Cambridge English First - 國立臺灣大學
Cambridge EnglishFirstHandbook for Teachers UCLES 2014CE/2388/4Y04
CONTENTSPrefaceThis handbook is for teachers who are preparing candidates for Cambridge English: First, also known as First Certificate in English (FCE). Theintroduction gives an overview of the exam and its place within the range of Cambridge English exams. This is followed by a focus on eachpaper and includes content, advice on preparation and example papers.If you need further copies of this handbook, please email marketingsupport@cambridgeenglish.orgContentsAbout Cambridge English Language Assessment 2Writing 27The world’s most valuable range of English qualifications 2General description 27Key features of Cambridge English exams 2Structure and tasks 27Proven quality 2The two parts of the Writing paper 28Cambridge English: First – an overview 3Who is the exam for? 3Who recognises the exam? 3What level is the exam? 3Exam content and processing 3A thorough test of all areas of language ability 3International English 4Marks and results 4Certificates 4Exam support 5Support for teachers 5Support for candidates 5Preparation 28Sample paper 1 31Assessment of Writing 32Sample scripts with examiner comments 36Sample paper 2 42Sample scripts with examiner comments 43Candidate answer sheet 49Listening 51General description 51Structure and tasks 51The four parts of the Listening paper 52Preparation 52Sample paper 1 54Reading and Use of English 7Answer key 61General description 7Sample paper 2 62Structure and tasks 7Answer key 69The seven parts of the Reading and Use of English paper 8Candidate answer sheet 70Preparation 9Speaking 71Sample paper 1 12Answer key 18Sample paper 2 19Answer key 25Candidate answer sheet 26General description 71Structure and tasks 71The four parts of the Speaking test 72Preparation 72Sample paper 1 75Sample paper 2 78Assessment of Speaking 81Cambridge English: First glossary 86CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: FIRST HANDBOOK FOR TEACHERS1
ABOUT CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH LANGUAGE ASSESSMENTAbout Cambridge EnglishLanguage AssessmentCambridge English: First is developed by Cambridge English LanguageAssessment, part of the University of Cambridge.We are one of three major exam boards which form the CambridgeAssessment Group (Cambridge Assessment). More than 8 millionCambridge Assessment exams are taken in over 160 countriesaround the world every year.To find out more about Cambridge English exams and the CEFR, go towww.cambridgeenglish.org/cefrOne of the oldest universities in the worldand one of the largest in the United KingdomDepartments of the UniversityIn addition to our own programmes of world-leading research, wework closely with professional bodies, industry professionals andgovernments to ensure that our exams remain fair and relevant tocandidates of all backgrounds and to a wide range of stakeholders.Key features of Cambridge English examsCambridge English exams: Cambridge Assessment: the trading name for theUniversity of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES) Departments (exam boards)Cambridge English LanguageAssessmentProvider of the world’s mostvaluable range of qualifications forlearners and teachers of EnglishCambridge InternationalExaminationsThe world’s largest provider ofinternational education programmesand qualifications for 5 to 19 year oldsOCR: Oxford Cambridge and RSAExaminationsOxford Cambridge and RSAOne of the UK’s leading providersof qualificationsThe world’s most valuable range of EnglishqualificationsCambridge English Language Assessment offers the world’s leadingrange of qualifications for learners and teachers of English. Over4 million people take our exams each year in 130 countries.We offer assessments across the full spectrum of language ability.We provide examinations for general communication, for professionaland academic purposes, and also specialist legal and financial Englishqualifications. All of our exams are aligned to the principles andapproach of the Common European Framework of Reference forLanguages (CEFR).2CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: FIRST HANDBOOK FOR TEACHERS are based on realistic tasks and situations so that preparing fortheir exam gives learners real-life language skillsaccurately and consistently test all four language skills – reading,writing, listening and speaking – as well as knowledge of languagestructure and its useencourage positive learning experiences, and seek to achieve apositive impact on teaching wherever possibleare as fair as possible to all candidates, whatever their national,ethnic and linguistic background, gender or disability.Proven qualityOur commitment to providing exams of the highest possible quality isunderpinned by an extensive programme of research and evaluation,and by continuous monitoring of the marking and grading of allCambridge English exams. Of particular importance are the rigorousprocedures which are used in the production and pretesting ofquestion papers.All our systems and processes for designing, developing anddelivering exams and assessment services are certified as meetingthe internationally recognised ISO9001:2008 standard for qualitymanagement and are designed around five essential principles:Validity – are our exams an authentic test of real-life English?Reliability – do our exams behave consistently and fairly?Impact – does our assessment have a positive effect on teachingand learning?Practicality – does our assessment meet learners’ needs withinavailable resources?Quality – how we plan, deliver and check that we provideexcellence in all of these fields.How these qualities are brought together is outlined in ourpublication Principles of Good Practice, which can be downloaded freefrom www.cambridgeenglish.org/principles
CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: FIRST – AN OVERVIEWCambridge English: First –an overviewCambridge English: First was originally offered in 1939 and is aqualification at upper-intermediate level that is officially recognisedby universities, employers and governments around the world.Regular updating has allowed the examination to keep pace withchanges in language teaching and testing while ensuring the examremains reliable, relevant and user friendly for candidates. A majorrevision took place in 2008, and the exam has been comprehensivelyrevised again for 2015.Candidates can choose to take Cambridge English: First as either apaper-based or a computer-based exam.Examples of Can Do statements at Level B2TypicalabilitiesReading and WritingListening and SpeakingOverallgeneralabilityCAN scan texts for relevant information.CAN follow a talk on a familiartopic.Social &TouristCAN read the media for informationquickly and with good understanding.CAN express opinions and give reasons. start working in an English-speaking environmentstudy at an upper intermediate level, such as foundation orpathway courseslive independently in an English-speaking country.Who recognises the exam? Cambridge English: First is a truly international exam,recognised by thousands of employers as a qualification inupper‑intermediate English. Overall, Cambridge English examsare recognised by 15,000 institutions and employers.It is also accepted by a wide range of educational institutions forstudy purposes.The exam has been accredited by Ofqual, the statutoryregulatory authority for external qualifications in England and itscounterparts in Wales and Northern Ireland.It meets the UK Home Office language requirements for Tier 1, 2,4 and Spouse visa applications*.*All information accurate as of January 2014. Check the latestrequirements at www.ukba.homeoffice.gov.ukFor more information about recognition go towww.cambridgeenglish.org/recognitionWhat level is the exam?Cambridge English: First is targeted at Level B2 on the CEFR scale.Level B2 is required in everyday written and spoken situationsand achieving a certificate at this level proves that a candidate isbecoming skilled in English.What can candidates do at Level B2?The Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE) has carriedout research to determine what language learners can typically do ateach CEFR level. It has described these abilities in a series of Can Dostatements using examples taken from real-life situations.Cambridge English Language Assessment, as one of the foundingmembers of ALTE, uses this framework as a way of ensuring itsexams reflect real-life language skills.CAN keep up a conversation on afairly wide range of topics.CAN ask for clarification andfurther information, and is likelyto understand the answer.CAN keep up a conversation on afairly wide range of topics.WorkCAN understand the general meaning of CAN ask for factual informationnon-routine letters and understand most and understand the answer.of the content.CAN express own opinion, andexpress arguments to a limitedCAN write a simple report of a factualnature and begin to evaluate, advise, etc. extent.StudyCAN make simple notes that are ofreasonable use for essay or revisionpurposes, capturing the most importantpoints.Who is the exam for?Cambridge English: First is aimed at learners who want to:CAN make notes while someone istalking, or write a letter including nonstandard requests.CAN answer predictable orfactual questions.CAN check that all instructionsare understood.CAN present arguments, using a limitedrange of expression (vocabulary,grammatical structures).Exam content and processingCambridge English: First is a rigorous and thorough test of English atLevel B2. It covers all four language skills – reading, writing, listeningand speaking – and includes a fifth element focusing on the candidate’sunderstanding of the structure of the language. Preparing for CambridgeEnglish: First helps candidates develop the skills they need to useEnglish to communicate effectively in a variety of practical contexts.A thorough test of all areas of language abilityThere are four papers: Reading and Use of English, Writing, Listeningand Speaking. The Reading and Use of English paper carries 40% ofthe marks, while Writing, Listening and Speaking each carry 20%of the marks. Detailed information on each test and sample papersfollow later in this handbook but the overall focus of each test is asfollows:Reading and Use of English: 1 hour 15 minutesCandidates need to be able to understand texts from publications such as fiction andnon-fiction books, journals, newspapers and magazines.Writing: 1 hour 20 minutesCandidates have to show that they can produce two different pieces of writing:a compulsory task in Part 1, and one from a choice of three in Part 2.Listening: 40 minutes (approximately)Candidates need to show they can understand the meaning of a range of spoken material,including lectures, radio broadcasts, speeches and talks.Speaking: 14 minutesCandidates take the Speaking test with another candidate or in a group of three, and aretested on their ability to take part in different types of interaction: with the examiner, withthe other candidate and by themselves.CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: FIRST HANDBOOK FOR TEACHERS3
