migrant

Document Based AssessmentsNameThe Dust Bowl1. Which states suffered the worst drought?2. What states were included in the Dust Bowl?3. Why would overgrazing by cattle and sheep along with over cultivation and drought make theGreat Plains vulnerable to dust storms?4. The dust bowl exodus was the largest migration in American history. By the end of the 1930s,2.5 million people had moved out of the plains states. If you had lived in the plains during thattime, where would you have migrated to and why?#3935 Exploring History—The Great Depression64 Teacher Created Materials, Inc.

NameDateClass Guided Reading Activity 25-4DIRECTIONS: Recalling the Facts Use the information in your textbook to answer thequestions. Use another sheet of paper if necessary.1. What three critics of Franklin D. Roosevelt gained popularity with schemes tohelp the average American? 2. How did the Revenue Act of 1935 bring in more government funds? 3. When did Roosevelt launch the Second New Deal? 4. What percentage of the workforce was unemployed in 1935? 5. What did Congress create in April 1935? 6. Whom did the Social Security Act help? SECTION7. Where was the sit-down strike first used? 8. Who was the most influential labor leader during the 1930s? What new union25-4did he form in 1934? 9. What act guaranteed workers the right to form unions to bargain collectivelywith employers? 10. What two things did the Fair Labor Standards Act do? 11. Why did the Supreme Court strike down the National Industrial Recovery Actand the Agricultural Adjustment Act? 13. How did FDR attempt to prevent the Supreme Court from undoing the New Deal? 14. Why did FDR cut spending on relief and job programs in 1937? 15. What was the economic downturn of 1937 and 1938 called? How did FDRreverse it? 64Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.12. Who were FDR’s main supporters in the 1936 election?

Name DateClassEnrichment Activity 25-4 PaychecksDIRECTIONS:Interpreting a TableUse the informationon the table to fill inthe blanks and answerthe questions.1. Average hourlywage in 1936:SECTION Change in averagehourly wagebetween 1933and 1940:25-4 2. Average hoursworked bymen in 1931: Lowest averagehourly wagefor men between1929 and 1941:Wages and Hours for Production Workers, 1929–1941All Production WorkersMale WorkersFemale WorkersYearAv. wageper hr.Av. hrs.per wk.Av. wageper hr.Av. hrs.per wk.Av. wageper hr.Av. hrs.per wk.1929 .5948.3 .6349.1 .5338.0SOURCE: Historical Statistics of the United States.3. Highest average hours worked by women between 1929 and 1941: Highest average hourly wage for women between 1929 and 1941: 4. If a man worked an average week at average pay, how much more would he earnin 1929 than a woman who worked an average week at average pay? DIRECTIONS: Using the Media Center Are there still differences in wages for men and women in the United States?What has been the trend over the past 20 years? Find data in the media centerfor the 1970s and the 1990s. Use the data to draw a double line graph showingthe difference in wages for men and women for each decade.72Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

(13) economies. By 1932, (14) of American workers were out of work. Hoover and the Crisis In 1931 President Herbert Hoover authorized additional federal spending on (15) . In 1932, Congress created the (16) to lend money to businesses. When the (17) marched on Washington in the summer of 1932 to demand

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