Business Value Of Evolutionary Design - Dave's Lean .
Business Value ofEvolutionary DesignUSING LEAN & AGILE ROADMAPS, UX MAPS, & DESIGNCYCLES TO CREATE INNOVATIVE PRODUCTS & SERVICESDR. DAVID F. RICO, PMP, CSEP, EBAS, BAF, FCP, FCT, ACP, CSM, SAFE, DEVOPSWebsite: http://davidfrico.com LinkedIn: http://linkedin.com/in/davidfrico Twitter: @dr david f ricoAgile Cost of Quality: Ops Return on Investment (ROI): http://davidfrico.com/rico-devops-roi.pdfDave’s NEW Business Agility Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v hTvtsAkL8xUDave’s NEWER Scaled Agile Framework SAFe 4.5 Video: http://youtu.be/1TAuCRq5a34Dave’s NEWEST Development Operations Security Video: http://youtu.be/qrWRoXSS9bsDave’s BRAND-NEW ROI of Lean Thinking Principles Video: http://youtu.be/wkMfaPAxO6EDoD Fighter Jets versus Amazon Web Services: ciples of Collaborative Contracting: iples.pdfPrinciples of Lean Organizational Leadership: dfPrinciples of Evolutionary Architecture: inciples.pdfPrinciples of CI, CD, & DevOps - Development Operations: http://davidfrico.com/devops-principles.pdf
Author Background Gov’t contractor with 37 years of IT experienceB.S. Comp. Sci., M.S. Soft. Eng., & D.M. Info. Sys.Large gov’t projects in U.S., Far/Mid-East, & Europe Career systems & software engineering methodologist Lean-Agile, Six Sigma, CMMI, ISO 9001, DoD 5000 NASA, USAF, Navy, Army, DISA, & DARPA projects Published seven books & numerous journal articles Intn’l keynote speaker, 270 talks to 120,000 people Specializes in metrics, models, & cost engineering Cloud Computing, SOA, Web Services, FOSS, etc. Professor at 7 Washington, DC-area universities2
Evolutionary Design—C. Darwin3
Traditional Design—Defects-Waste Requirements defects are #1 reason projects failTraditional projects specify too many requirementsMore than 65% of requirements are never used at allDefectsWasteNever45%Requirements47%Other 7%Implementation18%Always 7%Often 13%Design28%Sometimes16%Sheldon, F. T. et al. (1992). Reliability measurement: From theory to practice. IEEE Software, 9(4), 13-20Johnson, J. (2002). ROI: It's your job. Extreme Programming 2002 Conference, Alghero, Sardinia, Italy.Rarely19%4
Evolutionary Design—What is it? E·volve (ĭ-vŏlv′) Grow, unfold, & expand in a gradualfashion over time; To iteratively & incrementally adapt An architecture and design approach based on principlesof lean-agile thinking and product development flow Highly just-enough, just-in-time, and emergent form ofnew product & service development, test, and operation Supports agile values such as collaboration, teamwork,working products/services, and responding to change Sense and response framework with an intense focus ondesign thinking and rapid business experimentation Maximizes BUSINESS VALUE of organizations, portfolios,and projects by utterly delighting customers & end-usersRico, D. F. (2019). Evolutionary architecture: 24 principles of emergent, organic, and highly-adaptive design.Retrieved September 3, 2019, from inciples.pdf5
Evolutionary Design—How it works? New requirements implemented in slices vs. layersUser needs with higher business value are done firstReduces cost & risk while increasing business successAgile Faster21GUI Early ROINo Value APIs Lower CostsApplicationsCost Overruns Fewer DefectsMiddlewareVery Poor Quality Operating System Better Performance Manageable RiskJIT, Just-enough architectureEarly, in-process system V&VFast continuous improvementScalable to systems of systemsMaximizes successful outcomes Slowest Performance Uncontrollable Risk ComputerNetwork Smaller Attack Surface 3TraditionalLate More Security Incidents Seven AXIMIZES Shore, J. (2011). Evolutionary design illustrated. Norwegian Developers Conference, Oslo, Norway.Myth of perfect architectureLate big-bang integration testsYear long improvement cyclesBreaks down on large projectsUndermines business success6
Evolutionary Design—Results Traditional vs. Evolutionary Design Cumulative FlowTRADITIONAL DESIGN Cumulative Flow Time Unit (Roadmap, Release, Iteration, Month, Week, Day, Hour, etc.)Work (Story, Point, Task) or Effort (Week, Day, Hour) Late big design up front increases WIP backlogEvolutionary design principles reduce WIP backlogImproves workflow and reduces WIP and lead timesWork (Story, Point, Task) or Effort (Week, Day, Hour) EVOLUTIONARY DESIGN Cumulative Flow Time Unit (Roadmap, Release, Iteration, Month, Week, Day, Hour, etc.)Anderson, D. J. (2004). Agile management for software engineering. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.Anderson, D. J. (2010). Kanban: Successful evolutionary change for your technology business. Sequim, WA: Blue Hole Press.7
