Guidelines To Assist In Responding To Attempted Suicide Or .
Guidelines to assist in respondingto attempted suicide or suicide bya student
Published by the Student Wellbeing and Engagement Division,Department of Education and Early Childhood Development,Melbourne February 2013 State of Victoria (Department of Education and EarlyChildhood Development) February 2013The copyright in this document is owned by the State ofVictoria (Department of Education and Early ChildhoodDevelopment), or in the case of some materials, by thirdparties (third party materials). No part may be reproduced byany process except in accordance with the provisions of theCopyright Act 1968 the National Education Access Licence forSchools (NEALS) (see below) or with permission.An educational institution situated in Australia whichis not conducted for profit, or a body responsiblefor administering such an institution, may copy andcommunicate the materials, other than third party materials, forthe educational purposes of the institution.Authorised by the Department of Education and Early ChildhoodDevelopment, 2 Treasury Place, East Melbourne, Victoria,3002. This document is also available on the internet health/Pages/studenthealth.aspxISBN: 978-0-7594-0708-4Acknowledgement:The Department of Education and Early Childhood Developmentacknowledges the work of the South Australian Departmentof Education and Children’s Services in publishing the SuicidePostvention Guidelines, 2010, and thanks the Department forsharing their knowledge.The Department of Education and Early Childhood Developmentalso thanks the Australian Government Department of Healthand Ageing for sharing content from Developing a communityplan for preventing and responding to suicide clusters.The following people have also generously given their time andknowledge:Kerri Bolch, Principal, Berwick Secondary CollegePaul Desmond, Principal, St Francis Xavier CollegeTony Sheumack, Headmaster, Beaconhills College2
Introduction and legal issues4Section A: Immediate response to a suicide by a student7Section B: First 24 hours15Section C: 48-72 hours23Section D: During the first month31Section E: Suicide cluster35Section F: The longer term37Section G: Sample documents and advice for staff41Section H: Definitions49Appendicies52Appendix A: Short term: Return to school safety and support plan53Appendix B: Restoring wellbeing in the school community checklists55Appendix C: Identifying students for referral guidance59Appendix D: Documentation guide60Appendix E: Operational debrief relection guide61Appendix F: Community plan63Guidelines to assist in responding to attempted suicide or suicide by a student3
IntroductionDealing with the tragic loss ofa member of your communitythrough suicide is one of themost difficult issues a schoolcan face.- Quote from a PrincipalSchool leaders, counsellors,wellbeing staff and chaplainsfrom all sectors need to shareinformation and resources andwork together to support thewhole community.- Quote from a Principal4IntroductionA student’s attempted suicide or suicide is a traumatic event for any schoolcommunity.This document is designed to assist school staff in responding to attemptedsuicide or suicide by a student and provides a checklist of the immediate andlonger term steps that should be taken by school staff.The guidelines should be seen as a resource which complements schools’ effortsto promote positive mental health and that supports and reflects schools’ criticalincident management processes. The guidelines are supported by considerableinformation and a policy context that provides school support structures forvulnerable students.The guidelines do acknowledge the risk of suicide contagion and so encouragesthe proactive sharing of appropriate information between schools (regardlessof sector), regions, mental health agencies, local social services agencies, faithorganizations and school communities.The guidelines should be read in sequence and school leaders and emergencyresponse teams should re-familiarise themselves with the information in theguidelines as soon as they are aware of a suicide or attempted suicide.Relevant legislative and legal obligations have been highlighted in the followingsection.
