A Vermonter’s Guide To Residential Solar Residential Solar
A Vermonter’s Guide toResidential SolarP r e pa r e db yDiana Chace, Clean Energy States Alliance & Clay Mitchell, University of New Hampshiref o rt h eVermont Public Service DepartmentUpdated September 2018A Vermonter’s Guide to Residential Solar1
AcknowledgementsThis guide was first released in September 2016 and produced by the Clean Energy StatesAlliance (CESA) and the Vermont Public Service Department’s Clean Energy DevelopmentFund through the New England Solar Cost-Reduction Partnership, a Rooftop Solar Challenge II project. The New England Solar Cost-Reduction Partnership worked to reduce thecosts of solar deployment across five New England states by targeting non-hardware solar“soft” costs. Diana Chace of CESA and Clay Mitchell of The University of New Hampshirewrote the guide. Nate Hausman of CESA was lead editor of the report. Ed Delhagen, AnneMargolis, and Andrew Perchlik of the Vermont Public Service Department; Leigh Seddonof L.W. Seddon, LLC; Johanna Miller of the Vermont Natural Resources Council; KenJones of the Vermont Agency of Commerce & Community Development; Olivia CampbellAndersen of Renewable Energy Vermont; and Warren Leon and Maria Blais Costello ofCESA reviewed the report.About the Vermont Public ServiceDepartment Clean Energy Development Fund (CEDF)The CEDF, at the Vermont Public ServiceDeparment (PSD), offers a portfolio of funding opportunities to accelerate the developmentand production of renewable energy in Vermont including: grants, direct incentive payments,credit enhancements for renewable energy lenders, contracts for specific products or services,and other offerings as may be authorized by the Vermont General Assembly and subject toapproval of the PSD. Since its inception, the CEDF has awarded over 64 million in federaland state resources for renewable energy and energy efficiency in Vermont, leveraging totalinvestments of more than 258 million in the state’s clean energy infrastructure. Learnmore at http://publicservice.vermont.gov/renewable energy/cedf.About Clean Energy States AllianceClean Energy States Alliance (CESA) is anational, nonprofit coalition of public agenciesand organizations working together to advance clean energy. CESA members—mostly stateagencies—include many of the most innovative, successful, and influential public fundersof clean energy initiatives in the country. CESA works with state leaders, federal agencies,industry representatives, and other stakeholders to develop and promote clean energy technologies and markets. It supports effective state and local policies, programs, and innovation in the clean energy sector, with an emphasis on renewable energy, power generation,financing strategies, and economic development. CESA facilitates information sharing,provides technical assistance, coordinates multi-state collaborative projects, and communicates the achievements of its members. Learn more at www.cesa.org.About the Solar EnergyTechnologies OfficeThe U.S. Department of Energy Solar EnergyTechnologies Office supports early-stage research and development to improve the reliabilityand performance of solar technologies. Learn more at energy.gov/solar-office.2V e r m o n t P u b l i c S e r v i c e d e pa r t m e n tDisclaimersThis material is based upon worksupported by the U.S. Departmentof Energy under Award NumberDE-EE0006305. This report wasprepared as an account of worksponsored by an agency of the UnitedStates Government. Neither theUnited States Government nor anyagency thereof, nor any of theiremployees, makes any warranty,express or implied, or assumes anylegal liability or responsibility for theaccuracy, completeness, or usefulnessof any information, apparatus, product,or process disclosed, or representsthat its use would not infringeprivately owned rights. Referenceherein to any specific commercialproduct, process, or service by tradename, trademark, manufacturer,or otherwise does not necessarilyconstitute or imply its endorsement,recommendation, or favoring by theUnited States Government or anyagency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein donot necessarily state or reflect thoseof the United States Governmentor any agency thereof. This report isfor informational purposes only anddoes not constitute legal, financial,or technical advice from the U.S.Department of Energy, the VermontPublic Service Department, CESA,or other contributors.
Table of ContentsHow to Use This Guide.510 Key Things to Remember if You’re Thinking about Solar.6Section 1: Reasons Vermonters Choose to Go Solar.8Financial. 8Environmental. 8Local Economic Development. 9Community. 9Energy Independence and Resilience. 9Section 2: What Is a Solar PV System?. 10The Solar Cell and Panel.10Racking and Including Storage—On-grid and Off-grid Options.15Solar Photovoltaics vs. Solar Thermal.15Section 3: Is a PV System Right for You?. 16Your Goals.16Efficiency.16Renter or Owner.16Electric Bill.16Roofing Material, Roof Age, and Roof Condition.17Orientation, Tilt, and Shading.17Neighborhood Concerns.18Group Net Metering (Off-site Solar).18What Happens with Your Solar Panels if You Move to a New Home?.19Online Solar Calculators.20Section 4: Financing Your Solar PV System.211. Direct Ownership.21Secured vs. Unsecured.21Market Rate vs. Credit Enhanced.212. Third-Party Ownership.21Lease.21Net Metering Credit Purchase Agreements.22Contract Provisions: Leases and Net Metering Credit Purchase Agreements.22Fixture Filings.23Upfront Lease Payment Option.24Sample Language.24A Vermonter’s Guide to Residential Solar3
Section 5: How Solar Can Save You Money. 25Federal Tax Credit.25Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs).25Net Metering.26Vermont Property Tax and Vermont Sales Tax.27Section 6: Choosing a Contractor. 28Where to Look?.28Qualifications.28Where to Check for Complaints.28Get Multiple Bids.28What Bids Should Include.29Comparing Bids.30Signing a Contract.30Section 7: Permitting. 33Municipal Permits.
A Vermonter’s Guide to residentiAl solAr 5 te are many ways to build and finance a solar PV system. her A Vermonter’s Guide to Residential Solar can help you decide whether it makes sense for you to go solar and, if so, how.
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