COMMUNITY DRIVEN CHANGE OUR ROAD TOWARDS PEACE
» REPORT NOVEMBER 2017COMMUNITY DRIVEN CHANGEOUR ROAD TOWARDS PEACEEXPERIENCES FROM THE PROGRAM ‘INTERLINKINGPEACEBUILDING, DECENTRALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT’
OUR ROAD TOWARDS PEACECONTENTSLIST OF ACRONYMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2FOREWORD. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Context. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Approaches & Strategies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5HOW THIS PUBLICATION WAS MADE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7CASE STUDIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Peaceful Co-Existence among Farmers and Pastoralists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Transforming a Culture Of Violence to a Culture Of Dialogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Disaster Risk Reduction Committees as Peace Agents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Women Networks Fostering Human Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Women Sustaining Livelihoods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17A Safe Platform for Socio-Economic Empowerment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19“This is Big-Business” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Water for Sustainable Peace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Boosting Food Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Farming for Peaceful Co-Existence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Skill Training for a Peaceful Future . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29Youth become Peace Ambassadors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31FINDINGS & LESSONS LEARNED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33NOTES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36NOVEMBER 2017 CORDAID1
OUR ROAD TOWARDS PEACELIST OF ACRONYMSLIST OF DVSLAWBeGWDG2Catholic Diocese of WauCommunity Managed Disaster Risk ReductionCatholic Organization for Relief and Development AidComprehensive Peace AgreementDisaster Risk ReductionCivil Society OrganizationEastern Equatoria StateGlobal AimHope Agency for Relief and DevelopmentInternally Displaced PersonsInternational Institute of Rural ReconstructionParticipatory Disaster Risk AssessmentProtection of CiviliansSolidarity Association for Rehabilitation and Recovery AffairsSexual and Gender Based ViolenceSelf-Help GroupSudan People’s Liberation Movement/ArmySudan People’s Liberation Movement/In OppositionTransitional Government of National UnityUnited Nations High Commissioner for RefugeesUnited Nations Security Council ResolutionUnited States Agency for International DevelopmentVillage Savings and Loan AssociationWestern Bahr el GazalWomen Development GroupNOVEMBER 2017 CORDAID
OUR ROAD TOWARDS PEACEFOREWORDFOREWORDOver the past four years the context in South Sudan has beentroublesome and is characterized by recurrent outbreaks ofnation-wide and local conflicts. About 4 million citizens havebeen forced to flee their hometowns, leaving their livelihoods,family and friends behind.1 Even though South Sudan hasrecently been labelled by the United States Agencies forInternational Development (USAID) ‘the most dangerouscountry in the world [to work in] for aid workers’2, manyorganizations and individuals stay committed to deliverhumanitarian aid and contribute to a more peaceful society.Cordaid has been able to continue its work in these extremelyharsh times thanks to these local organizations.Between 2013 and 2017, the ‘Interlinking Peace building,Decentralization and Development’ program has been implemented in South Sudan by a consortium of three Dutchorganizations (VNG International3 , PAX 4 and Cordaid). The4-year program received funding from the Dutch Ministry ofForeign Affairs. The aim of the program is ‘to increase humansecurity in former Western Bahr el Gazal and EasternEquatoria States through interlinking and strengtheningcommunity-based peacebuilding initiatives, decentralizedgovernment services and socio-economic peace dividend’.Within this program Cordaid focussed on: Improving the capacity of community-based peacebuildingactors. Establishing peace dividend5 and improving socio-economicconditions of conflict affected communities. Increasing the potential of women in peacebuildinginitiatives, governance and economic development.NOVEMBER 2017 CORDAIDCordaid feels greatly indebted to Hope Agency for Relief andDevelopment (HARD), Women Development