Legal issuesDo not ignorestudent, parent orstaff “rumours” aboutsuicide. Do not ignoresuicide notes/e-mails/messages sent to staffby students. Follow upboth these situationsimmediately.Duty of CareThe Principal and staff at the school have a duty of care to take such measuresas are reasonable in the circumstances to protect the student from risks of injurythat are reasonably foreseeable. Duty of care is non-delegable and may extendbeyond school hours and outside the school grounds.In the case of a student who has displayed suicidal ideation, reasonable stepsmay include the following: a risk assessment should be conducted by an experienced mental healthpractitioner an Individual Management Plan should be developed to monitor, assess,manage, support and review the mental health of the student who hasdisplayed suicidal ideation liaise with other professionals who may be providing assistance to thestudent e.g. psychiatrist, psychologist, medical practitioner provide appropriate supports and referrals to other students and staff whomay be adversely affected by the students display of suicidal ideation identify and manage any other students who may be at risk of suicidalideation, attempted suicide or completed suicide conduct information sessions about mental health and wellbeing for thebenefit of staff, students and the school community.In the case of a student who has attempted suicide, reasonable steps mayinclude the following: a risk assessment should be conducted by an experienced mental healthpractitioner an Individual Management Plan should be developed to monitor, assess,manage and review the mental health of the student who has attemptedsuicide provide appropriate supports and referrals to students and staff who may beadversely affected by the student who has attempted suicide identify and manage any other students who may be at risk of suicidalideation, attempted suicide or completed suicide delivery of information sessions about mental health and suicide to staff,students and the school community.In the case of a student who has completed suicide, reasonable steps mayinclude the following: identify and manage any other students who may be at risk of suicidalideation, attempted suicide or completed suicide provide appropriate supports and referrals are provided to students and staffwho may be adversely affected by the suicide provide information sessions about mental health and suicide to staff,students and the school community.Guidelines to assist in responding to attempted suicide or suicide by a student5
Privacy: Personal and health informationThe collection, use, disclosure and management of “personal information” isgoverned by the Information Privacy Act 2000 (Vic) and the Information PrivacyPrinciples contained within it. Personal information is defined as informationor an opinion that is recorded in any form and whether true or not, about anindividual whose identity is apparent, or can reasonably be ascertained, fromthe information or opinion, but does not include health information. Staff whoare collecting, using, disclosing or managing the personal information of astudent who has displayed suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, or completedsuicide should comply with this Act and the Information Privacy Principlescontained within it.The collection, use, disclosure and management of “health information” isgoverned by the Health Records Act 2001 (Vic) and the Health Privacy Principlescontained within it. Health information is defined to include information or anopinion about the following: the physical, mental or psychological health of an individuala disability of an individualan individual’s expressed wishes about the future provision of health servicesa health service provided, or to be provided to an individual.Staff who are collecting, using, disclosing or managing the health information ofa student who has displayed suicidal ideation, attempted suicide, or completedsuicide should comply with this Act and the Health Privacy Principles containedwithin it.Anti-discrimination and equal opportunityThe Equal Opportunity Act 2010 (Vic) and the Disability Discrimination Act 1992(Cth) make it unlawful for an educational authority to discriminate against astudent on the basis of a disability such as total or partial loss of the person’sbodily or mental functions. Discrimination in this context means being treatedunfairly and disadvantaged because of your disability. Schools are required tomake reasonable adjustments for a person with a disability.Human rights issuesThe Charter of Human Rights and Responsibilities Act 2006 (Vic) is a lawthat protects the human rights of all people in Victoria. Employees of theDepartment have legal responsibilities to ensure that their decision making isconsistent with promoting and respecting rights in the Charter. Students havethe following rights: to enjoy his/her human rights without discrimination to not to have his/her privacy unlawfully and arbitrarily interfered with to such protection as is in his/her best interest and is needed by him/her byreason of being a child.In making a decision to infringe on any of these rights, it is important to be ableto establish that the limitation or restriction is reasonable and demonstrablyjustified.6Legal obligations continued
