080M CHANGE ORDER MANUAL - Connecticut
State of Connecticut Department of Public WorksBureau of Design & Construction 165 Capitol Ave., Hartford CT 06106Change OrderManualSeptember 1, 2006
Table of ContentsSection1.02.0TitleGeneral Requirements51.1 Introduction51.2 Objective51.3Change Order OverviewThree steps in Change Order process1.3.1661.4Stakeholders61.5Overview Flowchart F-1.58Step 1 – Generation of the Need for a Change Order2.13.04.0PageRFI2.1.12.1.22.1.3999911Request for information for document deficienciesResponse to RFIRFI Process: Flowchart F-2.1.32.2Proposal RequestsConsultant Initiated Requests for Proposals:2.2.1Consultant Request for Proposal: Flowchart F-2.2.22.2.2Agency Requests:2.2.3Agency Request for Proposal: Flowchart F-2.2.42.2.412121314152.3Job/Field ConditionsJob/Field Conditions: Flowchart F-2.32.3.116172.4Contractor Generated Time Extension and Overtime Requests (Administrative/ Non-Specific)182.5PCO File18Step 2 – Change Order Proposal3.1 Change Order SummaryChange Order Proposal3.1.1Change Order Worksheets3.1.2Change Order Proposal: Flowchart F-3.1.33.1.318181819213.2Construction Change DirectivesCCD Summary3.2.1CCD Process3.2.2CCD Process: Flowchart F-3.2.33.2.322222224Step 3 – Change Order Processing & Approval254.1Confirm funding availability253080M 090106 PMT
4.2Review of C.O. ProposalMaterials & Equipment4.2.14.2.1.Rental Rates14.2.1.Delivery charges and sales taxes24.2.1.Small Tools34.2.24.2.34.2.44.2.54.2.64.2.74.2.8Labor & Related Expenses4.2.2.Overtime Labor14.2.2.Labor Rate Escalation2Labor Taxes & Workers CompensationOverhead & ProfitAdditional Bond CostsJobsite OverheadHome Office OverheadAdditional Costs or Time Extensions25252626262727272728282929304.3Summary of Allowable / Unallowable Costs304.4Negotiation314.5Categorize Change Order314.6Change Order Review Signatures314.7Change Order Numbering324.8Change Order Approval324.9Change Order Approval Checklist324.10Flowcharts F4.033APPENDICES34Appendix A. DPW Sign off authority matrixAppendix B. Forms725FAgency Change During Construction Request730FRequest for Information731FRFI Response732FSupplemental Instructions733FProposal Request734FChange Order Proposal735FChange Order Proposal Workbook736FConstruction Change Directive737FChange OrderAppendix C. Checklist4080M 090106 PMT
1.0 General Requirements1.1IntroductionAn effective change order process requires potential construction change orders to besubject to a systematic review and approval process. This process should minimizethe DPW’s risk through increased controls while increasing the accountability ofthose involved with processing change orders. It is the DPW Project Manager’sresponsibility to ensure that all change orders represent changes to the contractdocuments and that they are reasonable in nature and cost and are supported bycontemporaneously prepared documents. Improved internal DPW controls andpolicies will significantly reduce the potential for contractor claims in addition tostreamline the change order process.This Change Order process was developed to ensure that all Change Orders are fairand reasonable in nature, and cost, and have been reviewed and approved by theappropriate parties/stakeholders.Deviation from this procedure could result inincreased construction claims, financial risk and misuse of State funds. It is theresponsibility of the DPW Project Manager to ensure that all Change Orders areissued in accordance with the requirements of the contract documents and thismanual.5080M 090106 PMT
1.2ObjectiveThis manual is intended to provide the DPW Project Managers and other staff withone consolidated source documenting the Change Order process and the stepsrequired to successfully meet the administrative and procedural requirements ofcontract modifications. This manual contains a narrative section outlining the ChangeOrder process and is supported by flowcharts illustrating the different steps involvedin the creation of a Change Order. Also included are copies of the required formsincorporated throughout the Change Order process as well as a summary checklistthat will assist the Project Manager with the processing of each Change Order.When a change order is executed, the file should provide traceability several yearsafter the project is complete. This means that an auditor