Evolutionary Design—Techniques Methods to reduce new product & service “scope”“Key” is smallest possible scope with greatest valueReduces size, cost, risk, time, failure, & obsolescenceMINIMUMMARKETABLE FEATURE- MMF Advantage Difference Revenue Profit Savings Brand Loyalty MINIMUMVIABLE PRODUCT- MVP -STORY MAPOR IMPACT MAP- SM or IM -VISIONSTATEMENT- VS -MICROSERVICE- MS - Goal Process Features Priorities Story Map Timelines Architecture Goal Actors Impacts Deliverables Measures Milestones Timelines For customer Who needs it The product Is a benefit That customer Unlike other Ours different Purpose Automated Unique Independent Resilient Ecosystem Consumer INCREASES TESTABILITY, QUALITY, RELIABILITY, SECURITY, MORALE, MAINTAINABILITY, & SUCCESSDenne, M., & Cleland-Huang, J. (2004). Software by numbers: Low-risk, high-return development. Santa Clara, CA: Sun Microsystems.Ries, E. (2011). The lean startup: How today's entrepreneurs use continuous innovation. New York, NY: Crown Publishing.Patton, J. (2014). User story mapping: Discover the whole story, build the right product. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media.Layton, M. C., & Maurer, R. (2011). Agile project management for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Publishing.Krause, L. (2014). Microservices: Patterns and applications. Paris, France: Lucas Krause.8
Minimum Viable Product—MVP Term coined by Eric Ries in “Lean Startup” (2011)Absolutely smallest possible new product or serviceRapidly collect and measure greatest possible feedbackAmbler, S. (2018). Defining mvp, mmf, mmp, and mmr. Retrieved March 2, 2020, from https://bit.ly/3ajUaCbBlank, S. (2013). Why the lean startup changes everything. Retrieved March 2, 2020, from https://bit.ly/2uSEwicRies, E. (2011). The lean startup: How today's entrepreneurs use continuous innovation to create radically successful businesses. New York, NY: Crown Books.Kniberg, H. (2016). Making sense of minimum viable product (MVP): Why I prefer earliest testable, usable, and lovable. Retrieved March 2, 2020 from https://bit.ly/3akYGjS9
Evolutionary Design—Roadmaps Numerous models of roadmapping techniquesBased on lean-agile thinking principles & methodsCapture scope, goals, features, timelines, value, etc.BUSINESS MODEL LEAN CANVAS NOW NEXT LATER GOAL-OBJECTIVE- 2004 -- 2010 -- 2010 -- 2013 -FUZZY TIME- 2018 -PRODUCT- 2018 -OKR- 2019 - Key Partners Problem Near-term Quarters In-Progress Timeframes Vision & Mission Key Activities Solution Priorities Dates Soon Themes Goals & Objectives Key Resources Key Metrics Tangibles Releases Future Features Strategy & Tactics Value Proposition Value Proposition Features Versions Completed Objectives Action Plans Customer Relation Advantage Product versions Goals Features Dependencies Key Results Segment-Channels Segment-Channel Releases Features Stickiness Customers Themes Costs & Revenues Costs & Revenue Timeframes Metrics Integrations & I/S Revenue & Profit TimeframesCuredale, R. (2016). Service blueprints: The tool for service innovation. Topanga, CA: Design Community College.Angrave, J. (2020). The journey mapping playbook: A practical guide to preparing, facilitating, and sharing the value of customer journey mapping. Boston, MA: de Gruyter.Szabo, P. W. (2017). User experience mapping: Enhance UX with user story map, journey map, and diagrams. Birmingham, UK: Packt PublishingPatton, J., & Economy, P. (2014). User story mapping: Discover the whole story, build the right product. Sebastopol, CA: Oreilly Media, Inc.Young, I. (2008). Mental models: Aligning design strategy with human behavior. Brooklyn, NY: Rosenfeld Media.Adzick, G. (2012). Impact mapping: Making a big impact with software products and projects. Woking, Surrey, UK: Provoking Thoughts Ltd.Parrish, R., Manning, H., Stearns, C., & Murphy, M. (2015). How to map your customer experience ecosystem. Cambridge, MA: Forrester Research.10
Business Model Canvas Created by Alexander Osterwalder circa 2004Strategic planning model based on 9 building blocksOutlines roadmap for business, portfolio, and productOsterwalder, A., & Pigneur, Y. (2010). Business model generation: A handbook for visionaries, game changers, and challengers. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Van Waasdijk, R. (2018). Business model design: Innovate your business model from a strategic perspective. Retrieved March 3, 2020, from https://bit.ly/2ImqgB711