Section A:Immediate responseGuidelines to assist in responding to attempted suicide or suicide by a student7
A: Immediate response if the attempted suicide, or suicide takes place at school- ensure no one is in immediate danger- administer First Aid- phone 000- supervise students and move them away from the area- quarantine the site until police arrive. if the attempted suicide or suicide takes place outside school- establish the facts and circumstances as soon as possible by makingreasonable enquiries with the parents/guardians, and the local police. in all cases:- ensure that affected staff and students are not left alone until theyhave been provided with some immediate assistance and support tocope with the initial emotional distress- the Principal should contact the regional office for assistance andsupport- the Principal should contact the DEECD Security Services Unit (SSU) on(03) 9589 6266- appropriate departmental staff should ensure that the parents/guardians/next of kin are provided with some immediate assistance tocope with the initial emotional distress- appropriate departmental staff should ensure that all affected staff,students and members of the school community are provided withsome immediate assistance to cope with the initial emotional distress- document all information received and actions taken.Important services and contactsAmbulance: 000Victorian Poisons Information Centre: 13 11 26Safe retrieval and disposal of needles and syringes: 1300 365 482Drug and Alcohol information: 1800 888 23612Section A: Immediate response
Section A:Immediate ResponseIf the attempted suicide, or suicide, takes place atschool, ensure the immediate safety of communitymembers ensure no one is in immediate danger administer First Aid as necessary (avoid contact with blood or other body fluidsby using protective gloves) call emergency services for medical advice, ambulance/police support: Phone 000 report incident to DEECD Security Services Unit (SSU): Phone 9589 6266.Provide the following information:Who? The number and name of persons involvedName of the person reporting the incidentWhat? The nature of the incidentWhen? The time when the reporting person became aware of the incidentWhere? The location of the incident and contact phone numbers move witnesses to pre-established safe locations. They must be supported andsupervised by staff/counsellors until police have taken statements or advised otheractions. isolate the site from student or unauthorised staff access by using screens andblocking corridors etc. Do everything possible to protect others from viewing the sitewithout disturbing the area that the police will need to inspect. Do not remove ordisturb items from the site until police have concluded their work and advised thatthe area is no longer a secured area. In the case of a suicide the police will arrangefor the body to be taken to the mortuary. depending on the means of the attempted or completed suicide, consider makingchanges to the environment or access to materials. if the student has attempted suicide but is physically unharmed, it is important that arisk assessment is undertaken by an experienced mental health practitioner. Contactthe local Hospital Emergency Department or a local mental health agency for advice.If the attempted suicide, or suicide, takes placeoutside school, find out the facts do not ignore student, parent or staff “rumours” about suicide. Do not ignoresuicide notes/e-mails/messages sent to staff by students. Follow up both thesesituations immediately. if, after following up on notes or rumours, a student is found safe in the school,organise a school welfare staff member or a counsellor to meet with them straightaway to assess their wellbeing and the background to the suicide concern. In mostcases it will be essential to share this information with the student’s parents and referthe young person to a mental health provider if one is not already involved. if the student cannot be located at school, make contact with the familyimmediately. If the parents are unaware of the student’s whereabouts andsafety, contact the police. suicide reports made by people other than direct family members should beverified through the police, hospital staff or, with extreme sensitivity, the family.Guidelines to assist in responding to attempted suicide or suicide by a student13
The loss of a young life is alwaystragic. The range of emotionsand reactions to loss of life areunpredictable and the depth ofgrieving not always immediate.If a suicide report is made or confirmed bythe family- Quote from a Principal these guidelines the damaging impact of misinformation the importance of parents discussing how best to support their ownchildren’s grief the option of only naming their son/daughter to their peer group and referringanonymously to their son/daughter with the rest of the school population.It is appropriate to seek the family’s feelings straight away about informing theschool community of the attempted or completed suicide. If the family asks foradvice it is appropriate to discuss:Ensure that affected students, parents and staffare not left aloneExposure to suicide or attempted suicide is a traumatic experience. Staff,students and parents immediately affected by a suicide or attempted suicideshould not be left alone but should be comforted and supported by others untilfamily members can take over that care. Safe and secure environments wherethis kind of crisis support can be provided to staff and students should beidentified in the school’s Emergency Management Plan (EMP).14Section A: Immediate response