EXAM CONTENT AND PROCESSINGEach of these four test components provides a unique contribution toa profile of overall communicative language ability that defines what acandidate can do at this level. International English English is used in a wide range of international contexts. To reflectthis, candidates’ responses to tasks in Cambridge English exams areacceptable in all varieties and accents of English, provided they donot interfere with communication. Materials used feature a range ofaccents and texts from English-speaking countries, including the UK,North America and Australia. US and other versions of spelling areaccepted if used consistently.Marks and resultsGrade ACandidates sometimes show ability beyond Level B2. If a candidateachieves a grade A in their exam, they will receive the First Certificatein English stating that they demonstrated ability at Level C1.Grade B or CIf a candidate achieves grade B or C in their exam, they will beawarded the First Certificate in English at Level B2.CEFR Level B1If a candidate’s performance is below Level B2, but falls within LevelB1, they will receive a Cambridge English certificate stating that theydemonstrated ability at Level B1.Statements of ResultsThe Statement of Results contains: a score on the Cambridge English Scale (shown below) for thecandidate’s performance in each of the four skills (Reading,Writing, Listening and Speaking) and Use of EnglishCommon EuropeanFramework ofReference 30Proficient user220C2210200C1190Grade AIndependent user180B2170Grade BGrade C160B1150Level B1Basic user140A2130120A1110100BelowA190804CertificatesThe certificate contains: Cambridge English: First gives detailed, meaningful results. Allcandidates receive a Statement of Results. Candidates whoseperformance ranges between CEFR Levels B1 and C1 will also receivea certificate.CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: FIRST HANDBOOK FOR TEACHERSa score on the Cambridge English Scale for the candidate’sperformance in the overall exam. This overall score is the averageof the separate scores given for each of the four skills and Use ofEnglishthe candidate’s grade. This grade is based on the overall scoreachieved by the candidate.the candidate’s gradethe candidate’s overall score on the Cambridge English Scalethe candidate’s level on the Common European Framework ofReference (CEFR)the candidate’s level on the UK National QualificationsFramework (NQF).Special circumstancesCambridge English exams are designed to be fair to all test takers.This commitment to fairness covers: Special arrangementsThese are available for candidates with a permanent or long-termdisability. Consult the Centre Exams Manager (CEM) in your areafor more details as soon as you become aware of a candidatewho may need special arrangements.Special considerationWe will give special consideration to candidates affectedby adverse circumstances such as illness or bereavementimmediately before or during an exam. Applications for specialconsideration must be made through the centre no later than10 working days after the exam date.MalpracticeWe will investigate all cases where candidates are suspected ofcopying, collusion or breaking the exam regulations in some otherway. Results may be withheld while they are being investigated,or because we have found an infringement of regulations. Centresare notified if a candidate’s results have been investigated.For more information about special circumstances go towww.cambridgeenglish.org/help
EXAM SUPPORTExam supportSupport for candidatesCambridge English websiteOfficial Cambridge English exam preparation materialsTo support teachers and help learners prepare for their exams,Cambridge English Language Assessment and Cambridge UniversityPress have developed a range of official support materials includingcoursebooks and practice tests. These official materials are availablein both print and digital formats.We provide learners with a wealth of exam resources and preparationmaterials throughout our main website, including exam advice,sample papers and a guide for glish.org/prepareSupport for teachersTeaching Support websiteThis website provides an invaluable, user-friendly, free resource for allteachers preparing for our exams. It includes:General information – handbooks for teachers and samplepapersDetailed information – format, timing, number of questions, tasktypes, mark scheme of each paperAdvice for teachers – developing students’ skills and preparingthem for the examDownloadable lessons – a lesson for every part of every paperTeaching qualifications – the whole range of Cambridge EnglishTeaching QualificationsSeminars and webinars – a wide range of exam-specific seminarsand live and recorded webinars for new and experienced teachersExam update information – detailed information about the 2015update to the ookStudents can also join our active Facebook community to get tips onEnglish language learning and take part in fun and topical quizzes.www.facebook.com/CambridgeEnglishExam sessionsCambridge English: First is available as a paper-based or computerbased