Cellular Respiration: (2 Kinds—Aerobic And Anaerobic)

Cellular Respiration: (2 kinds—Aerobic and Anaerobic) Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy ofglucose is released in the cell to be used for life processes(movement, breathing, blood circulation, etc )

Cells require a constant source of energy for life processes butkeep only a small amount of ATP on hand. Cells can regenerateATP as needed by using the energy stored in foods like glucose. The energy stored in glucose by photosynthesis is released bycellular respiration and repackaged into the energy of ATP.

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Respiration occurs in ALL cells and can take placeeither with or without oxygen present.

Aerobic Respiration: requires oxygen Occurs in the mitochondria of the cell Total of 36 ATP molecules produced General formula for aerobic respiration:C6H12O6 6O26 CO2 6H2O 36 ATPglucose oxygencarbon dioxide water energyHuman cells contain aspecialized structure – themitochondrion – thatgenerates energy.

Aerobic Cellular Respiration Occurs in theMitochondria Cristae‐ folding of the inner membrane Matrix‐ “cytosol” similar to cytoplasm

DiagramElectrons carried in NADHMitochondriaIn ried inNADH andFADH2ElectronTransport Chain32

Summary:3 steps: 1st Glycolysis2nd Krebs cycle3rd Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Step 1: GlycolysisC6H12O6 6O2 Æ 6CO2 6H20 ATP Glycolysis‐ split glucose(sugar) Occurs in cytosol(cytoplasm) Reactants Use 2 ATP to split glucose intopyruvate Rearrange resultingcompounds Products 4 ATP & pyruvate 4 ATP‐2 ATP 2 NET ATP

Step 2: The Krebs CycleC6H12O6 6O2 Æ 6CO2 6H20 ATP Occurs in the matrix 1st Reactant: Pyruvate 1st Products: CO2, NADH,acetyl CoA 2nd Reactant: Acetyl CoAbegins Krebs cycle 2nd Products: CO2, NADH,(2)ATP, and FADH2 NADH & FADH2 used in laststep of respiration (electrontransport chain)

Step 3: Electron Transport ChainC6H12O6 6O2 Æ 6CO2 6H20 ATP Occurs in the inner membraneof the mitochondria Reactants: FADH & NADHelectrons Electrons move down chain ofelectron carriers (innermembrane) Enzyme at end uses electrons toconvert to water Oxygen final electron acceptor‐what makes so much energy Product: 32 ATP

Anaerobic Respiration:occurs when no oxygen isavailable to the cell (2 kinds: Alcoholic and Lactic Acid) Also called fermentation Much less ATP produced than in aerobic respiration

Alcoholic fermentation—occurs in bacteria andyeastProcess used in the baking and brewingindustry—yeast produces CO2 gas duringfermentation to make dough rise and give breadits holesglucoseethyl alcohol carbon dioxide 2 ATP

Lactic acid fermentation—occurs in muscle cellsLactic acid is produced in the muscles during rapid exercisewhen the body cannot supply enough oxygen to the tissues—causes burning sensation in musclesglucoselactic acid carbon dioxide 2 ATP

The first step in anaerobic respiration is also glycolysisDiagramAnaerobic RespirationCytoplasmC6H12O6glucoseAlcoholic fermentationBacteria, Yeast 2 ATPglycolysisLactic acid fermentationMuscle cells2 ATPAerobic Respiration36 ATPKrebsCycleETCMitochondria

PhotosynthesisCellular RespirationStagesLight ReactionDark ReactionGlycolysisKrebs CycleElectron Transport ChainEnergyLight (red & blue)Glucose, ATPMaterials Used(Reactants)CO2 H2OC6H12O6, O2, H20Materials Produced(Products)C6H12O6, O2, H20Aerobic- ATP, H20, CO2Anaerobic- ATP, H20, CO2,lactic acid or alcoholTime FrameAll the timeLight: day timeDark any timeAll the GlucoseATPAll life processes

Cellular Respiration: (2 kinds—Aerobic and Anaerobic) Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy of glucoseis released in the cell to be used for life