Group (WDG),Catholic Diocese of Wau (CDoW), Global Aim (GA) and SolidarityAssociation for Rehabilitation and Recovery Affairs (SARRA).These organizations have, in partnership with Cordaid, activelycontributed to an improved socio-economic situation of manycommunities, bringing people together to overcome differencesand contributing to a safer and more peaceful living environment. Their stories need to be told.In order to highlight the experiences of Cordaid and its partnersfrom the ‘Interlinking Peacebuilding, Decentralization andDevelopment’ program, 12 case stories are documented inthis publication. The International Institute of RuralReconstruction (IIRR), and especially Isaac Bwire, has donea wonderful job in guiding the case-story writers in theirwriting process. We also feel greatly indebted to MahtemeMikre, William Arange and Fréderique van Drumpt whoprovided technical guidance throughout the implementationof the program and during the compilation of this publication.Finally, but most importantly, we are sincerely thankful tothose mentioned in this publication for sharing their lifechanging stories.CORDAID3
OUR ROAD TOWARDS PEACEintroductionINTRODUCTIONContextSouth Sudan is Africa’s youngest state. It obtained its independence on 9 July 2011, following a referendum in January2011, in which an overwhelming majority of southerners optedfor separation from Sudan. The independence marked the endof the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) between theGovernment of Sudan and the Sudan People’s LiberationMovement/Army (SPLM/A) that was signed in 2005. The CPAhad ended a protracted civil war that claimed the lives of about2 million people and displaced approximately 4 million peoplebetween 1983 and 2005.formation process further accentuated tension throughoutthe country resulting in increased incidences of insecurity,administrative reforms and economic crisis.The ‘Interlinking Peace building, Decentralization &Development’ program was designed with local partners inSouth Sudan right after independence. Spirits were highalthough everyone knew the road towards peace and prosperity ahead would be long. However, almost from the startprogram implementation was affected by the conflict.Following the declaration of independence, hopes for peace andprosperity were high. However, by the end of 2013, not longafter its independence, South Sudan fell back into conflict. Theconflict opposed the ruling party, SPLM, and the oppositionforce SPLM/IO (SPLM In Opposition) and is strongly tied toethnic identities and control over resources. Local and nationaloutbreaks of violence have been recurrent ever since, againleading to the loss of a large numbers of lives and livelihoods.The capacity of citizens and institutions to overcome conflictfurther reduces each time new conflict breaks out.When nation-wide conflict broke out in December 2013, theprogram had only been running for half a year. The offices ofimplementing partners, as well as Cordaid’s office in Juba, wereclosed due to insecurity and displacement, and the programgot suspended for around 3 months. The program envisionedfocusing on 3 states (Western Bahr el Gazal, Eastern Equatoriaand Upper Nile) but widespread and persisting insecurity inUpper Nile meant activities had to be cancelled completely.In July 2016 conflict escalated again throughout the country,which led to staff evacuation and renewed temporary programsuspension.A peace agreement was signed between the SPLM and SPLM/IOon 17 August 2015. This marked the start of the formation of theTransitional Government of National Unity (TGoNU), responsible for implementing the peace process. However, the TGoNUAt the start of the program in 2013, Western Bahr el Gazal(WBeG) was relatively calm. But over the past two years thesecurity situation deteriorated rapidly. The majority of theprogram’s target communities became internally displacedFIGURE 1. MAP OF SOUTH SUDAN(project locations are highlighted in red)SudanMalakalBentuAweilEthiopiaWarrapWauCentral epublic of CongoUganda4KenyaNOVEMBER 2017 CORDAID