will be able to follow thetransaction and decision making through a sequence of documents either in the file orreferenced by the file in order to arrive at the same conclusion. The file should alsoprovide verification and documentation as to:Entitlement ReviewCost ReviewProcess ComplianceChange Order Classification1.3Change Order OverviewBy definition a Change Order is a written authorization to a Contractor, signed by theOwner, authorizing a change in the Work, an adjustment in the Contract Sum and/oran adjustment in Contract Time. At any time, the DPW may order modifications inthe Work consisting of additions, deletions or other revisions. A summary of theDPW’s Change Order process is provided in Flowchart F-1.5.1.3.1 The three steps to the Change Order process are summarized as follows:1.) Recognition and Generation of the need for a Change Order2.) Receive and Review of a Change Order Proposal3.) Negotiation, Processing and Approval of a Change Order6080M 090106 PMT
1.4StakeholdersThe stakeholders and their roles in the change order process are defined as follows:1.) DPW – Also referred to as the “Owner.” The DPW acting through itsCommissioner or specifically authorized Department personnel administers theconstruction project on behalf of the User Agency.2.) Project Manager (PM) - A DPW employee designated and authorized by theCommissioner, to be responsible for the overall management and oversight ofthe Project, and to represent the User Agency.3.) Construction Administrator (CA) - An individual or firm, under contract to,or employed by the DPW, commissioned and/or authorized to assist the ProjectManager in his/her duties and oversee the fulfillment of all requirements of theContract Documents. The CA may be a DPW employee, consultant, or anyother designee as authorized and identified by the DPW. For those projectswhen a CA is not designated, the PM or APM shall act as the CA.4.) Consultant – An individual or organization under contract with the DPW,commissioned as the design professionals to prepare the contract drawings andspecifications (“plans and specs”). The Consultant provides assistance duringthe construction process including but not limited to; RFI response, submittalreviews, construction inspection, change order review and claim review. Referto the Consultant contract for specific responsibilities. The Consultant may beused in capacity as CA.5.) Agency – The State of Connecticut User Agency (Agency) that hasadministrative authority of the facility in/at which the Work is being performedor will take ownership upon completion of a new facility.6.) Contractor / General Contractor (GC) – An Individual or Organization,under contract with the DPW, that is responsible for performing the Work inaccordance with the Contract Documents.7.) Construction Manager/Construction Manager at Risk (CM) - AnIndividual or Organization, under contract with the DPW, that is responsiblefor providing both construction management and general contractor services inaccordance with the Contract Documents.7080M 090106 PMT
1.5Overview Flowchart F-1.5Consultant orAgency RequestDPW RequestCreate PCOFileCreate PCOFileContractorTime ExtensionOr OvertimeRequestRequests forInformation(RFI)Create PCOFileSTEP 1ConsultantResponse to RFIRevised Plans& Specsfrom ConsultantProposal RequestFrom Consultant /DPWCost orTimeChangeCreate PCOFileNo Costor TimeImpactDPW Director ofProject ManagementReviewSupplementalInstructionsfrom ConsultantSTEP 3STEP 2Contractor ReceivesProposal RequestContractorSubmits Change OrderProposalAgree onCost andTimeDisagree on Cost and/orTime or 30 Days PastRFI Response orProposal RequestProcess ChangeOrder & Obtain ChangeOrder ApprovalsConstructionChange DirectiveT&M - NTECCD ObtainAppropriateSignoffComplete Checklist& TransmitChange Order8080M 090106 PMT