test. Candidates must be entered through an authorisedCambridge English Language Assessment examination centre. Findyour nearest centre at www.cambridgeenglish.org/centresearchFurther informationContact your local authorised exam centre, or our helpdesk(www.cambridgeenglish.org/help) for: copies of the regulationsdetails of entry procedureexam datescurrent feesmore information about Cambridge English: First and otherCambridge English exams.Cambridge English TeacherCambridge English Teacher is the professional membershipthat supports teaching excellence. It offers teachers continuousprofessional development that is both reliable and convenient.It includes online courses, access to ELT experts and otherprofessionals, sharing best practice and networking. Everything isonline, so is available anytime, anywhere. Cambridge English Teacheris provided by Cambridge University Press and Cambridge EnglishLanguage Assessment, world leaders in English language teachingand assessment. Join as a teacher, or find out about InstitutionalMembership at www.CambridgeEnglishTeacher.orgCAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: FIRST HANDBOOK FOR TEACHERS5
6CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: FIRST HANDBOOK FOR TEACHERS
Reading and Use of EnglishGeneral descriptionThe paper contains seven parts. ForParts 1 to 3, the test contains textswith accompanying grammar andvocabulary tasks. Part 4 consistsof separate items with a grammarand vocabulary focus. For Parts 5to 7, the test contains a range oftexts and accompanying readingcomprehension tasks.FORMATStructure and tasks (cont.)PART 3TASK TYPEFOCUSFORMATTIMING1 hour 15 minutesNO. OF QSNO. OF PARTS7NO. OF QUESTIONS52PART 4TASK TYPESMultiple-choice cloze, opencloze, word formation, key wordtransformation, multiple choice,gapped text, multiple matching.WORD COUNT2,200–2,500MARKSParts 1–3 – each correct answerreceives 1 mark; Part 4 – each correctanswer receives up to 2 marks.For Parts 5–6, each correct answerreceives 2 marks; for Part 7, eachcorrect answer receives 1 mark.TASK TYPEFOCUSFORMATNO. OF QSTASK TYPEFOCUSNO. OF QSPART 1TASK TYPEFOCUSFORMATNO. OF QSMultiple-choice clozeThe main focus is on vocabulary, e.g. idioms,collocations, fixed phrases, complementation,phrasal verbs, semantic precision.A modified cloze test containing eight gaps.There are 4-option multiple-choice items foreach gap.8PART 2TASK TYPEFOCUSFORMATNO. OF QSOpen clozeThe main focus is on awareness and control ofgrammar with some focus on vocabulary.A modified cloze test containing eight gaps.8Key word transformationGrammar, vocabulary, collocation.Six separate items, each with a lead-insentence and a gapped second sentence to becompleted in two to five words, one of whichis a given ‘key’ word.6PART 5FORMATStructure and tasksWord formationThe main focus is on vocabulary, in particularthe use of affixation, internal changes andcompounding in word formation.A text containing eight gaps. Each gapcorresponds to a word. The stem of themissing word is given beside the text andmust be changed to form the missing word.8Multiple choiceDetail, opinion, attitude, tone, purpose, mainidea, gist, meaning from context, implication,text organisation features (exemplification,reference).A text followed by six 4-optionmultiple‑choice questions.6PART 6TASK TYPEFOCUSFORMATNO. OF QSGapped textCohesion, coherence, text structure.A text from which sentences have beenremoved and placed in jumbled order after thetext. Candidates must decide from which partof the text the sentences have been removed.6PART 7TASK TYPEFOCUSFORMATNO. OF QSMultiple matchingDetail, opinion, specific information,implication.A text or several short texts, preceded bymultiple-matching questions. Candidatesmust match a prompt to elements in the text.10CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH: FIRST HANDBOOK FOR TEACHERS7
READING AND USE OF ENGLISH
CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH7 FIRST HANDBOOK FOR TEACHERS 1 CONTENTS Preface This handbook is for teachers who are preparing candidates for Cambridge English: First, also known as First Certificate in English (FCE). The introduction gives an overview of the exam and its place within the range of Cambridge English exams.
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Cambridge English: Preliminary – an overview Cambridge English: Preliminary is an intermediate level qualification in practical everyday English language skills. It follows on as a progression from Cambridge English: Key and gives learners confidence to study for taking higher level Cambridge English exams such as Cambridge English: First.
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2 Cambridge English: Young Learners. Introduction. Cambridge English: Young Learners. is a series of fun, motivating English language tests for children in primary and lower secondary education. The tests are an excellent way for children to gain confidence and improve their English. There are three levels: Cambridge English: Starters Cambridge English: Movers Cambridge English .
Cambridge English: Young Learners is a series of fun, motivating English language tests for children in primary and lower secondary education. The tests are an excellent way for children to gain confidence and improve their English. There are three levels: Cambridge English: Starters Cambridge English: Movers Cambridge English: Flyers