OUR ROAD TOWARDS PEACEintroductionAREAS OF OPERATIONORGANIZATIONSTATECOUNTYPAYAMBOMAWomen Development GroupWBeGWau CountyBesiliaMboro,BagariBagari, Ngisa, Farjala, Natabu, BiringiCatholic Diocese of WauWBeGWau CountyBusereBusere, MomoiHope Agency for Relief andDevelopmentWBeGJur RiverKangiKangi, DhikouUdiciUdici, GetteTharkuengTharkuengHiyalaNyibira, Murahatiha, Imatari, Tirangore, TuhubakNyongIllanyi, Nyong, Fodofodo,IkwotoIkwotoIfune, IfudaToritBurLoudo, OsitaHimodongiOruhoi, Offong, OteseHiyalaMurahatiha, TirangereNgongIliangiGlobal AimSolidarity Association forRehabilitation and RecoveryAffairsEESEESToritand, to date, most of them have not been able to return home.General insecurity also led to changing seasonal migrationpatterns of pastoralist communities from neighboring states.While they previously migrated to multiple states, they nowprimarily resort to WBeG State. This increases the pressure onthe available resources such as water and land, which are theprimary source of livelihood for the farming populations ofWBeG. With insecurity also on rise in WBeG the options forpastoralists to migrate have further decreased and conflictsin the areas they can still resort to increase. The interplaybetween an insecure context, the availability of weapons andthe lack of socio-economic prospects often leads to violentconfrontations between pastoralist and farming communities.As in WBeG, and despite the national outbreak of violence inDecember 2013, the security situation in Eastern EquatoriaState (EES) was relatively stable at the start of the program. Theintense fighting mainly affected the Northern states in SouthSudan. In 2015, approximately 58,800 people sought refuge inEES, especially in Nimule and parts of Kapoeta, due to intertribal tension and violence. Despite the heavy deployment ofpolice and army posts on the Juba-Torit and Kapoeta-Torit road,there were a significant amount of ambushes.Due to these recurrent outbreaks of conflict, South Sudansuffered from severe periods of famine. Insecurity affected theaccessibility of farmers to their land, limiting their productivecapacity. Insecurity also resulted in pastoralists having lessaccess to grazing land and hence the pressure on other parts ofthe country increased. Due to the scarcity of resources such asland and water, conflicts intensified. South Sudan also facedhigh inflation rates, affecting livelihoods, creating shortage ofgoods in the markets and also increasing operational costs ofthe program.Administrative divisions in South SudanSouth Sudan was divided in 10 states when the country gainedit’s independence. In October 2015 the ruling party increasedthe number of states from 10 to 28 by Presidential decree.NOVEMBER 2017 CORDAIDThe number of counties, the second administrative level inSouth Sudan, increased from 79 to over 200. Payams are thethird administrative level, below the counties, and are furthersubdivided into a variable number of bomas. The administrative reform meant the program had to make significant effortsto establish sustainable working relationships with governmental officials at all of these levels because people andpositions were constantly reshuffled.In this publication we refer to the names of the states as theywere prior to the 2015 administrative reform.Approaches & StrategiesCordaid applied several (inter-connected) approaches andstrategies in order to achieve the envisaged program outcomes.1. Community Driven ChangeThe concept of community driven change is the foundation forall approaches and strategies. Cordaid believes that changesshould be based on the needs and priorities expressed bycitizens. Their active involvement in designing and implementing interventions for change is crucial to strengthenownership and make a real impact.2. CMDRR approachThe ultimate goal of Community Managed Disaster RiskReduction (CMDRR) is to build resilient and safe communities.CMDRR is a process of bringing people from the same orneighboring communities together and to enable them tocollectively identify and address common disaster and conflictrisks and develop joint response strategies. Interventions arebuilt on the outcomes of these analyses and community actionplans. The CMDRR process includes a Participatory Disaster RiskAssessment (PDRA), the development of Disaster Risk Reductionstrategies and plans, Community Contingency plans strengthening organizational response mechanisms at community level(among others community contingency plans) and designingcommunity-led monitoring and evaluation. Cordaid utilized theCMDRR approach in this program as a basis for all interventions.5