2.0 Step 1 – Generation of the Need for a Change OrderA change to the contract is typically generated based upon the occurrence of one of thefollowing events;2.1 RFI:2.1.1 Request for Information for Document DeficienciesThe RFI is the vehicle through which questions are formally asked with regardto the Contract Documents. In the event that the contractor (or a subcontractor)determines that some portion of the drawings, specifications, or other contractdocuments requires clarification or interpretation by the Consultant, thecontractor shall submit a Request for Information (RFI) in writing to theConsultant via the PM/CA. Requests for Information may only be submitted bythe contractor and shall only be submitted on form 730F Request forInformation. In the Request for Information, the contractor shall clearly andconcisely set forth the issue for which clarification or interpretation is soughtand why a response is needed from the consultant.2.1.2 Response to RFIThe RFI Response is the vehicle which formally answers the RFI and shall beissued by the Consultant to the Contractor via the PM/CA, in accordance withthe contract, unless the Consultant determines that additional time is necessary toprovide an adequate response and has informed the PM/CA of thisdetermination. The Consultant’s RFI Response shall be delivered on form 731FRFI Response and include all pertinent information required to answer theinitial RFI. In the event the Contractor believes that the Consultant’s response toa particular RFI will cause a change to the Work, the Contractor shall give noticeto the PM/CA in accordance with the contract documents.The Consultant may, as a part of the Response to RFI issue SupplementalInstructions, using form 732F Supplemental Instructions. These SupplementalInstructions are intended to clarify the Contract Documents for which theConsultant has determined there is no impact to the Contract Sum and/or theContract Time.Supplemental Instructions may be issued as a stand alonedocument or as part of a Response to RFI. The PM/CA should review the9080M 090106 PMT
Supplemental Instructions to determine, independently, if the SupplementalInstructions will have no impact on the Contract Sum or the Contract Time. Ifthe PM/CA determines that there may be cause for an increase in the ContractSum or the Contract Time, the PM/CA should contact the Consultant beforetransmitting the Supplemental Instructions to the contractor and shall create aPotential Change Order (PCO) file.10080M 090106 PMT
2.1.3 RFI Process: Flowchart F-2.1.3FieldCondition orDocumentDeficiencyNo Cost orTime ChangeRFI(Contractor to PM/CAto Consultant)Response to RFI(Consultant to PM/CA toContractor)SupplementalInstructions(If Applicable)If AgreeTransmit toContractorPM/CA Reviewto EnsureNo Cost or TimeChangeCost or TimeChangeContractor GivesWritten Notice to PM/CARFI Will Result in C.O.If Do Not AgreeContactConsultantCreate PCOFileSTEP 211080M 090106 PMT
2.2 Proposal RequestsA Proposal Request is generated by the DPW in the event of a Consultantinitiated Request for Proposal or an approved Agency Request. A ProposalRequest is issued for the sole purpose of obtaining a Contractor quote for aproposed change in the Work and shall not be considered a direction either tostop work in progress or to execute the proposed change. The Proposal Requestwill be issued to the Contractor via the PM/CA. The Proposal Request shallinclude a detailed description of proposed changes in the Work and ifnecessary, shall include supplemental or revised drawings, sketches andspecifications. Proposal Requests shall be issued in numerical sequence andnumbers should not be used more than once even if the proposal request iscancelled.2.2.1 Consultant Initiated Requests for Proposals:The Consultant will issue a detailed description of proposed changes in theWork to the Contractor, through the PM/CA, that may require an adjustment tothe Contract Sum and/or the Contract Time. If necessary, the description willinclude supplemental or revised drawings and specifications. Such requestsshall be submitted on form 733F Proposal Request.12080M 090106 PMT
2.2.2 Consultant Proposal Request: Flowchart F-2.2.2ConsultantProposal RequestCreate PCOFileRevised Plans& SpecsFrom ConsultantProposal Request(Consultant to PM/CAto Contractor)STEP 213080M 090106 PMT
2.2.3 Agency Requests:If the user Agency is requesting a change in the Work, an authorizedrepresentative from the requesting agency will submit a form 725F AgencyChange During Construction Request for a proposed change to the PM/CA.The DPW PM will review the request for a proposed change with the CA (ifapplicable) and obtain approval from the Deputy Commissioner or his/herdesignee prior to review with the Consultant.Upon the DeputyCommissioner’s approval of the Agency Request, the PM/CA will then requestthat the Consultant prepare and issue a “Proposal Request” that will betransmitted to the contractor through the PM/CA.14080M 090106 PMT
