1 Dolly Varden Arctic Char In Northern Alaska

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1Dolly Varden&Arctic CharinNorthern AlaskaDolly Varden & Arctic CharDistribution for Alaska and Chukotsk Peninsula

2What is a char?Char are members of the family Salmonidae and thegenus Salvelinus.The family Salmonidae includes all the salmonid fishes:Genus: Oncorhynchusrainbow trout, Pacific salmon,cutthroat troutGenus: CoregonuswhitefishGenus: ThymallusgraylingGenus: Salmobrown trout, Atlantic salmonGenus: SalvelinusDolly Varden, Arctic char,lake trout, bull trout,brook trout

3In Alaska, species of char include:Dolly VardenSalvelinus malmaArctic CharSalvelinus alpinusLake TroutSalvelinus namaycushBull TroutSalvelinus confluentusBrook TroutSalvelinus fontinalis(introduced in Southeast Alaska)Illustrations by Joseph R. Tomelleri

4How is a char different from any other salmonid?Char are distinguished from other salmonidfishes by having light spots on a dark background and by the lack ofteeth on the shaft of the vomer (upper palate).CharsLight spots/dark backgroundOther SalmonidsDark spots/light background

5What is in a fish’s name?Within the scientific community, the first person to formally describe a fishearns the right to name the fish.No one has ever seena fish like you before!You are gray & purple& have large lips.You have 3 rays in yourdorsal fin and youlack anal & ventral finsI will name you,Finus missingus.That fish and others like it from the same location become the“type specimen” to which scientists compare similar fish from other locationsto determine if they are the same species or a different species.On my last expedition, I founda fish that was gray & purple,had large lips, 3 dorsal fin rays,and lacked anal & ventral fins.It must have beenFinus missingus.

6Who named Arctic char & Dolly Varden?In 1758, Carlolus Linnaeus, a Swedish naturalist, was the first to describeArctic char from an alpine lake in northern Swedish Lapland.Linnaeus named the fish Salvelinus alpinus, or alpine char.The common name for this species is Arctic char.All other fish that are similar to this “type specimen” are also called Arctic char.Dolly Varden, Salvelinus malma, was first described from Kamchatka in theRussian Far East by Johann Walbaum in 1792. Since then, the char from thisarea have been the “type specimen” for this species.The common name, Dolly Varden, originated in western North America in 1872when colorful spawning char from the upper McCloud River in NorthernCalifornia were declared to be “regular Dolly Varden,” after a Charles Dickenscharacter in the novel Barnaby Rudge, known for her rosy complexion andcolorful costume.

7Life History Differences between Dolly Varden andArctic Char in Northern AlaskaIn northern Alaska, all known populations of Arctic char are lake resident(spend their entire lives in lakes). In northeastern and northcentralNorth America, northern Europe and Asia, some populations of Arctic charare lake resident, while other populations are anadromous (spawn infresh water, but spend time feeding in salt water). In Alaska, Arctic charlive in lakes of the Brooks Range, the Seward Peninsula, the Alaska Range,and the Kuskokwim Mountains. Arctic char in northern Alaska, spawn,overwinter and reside in lakes. Anadromous Arctic char in mostother areas feed at sea, but spawn and overwinter in freshwater lakes.LakeRiverArctic CharDolly VardenDolly VardenDolly Varden are a Pacific basin species. In northern Alaska theyoccur in lake resident, stream resident, and anadromous populations.Their distribution includes the entire coastline and most of the riversin western Alaska and across the North Slope to and including, theMackenzie River.Their range may extend farther east in Canada. Recently, Dolly Vardenhave been described from the Coppermine and Tree rivers of the centralCanadian Arctic. In northern Alaska, anadromous Dolly Varden spawn andoverwinter in rivers. All known anadromous populations of char innorthern Alaska are Dolly Varden.

8Other Differences between Arctic Char andDolly Varden of AlaskaArctic charNarrower caudal peduncleMore fork in tailLarger spots (in general)Wider caudal peduncleLess fork in tailSmaller spots (in general)Dolly Varden

Another Difference9Spawning male Arctic char develop a small kype (hook) ontheir lower jaw, while the kype of spawning male Dolly Varden is large.Arctic charDolly Varden

10Spawning ColorsSpawning Arctic char are usually gold, orange, yellow or roseand only infrequently red.Spawning Dolly Varden are usually red or pinkon the lower abdomen with bright red spots.

11AT A GLANCEDifferences between Arctic Char &Dolly Varden of Northern AlaskaDolly VardenArctic charNorthern AlaskanARCTIC CHARNorthern AlaskanDOLLY VARDENLake residentAnadromous, lake or stream residentSmall kype in spawning malesLarge kype in spawning malesLarger spotsSmaller spotsDeeply forked tailNot much fork to the tailNarrow caudal peduncleWide caudal peduncleSpawn in lakesSpawn in riversGill rakers short and bluntGill rakers long and narrow23 to 30 gill rakers16 to 23 gill rakers40 to 50 pyloric caeca21 to 30 pyloric caeca

12Some internal differences betweenArctic char & Dolly Varden:Arctic char have more gill rakers (bony projections on the gill arches)and more pyloric caeca (finger-like projections on the stomach)than Dolly Varden.Upper gill archGill coverGill rakersGill filamentGill rakersEsophagusLower gill archanusStomachIntestinePyloric caecaGill rakers in Arctic char from Alaska are short and blunt and oftenbent at the end,while those in Dolly Varden are long and straight.Gill RakersArctic charDolly Varden

13Dolly Varden

14Arctic char - non-spawning femaleDolly Varden - non-spawning femaleDolly Varden - spawning maleArctic char - spawning male

15Arctic char

when colorful spawning char from the upper McCloud River in Northern California were declared to be “regular Dolly Varden,” after a Charles Dickens character in the novel Barnaby Rudge, known for her rosy complexion and c

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