OUR ROAD TOWARDS PEACEintroduction3. Peace Dividend approachExtreme poverty, limited future (employment) perspectivesand competition over scarce resources such as water and landare both cause and consequence of conflicts and insecurity.We believe that by contributing to a better socio-economicposition, communities become more resilient and insecuritywill decrease. Socio-economic benefits can bring peopletogether, building trust, community support systems andsocial cohesion. Dialogue and strategies that tackle insecurityhave more potential when people know each other better andbenefit from socio-economic programming. Peace dividendinitiatives are defined on the basis of community assessmentsand action plans established through the earlier describedPDRA. Quick-win funds are made available to implement peacedividend initiatives focusing on resilient livelihoods (e.g.improved agricultural production, access to water and incomegeneration). Village Savings and Loan Associations (VSLA),often organized as Self-Help Groups (SHG), is an instrumentused to mobilise mainly women into viable production units.Through these groups, capacity building can be provided on forexample group leadership and dynamics, savings and loanschemes, business skills, marketing and life skills.6. Focusing on Women & YouthWomen in South Sudan suffer daily from gender-basedviolence, lack socio-economic options to sustain their livelihoods and have limited influence in decision-making processes. This is why the program adopts a focus on women in allactivities. We specifically aim to increase the socio-economicstatus of women through their inclusion in VSLA’s and SHG’s.Increasing their socio-economic status will also lead to greaterparticipation and equality in their households and communities, in particular when coupled with setting-up and supporting women’s networks. This can be done, for example, throughthe barometer approach.The role of youth in many conflict affected areas is undeniable.Insecurity leads to limited opportunities for youth to beeducated, start businesses, sustain their livelihoods and buildand contribute to a fulfill
FOREWORD OUR ROAD TOWARDS PEACE 3 Cordaid feels greatly indebted to Hope Agency for Relief and Development (HARD), Women Development Group (WDG), Catholic Diocese of Wau (CDoW), Global Aim (GA) and Solidarity Association for Rehabilitation and Recovery Affairs (SARRA) . These organizations have, in partnership with Cordaid, actively
Road-Wide DUB PF30 79-A Road-Wide 00.6418.018.003 83 42 Road-Ai DUB BB30 83-A Road Ai 00.6418.027.001 46 Road-Ai DUB PF30 83-A Road Ai 00.6418.028.002 86.5 41 Road DUB PF 86.5 Road 00.6418.025.000 Road-Wide DUB PF 86.5 Road-Wide DUB Ceramic PF 86.5 Road-Wide 00.6418.016.004 Ceramic: 00.6418.016.007 46 Road DUB BB386 86.5 Road DUB Ceramic BB386 .
Route 46 between Carr Lane and Russell Road: from CARR LANE via Guildford Road, Kew Road, Eastbourne Road, Cemetery Road, Duke Street, Shakespeare Street, St. James Street, Eastbank Street, Lord Street, London Street, Derby Road, Sussex Road, Norwood Road, Bispham Road, Canning Road, Crowland Street to RUSSELL ROAD.
06:42a kettle rd- frantz rd valley road - west end rd. 02:52p 06:45a catawissa road - cross rd 47 kettle road 02:57p 06:48a 696 valley road kettle road - turn around 03:01p 06:49a valley road - meadow ln. valley road - meadow ln. 03:05p 06:50a 973 valley road 973 valley road 03:09p 06:52a 141 mountain road 141 mountain road 03:10p
Hazeldean Road In the vicinity of the study area, Hazeldean Road is a four-lane urban arterial road with a 60 km/h posted speed limit. Sidewalks are provided along both side of Hazeldean Road. Huntmar Drive / Iber Road Huntmar Drive / Iber Road is a major collector road within the study area. South of Hazeldean Road, Iber Road has a
NC 179 (Beach Drive). Routes used by local cyclists include: Calabash Road/Ash Little River Road, Country Club Road (SR 1168), Persimmon Road (SR 1167), Seaside Road SW (NC 904), Old Georgetown Road, Russtown Road (SR 1315), Old Shallotte Road (S R 1316), McMilly Road (SR 1320), and Main Street (US 17 Business).
the data-driven testing needs with the keyword-driven approach alone. Keywords: test automation, test automation framework, data-driven testing, keyword-driven testing ii. TEKNILLINEN KORKEAKOULU DIPLOMITYON TIIVISTELM A .
Road, Bear Swamp Road and Skinner Hill Road in Andover. There is access on Nathan Hale Road (discontinued town road) through the Hale Homestead. There are two g ravel forest roads; Gravel Pit Road and Matt Road, which are gated at to wn road intersections providing access to Compartments 2 and 6. Numbers of gates
Route 2 between Southport and Preston: from SOUTHPORT LORD STREET/DUKE STREET via Lord Street, Albert Road, Park Crescent, Cambridge Road, Preston New Road, Water Lane, Station Road, Hoole Lane, BANKS, Church Road, Bond's Lane, Chapel Lane, New Lane Pace, Marsh Road, Shore Road, HESKETH BANK, Chapel Road,