2.2.4 Agency Request for Proposal: Flowchart F-2.2.4Agency RequestCreate PCO FileAuthorized RepresentativeSubmits Written AgencyChange Request toDPW Project ManagerPM AssessCost and ScheduleImpactsNoDeputyCommissionerApprovalPM InformsAgencyYesPM/CA ReviewAgency RequestWith ConsultantAdditionalConsultant FeesIssueAmendment toContractNo AdditionalConsultant FeesDPW PM/CARequest ConsultantIssue Proposal RequestRevised Plans& SpecsFrom ConsultantProposal Request(Consultant to PM/CAto Contractor)STEP 215080M 090106 PMT
2.3 Job/Field Conditions:Some changes in the Work are driven by Job/Field Condition originatedmodifications such as “Differing Site Conditions.” Differing Site Conditions aresubsurface or latent physical site conditions which differ materially fromconditions described in the specifications or an unknown physical site conditionof an unusual nature, which differed materially from that which would ordinarilybe encountered and would generally be recognized as part of the character ofwork. When a Job/Field Condition arises that requires a change to the Work thenature of the change shall be captured by one of the following documents: A “Request for Information” (RFI) submitted by the Contractor to theConsultant, through the PM/CA, for which the Consultant has providedan appropriate response via a “RFI Response .” A “Proposal Request” submitted by the PM/CA to the ContractorThe Change Order process for a Field/Job Condition shall conform to the sameprocess as any other “RFI Response ” or “Proposal Request.”16080M 090106 PMT
2.3.1 Job/Field Conditions: Flowchart F-2.3.1Field/Job ConditionCreate PCO FileContractorReview Issuewith PM/CARFI(Refer to RFIProcess Flowchart)Put Issue in Form of: DPW Proposal Requestor RFIDPW Proposal RequestTo ContractorSTEP 217080M 090106 PMT
ests(Administrative / Non- Specific Events)A Contractor may submit a form 734F Change Order Proposal for anincrease in Contract Sum and/or Contract Time which was not solicited by aspecific RFI or Proposal Request. If the Contractor submits a proposal for atime extension or for payment of overtime, not as a part of a specific change,the proposal shall be approved by the DPW’s Director of Project Management.For time extensions, this shall be required even if the Contractor is notrequesting additional funds. These types of requests need to be carefullyreviewed and tracked to prevent a possible claim situation. Please note thatContractors’ requests for additional compensation due solely to material and/orlabor rate escalation are not allowed and shall be immediately rejected.2.5 PCO FileIn addition, it is during this initial phase, Step 1, that the PM/CA is required tocreate a “Potential Change Order” (PCO) file to track each potential changeorder. A PCO number should be assigned to every potential change order itemand all correspondence associated with this item shall include the assignedPCO number. The PCO numbers shall be issued in numerical sequence andused only once. The intent of the PCO file is to provide a historicalcompilation of documents associated with any potential change regardless ofwhether or not the PCO becomes an actual Change Order. This PCO fileshould include all correspondence regarding the potential change including allassociated RFIs, Proposal Requests, sketches, bulletins, Change OrderProposal submissions and any other correspondence between the PM/CA, theConsultant and Contractor related to the potential change.3.0 Step 2 – Change Order Proposal3.1 Change Order Proposal:3.1.1 Change Order Proposal Summary18080M 090106 PMT
