IEEE Recommended Practice For Electric Power Systems In .
Recognized as an American National Standard (ANSI)IEEE Std 241-1990(Revision of IEEE Std 241-1983)IEEE Recommended Practice for ElectricPower Systems in Commercial BuildingsSponsorPower Systems Engineering Committeeof theIEEE Industry Applications SocietyApproved December 6, 1990IEEE Standards BoardApproved May 17, 1991American National Standards InstituteAbstract: A guide and general reference on electrical design for commercial buildings is provided. It coversload characteristics; voltage considerations; power sources and distribution apparatus; controllers;services, vaults, and electrical equipment rooms; wiring systems; systems protection and coordination;lighting; electric space conditioning; transportation; communication systems planning; facility automation;expansion, modernization, and rehabilitation; special requirements by occupancy; and electrical energymanagement. Although directed to the power oriented engineer with limited commercial buildingexperience, it can be an aid to all engineers responsible for the electrical design of commercial buildings.This recommended practice is not intended to be a complete handbook; however, it can direct the engineerto texts, periodicals, and references for commercial buildings and act as a guide through the myriad ofcodes, standards, and practices published by the IEEE, other professional associations, and governmentalbodies.Keywords: Commercial buildings, electric power systems, load characteristics
CLAUSE1.PAGEIntroduction .11.1 Scope . 11.2 Commercial Buildings . 31.3 The Industry Applications Society (IAS). 41.4 IEEE Publications . 51.5 Professional Registration . 51.6 Codes and Standards . 61.7 Handbooks . 81.8 Periodicals . 91.9 Manufacturers' Data . 101.10 Safety . 101.11 Maintenance . 111.12 Design Considerations . 121.13 Estimating . 151.14 Contracts . 161.15 Building Access and Loading . 161.16 Contractor Performance . 161.17 Environmental Considerations . 171.18 Technical Files . 171.19 Electronic Systems . 181.20 Power Supply Disturbances . 181.21 Definitions. 191.22 References . 242.Load Characteristics.252.12.22.32.42.52.62.73.General Discussion . 25Load Characteristics. 31Electromagnetic Hazards, Pollution, and Environmental Quality . 40Additions to Existing Systems . 41Total Load Considerations . 42Example Ñ Sample Partial Load Calculation for an Office Building. 46References . 49Voltage Considerations .503.1 General Discussion . 503.2 Voltage Control in Electric Power Systems. 543.3 Voltage Selection . 633.4 Voltage Ratings for Utilization Equipment . 653.5 Effect of Voltage Variation on Utilization Equipment . 663.6 Calculation of Voltage Drops . 703.7 Improvement of Voltage Conditions. 823.8 Voltage-Drop Considerations in Locating the Low-Voltage Power Source. 833.9 Momentary Voltage Variations Ñ Voltage Dips. 833.10 Calculation of Voltage Dips. 853.11 Phase Voltage Unbalance in Three-Phase Systems . 873.12 Harmonic Voltages . 913.13 Transient Overvoltages . 933.14 References . 943.15 Bibliography. 95vii
CLAUSE4.PAGEPower Sources and Distribution Systems .954.1 General Discussion . 954.2 Electric Power Supply. 954.3 Interrelated Utility and Project Factors That Influence Design . 1014.4 Electric Utility Metering and Billing . 1024.5 Transformer Connections. 1074.6 Principal Transformer Secondary Connections . 1084.7 System Grounding. 1094.8 Distribution Circuit Arrangements. 1114.9 Emergency and Standby Power Systems . 1244.10 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Systems . 1304.11 Voltage Regulation and Power Factor Correction . 1444.12 System Reliability Analysis . 1444.13 References . 1455.Power Distribution Apparatus.1475.1 General Discussion . 1475.2 Transformers . 1485.3 Medium- and High-Voltage Fuses . 1575.4 Metal-Enclosed 5-34.5 kV Interrupter Switchgear . 1625.5 Metal-Clad 5-34.5 kV Circuit Breaker Switchgear. 1635.6 Metal-Enclosed, Low-Voltage 600 V Power Switchgear and Circuit Breakers. 1655.7 Metal-Enclosed Distribution Switchboards . 1675.8 Primary-Unit Substations . 1685.9 Secondary-Unit Substations . 1685.10 Panelboards . 1695.11 Molded-Case Circuit Breakers. 1715.12 Low-Voltage Fuses . 1725.13 Service Protectors . 1765.14 Enclosed Switches. 1765.15 Bolted Pressure Switches and High-Pressure Contact Switches. 1775.16 Network Protectors . 1785.17 Lightning and System Transient Protection. 1795.18 Load Transfer Devices . 1815.19 Interlock Systems . 1855.20 Remote Control Contactors. 1855.21 Equipment Ratings . 1885.22 References . 1885.23 Bibliography. al Discussion . 191Starting . 192Protection . 197Special Features . 200Control Systems . 201Low-Voltage Starters and Controllers . 204Multiple-Speed Controllers. 206
CLAUSEPAGE6.8 Fire Pump Controllers . 2076.9 Medium-Voltage Starters and Controllers . 2076.10 Synchronous Motor Starters. 2086.11 DC Motor Controls . 2086.12 Pilot Devices . 2086.13 Speed Control of DC Motors . 2116.14 Speed Control of AC Motors . 2126.15 Power System Harmonics from Adjustable Speed Motor Controls. 2136.16 References . 2137.Services, Vaults, and Electrical Equipment Rooms.2137.17.27.37.47.57.68.Incoming Lines and Service Laterals. 213Service Entrance Installations . 217Vaults and Pads for Service Equipment. 223Network Vaults for High-Rise Buildings. 224Service Rooms and Electrical Closets . 227References . 228Wiring Systems .2288.1 Introduction . 2288.2 Cable Systems . 2288.3 Cable Construction. 2298.4 Cable Outer Finishes . 2398.5 Cable Ratings . 2438.6 Installation. 2498.7 Connectors . 2568.8 Terminations . 2608.9 Splicing Devices and Techniques . 2688.10 Grounding of Cable Systems . 2718.11 Protection from Transient Overvoltage. 2728.12 Testing. 2728.
IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Systems in Commercial Buildings 1. Introduction 1.1 Scope IEEE Std 241-1990, IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Systems in Commercial Buildings, commonly known as the ÒGray BookÓ is published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) to provide a
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Marion Fanny Harris b: Coimbatore, India d: 26 July 1946 m: 4 November 1891 Eleanor Maud Gurney b: 1871 d: 1916 David Sutherland Michell b: 22 July 1865 Cohinoor, Madras, India d: 14 May 1957 Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada Charlotte Griffiths Hunter b: 1857 d: 1946 m: 6 August 1917 Winnipeg, Canada Dorothy Mary Michell b: 1892 Cont. p. 10 Humphrey George Berkeley Michell b: 1 October 1894 .