Lean Canvas Created by Ash Maurya for lean startups in 2010Highly simplified version of business model canvasFocuses on market, solution, & measurable outcomesMaurya, A. (2010). Running lean: Iterate from plan a to a plan that works. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media, Inc.Mullen, S. (2016). An introduction to lean canvas. Retrieved March 3, 2020, from https://bit.ly/2PHsHlS12
Now Next Later Roadmap Created by Simon Cast & Janna Bastow (2010)Establishes direction while allowing for flexibilitySimple 1-page product roadmap without milestonesRelease 1.2 Add Formula1 race Live F1 standings Ad updatesRelease 1.1 Add more races Live standings More Ad updates In-App ads Feedback buttonRelease 2.0 Rider news Actual standings Some other feature Live races Live standings Favorite rider view User selection Betting-gambling Online bankingRelease 1.0NowNextLaterBastow, J. (2019). The birth of the modern roadmap. Retrieved March 3, 2020, from https://bit.ly/2vpN40hSchuurman, R. (2017). Tips for agile product roadmaps & product roadmap examples. Retrieved March 2, 2020, from https://bit.ly/3cqaZNH13
Goal Oriented Roadmap Attributed to Roman Pichler circa 2013Basic idea is to establish business goals first1-page roadmap with goals, features, and outcomesDateJanuary 1stApril 1stJuly 1stOctober 1stNameRelease 1.0Release 1.1Release 1.2Release 2.0GoalMotoGP App Ideavalidation in a smallmarket segmentExpanding the userbases for the currentversion of the AppRetention of currentusers of the MotoGPAppEntering new marketsegments by addingFormula1 Rider news Actual standings Some other feature In-App ads Feedback button Live races Live standings Favorite rider view Add Formula1 race Live F1 standings Ad updates 50 new users DAU 20 DAM 2 min 100 new users DAU 50 DAM 2 min 100 new users DAU 100 DAM 10 min 200 new users DAU 200 DAM 20 minFeaturesMetricsSchuurman, R. (2017). Tips for agile product roadmaps & product roadmap examples. Retrieved March 2, 2020, from https://bit.ly/3cqaZNH14
Fuzzy Time Roadmap Variation of now-next-later roadmap by RoadmunkPseudo-Kanban without WIP limits or pull-backlogsShows current, next, future, and completed capabilitiesNanji, L. (2018). Agile roadmapping: A not-boring guide for real-world product managers. Toronto, CA: Roadmunk.15
Product Roadmap Modern roadmaps created by Lombardo (2018)Combine OKRs, canvases, themes, now-next-laterTheme and feature-based roadmap to achieve OKRsWhoTimeframeEngineersTheme1st HalfIndestructible Hose Flower Management 20-40’ Lengths No-lead connections No-kink armor Increase unit salesBusiness Objectives Decrease returns Decrease defectsDevelopment Stage PreproductionFuture Yrs.Green EvennessExtensibility Microfine sprinkler Dispersion mgt Rain sensor Industrial/Farmingcomponents Double selling price Increase brand value Expand marketshare Prototype Discovery Concept New Mesa Plant Cincinnati Plant Future Plant Untested material 2nd plant required Global competition 100K Units 1M Units 4M Units 10M UnitsMarkets Santa Fe & Phoenix Southwest & NE U.S. & Canada Pro MarketSales Events Partner Showcases Lawn & Garden Show Hardware Show Manufacturing Event 90% 75% 50% 25% 200 million 2 billion 4 billion 7 billion 5 million/ 0.7 mil. 50 million/ 2 mil. 200 million/ 15 mil. 500 million/ 50 mil. Santa Fe PlantDependencies/Risks Key personnelMarketNext Year Super flexibility EZPlace stakes Low-pressure modeFeaturesInfrastructureExecs2nd HalfProduct VolumeConfidence LevelsMarket SizesRevenues/ProfitsLombardo, C. T., McCarthy, B., Ryan, E., & Connors, M. (2018). Product roadmaps relaunched: How to set direction while embracing uncertainty. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media.16
OKR Roadmap Simple OKR roadmap created by Tim O’Malley (2019)Can be based on a hierarchy of corporate-level OKRsCombines critical OKRs into simple prioritized timelineO'Malley, P. (2019). Roadmap element 4: Objectives. Retrieved March 3, 2020, from https://bit.ly/3aojRS3Doerr, J. (2018). Measure what matters: How google, bono, and the gates foundation rock the world with okrs. New York, NY: Portfolio/Penguin.Niven, P. R., & Lamore, B. (2016). Objectives and key results: Driving focus, alignment, and engagement with okrs. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.Gray, D. (2019). Objectives key results (OKR) leadership: How to apply silicon valley's secret sauce to your career, team, or organization. Butte, CO: Action Learning.17