When either a ‘Response to RFI or a “Proposal Request” from the Consultant orthe DPW results in conditions that may require modifications to the contract, theContractor may propose changes in Contract cost and time by submitting a ChangeOrder Proposal to the Consultant through the PM/CA on form 734F ChangeOrder Proposal. Include statements outlining the reasons for the change and theeffect of the change on the Work. Indicate the effect of the proposed change onthe Contract Sum and Contract Time. Comply with requirements in the ContractDocuments for “Equals and Substitutions” if the proposed change requires anequal or substitution of one product or system for a product or system specified.3.1.2 Change Order WorkbookThe Change Order Proposal shall include form 735F Change OrderWorkbook that provides accurate detailed and itemized breakouts of thecomponents of the requested change amount. A Change Order Proposal shallinclude completed workbooks for the General Contractor as well as any of thesubcontractors that will be performing work as a part of the Change OrderProposal. The workbook shall clearly indicate and be signed by the individualwho prepared it. The supporting documentation from the contractor shall also:1.) Include a list of material and equipment quantities of products required and unitcosts, with total amount of purchases to be made. Where requested, furnishsurvey data to substantiate quantities as directed by the General Conditions ofthe Contract for Construction.1.) Indicate applicable delivery charges and equipment rental.2.) Include applicable State of Connecticut sales tax. Typically the State ofConnecticut construction contracts have the following tax implications:a) Materials purchased which will be physically incorporated and become apermanent part of the project are tax exempt.b) Tools, supplies and equipment used in fulfilling the requirements ofconstruction contract are not exempt.19080M 090106 PMT
c) Services that are resold by the contractor are tax exempt. For example, if aGeneral Contractor hires a plumber, carpenter or electrician, a resalecertificate may be issued to the subcontractor because these services areconsidered to be integral and inseparable component parts of the buildingcontract.3.) Include Labor and Labor related expenses (i.e.: Taxes, Benefits, WorkersComp. Insurance).4.) Include Overhead and Profit Markup in accordance with the contract.5.) Include Subcontractor costs and markup on Subcontractors cost in accordancewith the contract.6.) Include Bond costs without Overhead and Profit Markup.Any “Change Order Proposal” submitted for a specific event without being generatedas a result of a “Request for Information” or as a response to a “Proposal Request”will be immediately returned to the Contractor and placed on hold until theappropriate “RFI” or “Proposal Request” has been generated.20080M 090106 PMT
3.1.3 Change Order Proposal: Flowchart F-3.1.3RFI Response orProposal Requestto ContractorContractor ReviewsProposal Requestor RFI ResponseContractor CompletesC.O. Proposal Formand C.O. Proposal Worksheets(Including SupportingDocumentation)C.O. Proposal &C.O. Proposal Worksheets(Contractor to PM/CA to Consultant)Update PCO FileSTEP 321080M 090106 PMT
3.2 Construction Change Directives:3.2.1 CCD SummaryA “Construction Change Directive” (CCD) is the authorization from theDPW to the Contractor to proceed with a specifically defined scope of work.A CCD shall be issued as an interim measure if the PM/CA and Contractorcan not; agree on the cost of the work or the time necessary to complete the workor if a Change Order Proposal is not negotiated with the Contractor within30 days of receipt of the RFI Response or Proposal Request.If a PM/CA feels a CCD needs to be issued for other than the two reasonsstated above, the PM/CA shall obtain approval from the Supervising ProjectManager.3.2.2 CCD ProcessAll CCDs shall be issued to the Contractor on a Time & Material (T&M) basiswith a Not to Exceed (NTE) value or by using pre-established unit rates with aNTE value. The PM/CA shall define the NTE value based on the value ofContractor’s Change Order Proposal or other documented basis. In noinstance shall the NTE price be established by the PM/CA without adequateresearch and calculated support for its determination.All CCD change orders, on a cumulative basis, require the proper approvals per theDPW Approval Matrix (see appendix A). All CCDs shall be recorded in the PM/CA’sPCO log at their NTE value until Change Order amounts are finalized. Note: AllCCDs shall be issued in consecutive order i.e.: CCD No. 5 must never be issued priorto CCD No. 4. In the event of a cancellation that number shall not be reused.Aswith all other types of changes the PM/CA shall create and populate a PCO file foreach change in the work whether or not it is administered via the CCD process. Pleasenote that CCDs will not, for any reason, be issued as a vehicle to compensate a22080M 090106 PMT