Section B: First 24 hoursGuidelines to assist in responding to attempted suicide or suicide by a student15
B: In the first 24 Hours contact the parents/guardians to check their health and wellbeing andinquire whether there is anything that the Department can do to assist the school Principal convenes an Incident Management Team (IMT) andplans the following steps:- who will be responsible for providing information to the students andthe school community- who will be responsible for the ongoing liaison with the parents/guardians- who will be responsible for the ongoing liaison with police, mentalhealth professions and other third parties- who will be responsible for managing all incoming and outgoinginformation and communication (including sympathy cards, mediainterest)- identification and planning support for, and additional supervision of,students who are at risk or vulnerable- identification and planning support for any staff who may be affectedby the suicide or at risk or vulnerable- preparation of the information and written communication to beprovided to students, staff and the school community- identification of appropriate departmental staff for the school staff toapproach for additional assistance and support as required- identification of appropriate departmental staff for the students toapproach for additional assistance and support as required inform on-site staff of the suicide and the support and assistanceavailable to staff including free counselling and assistance from theDEECD Employee Assistance Program (EAP) – Phone: 1800 337 068 –and explain the immediate plans for managing the situation. This is anopportunity to convey and seek relevant information provide staff with information on how to offer support, how to managediscussion about suicide, signs to watch out for and information on grief(samples and links provided in Section F), sources of support they canaccess for themselves and the option of not being involved in supportingstudents or discussing the incident with students if they feel this will risktheir own wellbeing display relevant information about roles and special procedures in thestaff room ensure all adults who will have contact with students in the following24 hours are briefed: regular bus drivers, sports coaches, canteen staff,school support staff, Casual Relief Teachers, Out of School Hours Carestaff, tutors etc. inform students of the suicide, via a prepared script, and in small groupsrather than as a whole school community inform the wider school community via prepared letter (See SectionG) Contact the Department’s Media Unit if assistance with media requestsfor information is required. The DEECD Media Unit can be contacted 24hours, seven days a week. Phone: 9637 2871 consider the influence of social media sites consider the flexible timetable scheduling of classes and meetings.16Section B: First 24 hours
Section B: First 24 hoursThis flowchart has been prepared by the Department’s EmergencyManagement Division as a guide for immediate contacts to be madein the first 24 hours following a critical incidentEnsure the safety of all concernedIf required call OOO for police or medical assistanceContact parents/carers of students involved unlesscircumstances indicate that this should not occurThe region is your beforeand after hours contact foradvice and support.Each region has dedicatedEmergency Management (EM) Coordinator available24 hours/7 days.Your region’s EM Coordinatormay contact you uponreceipt of a notification ofthe incident from the SSUReport the incident to the Security Services Unit (SSU) on9589 6266Contact your regionImplement response proceduresDate, time, place, names ofpersons involvedContent of discussions andaccount of the eventYour region and theEmergency ManagementDivision (EMD) will receivenotification of the incidentvia email or SMSDocument the incident and actions undertakenResponse proceduresinclude you contactingStudent SupportOfficers (SSSO’s), oron advice from theregion requestingassistance fromother DEECD staf orexternal agencies (e.g.Child and AdolescentMental Health Services(CAMHS/CYMHS andheadspace SchoolSupport)Guidelines to assist in responding to attempted suicide or suicide by a student17
The school’s response,recovery andpostvention work willbe helped if everyoneis kept informed of theIMT’s work, knowingwho they need to speakto and about what.Convene Incident Management Team (IMT)After a suicide or attempted suicide many actions need to be coordinated in avery short space of time. However, unlike other kinds of emergencies, suicidepostvention – the work undertaken to limit and prevent harm to the student andothers – also needs to
Guidelines to assist in responding to attempted suicide or suicide by a student 3 Introduction and legal issues 4 Section A: Immediate response to a suicide by a student 7 Section B: First 24 hours 15 Section C: 48-72 hours 23 Section D: During the first month 31 Section E: Suicide cluster 35 Section F: The longer term 37 Section G: Sample documents and advice for staff 41
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