Miscellaneous Roadmaps IFeature-Driven RoadmapObjective-Driven RoadmapTime-Based RoadmapNow-Next-Later RoadmapMitra, M. (2019). 4 product roadmap examples: And how to choose the right one for you. Retrieved March 3, 2020, from http://bit.ly/38qUk9H18
KPI or OKRFeatureValue vs. CplxHybridProblemTheme70% 20% 10%Now Next LaterMiscellaneous Roadmaps IIHymann, L. (2019). 8 product roadmap variations you should try. Retrieved March 3, 2020, from http://bit.ly/39lPP1319
Evolutionary Design—UX Maps Numerous models of UX mapping techniquesBased on lean-agile thinking principles & methodsCapture lifecycles, problems, pain points, features, etc.SERVICE- 1984 -JOURNEY- 1992 -EXPERIENCE- 1998 -STORY- 2005 -MENTAL- 2008 -IMPACT- 2012 -ECOSYSTEM- 2013 - User Perspective User Perspective User Perspective User Perspective User Perspective User Perspective User Perspective Multi-Layered Multi-Layered Multi-Layered Multi-Layered Multi-Layered Multi-Layered Multi-Layered Lifecycle Stages Lifecycle Stages Lifecycle Stages Lifecycle Stages Lifecycle Stages Lifecycle Stages Lifecycle Stages Near Term Long Term Near Term Near Term Near Term Near Term Long Term Simplified View Simplified View Simplified View Simplified View Simplified View Simplified View Simplified View End-to-End Pain Points Pain Points End-to-End End-to-End Value Point End-to-End Less Popular Popular Popular Popular Popular Popular PopularCuredale, R. (2016). Service blueprints: The tool for service innovation. Topanga, CA: Design Community College.Angrave, J. (2020). The journey mapping playbook: A practical guide to preparing, facilitating, and sharing the value of customer journey mapping. Boston, MA: de Gruyter.Szabo, P. W. (2017). User experience mapping: Enhance UX with user story map, journey map, and diagrams. Birmingham, UK: Packt PublishingPatton, J., & Economy, P. (2014). User story mapping: Discover the whole story, build the right product. Sebastopol, CA: Oreilly Media, Inc.Young, I. (2008). Mental models: Aligning design strategy with human behavior. Brooklyn, NY: Rosenfeld Media.Adzick, G. (2012). Impact mapping: Making a big impact with software products and projects. Woking, Surrey, UK: Provoking Thoughts Ltd.Parrish, R., Manning, H., Stearns, C., & Murphy, M. (2015). How to map your customer experience ecosystem. Cambridge, MA: Forrester Research.20
Service Blueprint Created by Lynn Shostack of Bankers Trust (1984)Simple input-output charts for service product designIllustrates key customer transactions and service layersShostack, L. (1984). Designing services that deliver. Harvard Business Review, 62(1), 133-139.Kalakota, R., & Robinson, M. (2003). Services blueprint: Roadmap for execution. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.Curedale, R. (2016). Service blueprints: The tool for service innovation. Topanga, CA: Design Community College.Fitzpatrick, D. (2019). Service blueprint. Retrieved February 19, 2020, from ueprint21
Journey Map Created by Chip Bell and Ron Zemke in 1992High-level lifecycle of major customer experiencesDepicts major pain points encountered along the wayBell, C. R., & Zemke, R. (1992). Managing knock your socks off service. New York, NY: Amacom.Tincher, J., & Newton, N. (2019). How hard it is to be your customer: Using journey mapping to drive customer focused change. Ithaca, NY: Paramount Market Publishing.22Angrave, J. (2020). The journey mapping playbook: A practical guide to preparing, facilitating, and sharing the value of customer journey mapping. Boston, MA: de Gruyter.Brebion, A. (2018). How a customer journey may can help you improve user experience. Retrieved February 19, 2020, from http://www.abtasty.com/blog/customer-journey-map
Experience Map Created by Oxford Corporate Consultants in 1998Map of customer experience with product or serviceDepicts major unknowns and areas for improvementsTemkin, B. (2009). Lego's building block for good experiences. Retrieved February 19, 2020, from https://bit.ly/2V48me3Szabo, P. W. (2017). User experience mapping: Enhance UX with user story map, journey map, and diagrams. Birmingham, UK: Packt Publishing23Kalbach, J. (2016). Mapping experiences: A complete guide to creating value through journeys, blueprints, and diagrams. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media, Inc.Curedale, R. (2018). Mapping methods 2: Guide to experience maps, journey maps, service blueprints, affinity diagrams, empathy maps, and business model canvas. Topanga, CA: DCG.