Contractor for overtime needed to expedite a project schedule or as a means to dividea specific scope of work into smaller parts to bypass the Change Order approvalmatrix.All work completed for a CCD change item shall be tracked in the field. Daily ticketsfor all labor and equipment usage must be signed and submitted by the contractor andverified and signed by the construction administrator. A copy of each verified ticketshall be retained by the construction administrator at the time of verification. Materialinvoices shall be submitted by the contractor for material installed as part of the CCD.When unit rates are employed, the construction administrator shall verify anddocument the quantity of units installed as appropriate.The constructionadministrator shall verify quantities and the reasonableness of costs. The 740F CostPlus Work Daily Report is available to be used for this purpose. Upon completion ofthe work identified in the CCD, a Change Order will be issued in the amount of theverified work as described above, but not for more than the Not to Exceed amount. Ifactual costs will exceed the NTE amount the appropriate documentation and approvalswill be required. The PM/CA is responsible to verify the labor rates, material costs,equipment rates and other claimed costs in accordance with the procedures set forth inStep 3 of this manual prior to generating a Change Order. All tickets, materialinvoices and other daily or individual supporting documentation shall be itemized on asingle statement clearly summarizing the total costs. If the work governed by theCCD is not completed within one (1) pay application period, the PM/CA may writemore than one Change Order against a specific CCD to allow payment to theContractor for work completed. However, the combined total of the Change Ordersfor completed work can not exceed the original NTE amount established by the CCD.In this case where multiple Change Orders are going to be issued for one individualCCD and a corresponding PCO, each Change Order shall include a cumulativesubtotal for the cost of the CCD to date.If a CCD has been issued to the Contractor for work that the Consultant subsequentlyissues a Proposal Request, the PM/CA shall not transmit the Proposal Request to theContractor for pricing via a Change Order Proposal. After confirming that the workincluded in the Proposal Request is covered by the CCD, the PM/CA and Contractor23080M 090106 PMT
shall continue with the CCD process and file the Proposal Request in the PCO file,which will serve as contemporaneous support to the change order upon completion ofthe CCD.3.2.3 Construction Change Directives: Flowchart F-3.2.324080M 090106 PMT
RFI ResponseorProposal Request30 Days or Earlier if Agreement Obviously can not be ReachedIf C.O. PricingNot Agreed or Negotiatedwithin 30 DaysPM/CADefines Not to Exceed(NTE) AmountNoFunding ?Stop ProcessYesObtain Approvals &Issue CCD onT&M BasisPM/CA to Trackon a Daily Basis & SignAll T&M TicketsIf Work SpansNumerous PayPeriodsContractor PriceT&M TicketsIf Work CompleteWithinOne Pay PeriodDraft CO’sAgainst NTE SumProcess ChangeOrder & Obtain ChangeOrder ApprovalsComplete Checklist& TransmitChange Order4.0 Step 3 – Change Order Processing & Approval25080M 090106 PMT
4.1 Confirm funding availabilityRegardless of the type of change, the PM/CA shall confirm that there are sufficientfunds in place and available for any change modification. If funds are not available,then the PM should STOP the Change Order process and ensure that the work has notbegun4.2 Review of C.O. ProposalUpon receipt of the Change Order Proposal from the Contractor, it is the PM/CA’sresponsibility to review the proposal and the proposal worksheet to ensure that allrequirements are met prior to issuing a Change Order. The PM shall review andconfirm the Accuracy and Reasonableness of the Change Order Pricing. For LumpSum Change Orders not based upon three (3) quotes from different sources, T&M, orunit rates, the following shall be included in the file:Change Order Value: 100,000 - A written statement signed by the CA as to thereasonableness ofthe costs and quantities included in the changeorder 100,000 500,000 - In addition to the above, the file must include adetailed cost estimate for the work included in the change order 500,000 - In addition to above, a third party cost estimate, which maybe obtained from an outside source hired by the construction administrator,for the work included in the change orderThe Change Order Proposal review shall include the following components:4.2.1 Materials & EquipmentMaterials include any substance specified for use in the construction of theproject while equipment is defined as the machinery and equipment togetherwith the necessary supplies for upkeep and maintenance including the toolsand apparatus necessary to maintain the equipment. The PM/CA should have athorough understanding of the change modification in order to identify and26080M 090106 PMT
quantify the material and equipment elements which should be specificallyaddressed in the pricing proposal. The PM/CA should verify the proposedquantities versus the contract documents (plans, drawings and specifications)and ensure that the Change Order Proposal includes all supportingvendor/supplier quotations.The PM/CA should verify unit costs, whenapplicable, by reviewing unit costs for any of the items that are included in theoriginal contract, calling vendors to obtain quotes and/or reviewing previousChange Order Proposals for consistency.Note: No Change Order Proposalshall be negotiated if the request is solely for the escalation of material pricesover those originally carried by the Contractor in its original bid.4.2.1.1 Rental RatesAll equipment purchases and rental rates, if not specified in theContract, should be reviewed and compared against other informationsources such as the Blue Book (rentals) or Green Guide (purchases) tocheck for reasonableness.industrystandardThe Blue Book and Green Guides m. When comparing prices for equipment rentals,the PM/CA shall use the monthly rate, pro rated, as provided by theBlue Book.4.2.1.2 Delivery charges and sales taxesTypically materials which will be physically incorporated and becomea permanent part are exempt from State sales taxes but tools, suppliesand equipment used in fulfilling the construction contract are notexempt. Delivery charges should be reviewed for reasonableness.4.2.1.3 Small ToolsThese include items such as shovels, picks, rakes and power toolswhich are expected to be utilized on a project. Note: These costs shallnot be approved as part of the Direct Cost of a Change Order as theyare included in the Contractor’s overhead mark-up percentage.27080M 090106 PMT
4.2.2 Labor & Related ExpensesThe PM/CA should analyze the types of labor by labor classification/trade(e.g., carpenter, electrician, plumber, etc) and the number of workers and hoursrequired to accomplish a particular change modification. The PM/CA shouldhave a thorough understanding of the changes in the work to determine if thequantity of hours proposed is reasonable and justified. This may require afurther breakdown of the work into identifiable physical segments to determinewhether the contractor’s estimate is based on proper planning and the sounduse of labor with reasonable expectations of efficiency.In addition, allsupporting subcontractor labor estimates should be attached as backup to theChange Order.4.2.2.1 Overtime LaborThe PM/CA should also review the use of overtime labor, which willrequire prior approval by the Director of Project Management ifincluded in the proposal, to determine if it is required by the changemodification.If overtime is required the PM/CA should confirmwhether the entire overtime rate should be applied or only the overtimeportion/premium portion (i.e.: the premium portion only in lieu ofpremium plus base rate). The labor rates by classification and theassociated benefits shall meet all prevailing wage requirements andshall be reviewed by the PM/CA for consistency against the certifiedpayroll reports and previous Change
Sep 01, 2006 · 3.1 Change Order Summary 18 3.1.1 Change Order Proposal 18 3.1.2 Change Order Worksheets 19 3.1.3 Change Order Proposal: Flowchart F-3.1.3 21 3.2 Construction Change Directives 22 3.2.1 CCD Summary 22 3.2.2 CCD Process 22 3.2.3 CCD Process: Flowchart F-3.2.3 24 4.0 Step 3 – Change Order Processing & Approval 25File Size: 622KB
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