Story Map Created by Jeff Patton of Thoughtworks in 2005Simple mapping of major features and user storiesVisual functional depiction of user’s application needsPatton, J. (2005). It's all in how you slice it. Better Software Magazine, 2(1), 16-22.Patton, J., & Economy, P. (2014). User story mapping: Discover the whole story, build the right product. Sebastopol, CA: Oreilly Media, Inc.Overeem, B. (2015). The user story mapping game. Retrieved February 19, 2020, from -gamePatton, J. (2020). User story mapping: Story mapping is a better way to work with agile user stories. Retrieved February 19, 2020, from https://bit.ly/2wz5b4924
Mental Map Created by Indi Young in current form in 2008Simple end-user model of how a system worksMapping of end-user needs to system functionsEizans, D. (2012). Evolving mental models. Retrieved February 19, 2020, from https://bit.ly/2HETF9qMcClellan, K. (2019). A primer on mental models. Retrieved February 19, 2020, from https://bit.ly/2SGTn8fDavis, B. (2017). What is a customer mental model? Retrieved February 19, 2020, from https://bit.ly/2SI4y0MYoung, I. (2008). Mental models: Aligning design strategy with human behavior. Brooklyn, NY: Rosenfeld Media.25
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Running lean: Iterate from plan a to a plan that works. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Media, Inc. Mullen, S. (2016). An introduction to lean canvas. Retrieved March 3, 2020, from https://bit.ly/2PHsHlS Lean Canvas
evolutionary biology. From this point of view, some authors have tried to extend the Darwinian theory universally beyond the domain of evolutionary biology (Cf. Dawkins, 1983), using the three principles of evolutionary theory (inheritance or retention, variation, and adaptation) as a heuristic for evolutionary economic theorizing (Campbell, 1965).
1.1.3 Evolutionary Design by Computers So it is clear that evolutionary design in nature is capable of generating astonishingly in-novative designs. This book demonstrates how evolutionary design by computers is also cap-able of such innovation. To achieve this, the highest achievers in evolutionary design have
NATURE OF HUMAN INTELLIGENCE Leda Cosmides* and John Tooby* EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY The goal of research in evolutionary psychology is to discover and understand the de- sign of the human mind. Evolutionary psychology is an approach to psychology, in which knowledge and principles from evolutionary biology and human evolutionary
data into studies of eco-evolutionary dynamics can provide a better mechanistic understanding of the causes of phenotypic change, help elucidate the mechanisms driving eco-evolutionary dynamics and lead to more accurate evolutionary predictions of eco-evolutionary dynamics in nature (Fig. 2). What genomic data can reveal about
Yao: Intro to Evolutionary Computation ’ & % What Is Evolutionary Computation 1. It is the study of computational systems which use ideas and get inspirations from natural evolution. 2. One of the principles borrowed is survival of the fittest. 3. Evolutionary computation (EC) techniques can be used in optimisation, learning and design. 4.
and evolutionary morphology are critical for understanding the development of a concept central to evolutionary developmental biology, evolutionary innovation. Highlighting the discipline of morphology and the concepts of innovation and novelty provides an alternative way of conceptualizing the ‘evo’ and the ‘devo’ to be synthesized.
Simple Evolutionary Optimization Can Rival Stochastic Gradient Descent in Neural Networks In: Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO 2016). New York, NY: ACM Nominated for Best Paper Award in Evolutionary Machine Learning. Gregory Morse Department of Computer Science University of Central Florida Orlando, FL 32816
development of a new evolutionary theory, namely media naturalness theory (Kock 2004, 2005). This new theory was developed to fill a theoretical gap in connection with a non-evolutionary theory known as media richness theory (Daft and Lengel 1986; Daft et al. 1987). While evolutionary theories can bridge gaps left by non-evolutionary theories .
