PITT COMMUNITY COLLEGE ECONOMIC OVERVIEW

employment by major industry sector in the PCC Serviceing the concentration of employment in a given industryRegion appears in Table 1 and Figure 2.against the concentration of employment for that sameAs shown, the three largest industry sectors in the PCCindustry across the nation. An LQ equal to 1 means thatService Region are Government, Manufacturing, and Healththe percentage of total employment comprised by anCare & Social Assistance. Together these sectors made upindustry in the region exactly matches the percentage of133,857 jobs or 45% of total regional employment in 2013.total employment comprised by that industry in the nation.All three sectors are projected to grow between 2013 andAn LQ greater than 1 means that the industry comprises a2023, most notably the Manufacturing sector, which isgreater proportion of total employment in the region thanexpected to add 5,491 jobs over the next ten years. Otherit does in the nation.industry sectors with notable projected growth are Admin-High LQs (usually anything greater than 1.2) are anistrative & Support & Waste Management & Remediationindication that the region has a comparative advantageServices ( 3,968 jobs) and Retail Trade ( 2,739 jobs). Onlyor specialization in certain industries relative to the restthree industry sectors are expected to decline between 2013of the nation, or potentially to other competing regions.and 2023, namely, Construction (-250 jobs), Agriculture,When evaluated jointly with job counts and expected jobForestry, Fishing & Hunting (-223 jobs), and Utilities (-54growth, high LQs give a sense of the industry sectors thatjobs).have the greatest potential for workforce investment andTable 2 on the next page shows the employment con-where regional economic development professionals arecentration of the industry sectors in the PCC Servicelikely to be focusing their efforts. This information is ofRegion, measured in terms of location quotients (LQs). LQsparticular importance to educators seeking to engage inare used to assess national competitiveness by compar-larger conversations with other organizations about align-TABLE 1: Current and Projected Jobs Change by Industry Sector, 2013 to 2023NAICSCODEDESCRIPTION11Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting212013 JOBS2023 JOBSCHANGE% CHANGE7,6107,387(223)(2.9%)Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas ring32,43437,9255,49116.9%42Wholesale Trade7,2707,7975277.2%44Retail Trade29,90432,6432,7399.2%48Transportation and 2232210.1%52Finance and Insurance9,67112,3482,67727.7%53Real Estate and Rental and Leasing10,07012,1982,12821.1%54Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services8,6959,3846897.9%55Management of Companies and Enterprises3,4583,99553715.5%56Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services16,60620,5743,96823.9%61Educational Services3,6815,0931,41238.4%62Health Care and Social Assistance30,42535,0174,59215.1%71Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation3,6184,33972119.9%72Accommodation and Food Services21,02523,7132,68812.8%81Other Services (except Public otalSource: EMSI Complete Data 2014.24      PITT COMMUNITY .1%

TABLE 2: Employment Concentration by Industry Sector in PCC Service Region, 2013 and 2023NAICSCODEDESCRIPTION2013 LOCATIONQUOTIENT2023 LOCATIONQUOTIENT11Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting1.341.3221Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas n1.010.8931Manufacturing1.581.8642Wholesale Trade0.710.6944Retail Trade1.021.0548Transportation and Warehousing0.600.6251Information0.600.6352Finance and Insurance0.580.6153Real Estate and Rental and Leasing0.740.7554Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services0.430.3955Management of Companies and Enterprises0.950.9856Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services0.900.9361Educational Services0.510.5962Health Care and Social Assistance0.920.8871Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation0.550.5672Accommodation and Food Services1.000.9981Other Services (except Public Administration)0.920.9290Government1.811.89Source: EMSI Complete Data 2014.2ing program offerings with workforce needs.knowledge of occupations is needed. This is because theThe following three industry sectors have the highestearning levels and education requirements of workerslocation quotients in the PCC Service Region: Governmentbear more of a relationship to their occupation than to the(1.81), Manufacturing (1.58), and Agriculture, Forestry, Fish-industry in which they work. For example, the Manufac-ing, & Hunting (1.34). Most industry sectors in the regionturing industry—while employing a number of assemblershave that an employment concentration that is lower thanand machine operators—also employs people in manage-the nation, but a few, such as Educational Services andment occupations and in professional occupations suchFinance & Insurance, are projected to increase in concen-as engineering. All of these occupations have different paytration over the next decade. Other sectors, like Utilitiesscales and require varying levels of education and training.and Construction, are expected to decrease.2Federal agencies use the Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system to classify workers into occupationalcategories based on work performed. The 2010 SOC systemJOBS BY OCCUPATIONcontains more than 800 detailed occupations organizedaccording to a five-digit hierarchical coding structure.Researchers often refer to industry data to get a sense ofDetailed occupations with similar job duties are furtherregional economic trends, but in order to better understandcombined to form 23 major groups. Table 3 shows thethe quality of the jobs contained within that region, somebreakdown of employment in the PCC Service Region bymajor group, with information on current and projected2Note that because LQs represent regional employment relative tonational employment, a decreasing LQ does not necessarily meandecreasing employment, and likewise an increasing LQ does not necessarily mean increasing employment.jobs, job change, average annual openings, and wage rates.Office & administrative support occupations comprisethe largest occupation group in the PCC Service RegionECONOMIC OVERVIEW AND PROGRAM GAP ANALYSIS      5

FIGURE 3: Average Annual Openings between 2013 and 2023 for Workers with Some College and Above byOccupation Group in the PCC Service Region02505007501,0005044 1012184 4719542620 4315349179 311213322 ManagementBusiness and Financial OperationsComputer and MathematicalArchitecture and EngineeringLife, Physical, and Social ScienceCommunity and Social ServiceLegalEducation, Training, and LibraryArts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and MediaHealthcare Practitioners and TechnicalHealthcare SupportProtective ServiceFood Preparation and Serving RelatedBuilding and Grounds Cleaning and MaintenancePersonal Care and ServiceSales and RelatedOffice and Administrative SupportFarming, Fishing, and ForestryConstruction and ExtractionInstallation, Maintenance, and RepairProductionTransportation and Material MovingSource: EMSI Complete Data 2014.2TABLE 3: Current and Projected Jobs, Job Change, and Median Hourly Earnings by Major Occupation Group inPCC Service Region, 2013 to anagement15,68017,8532,17314%499 28.7813-0000Business and Financial Operations10,37412,8452,45124%442 25.8815-0000Computer and Mathematical2,8033,35555220%103 27.3717-0000Architecture and Engineering2,8703,1582679%98 32.3219-0000Life, Physical, and Social Science2,3392,85647920%117 26.0521-0000Community and Social Service4,7815,45967814%178 18.4823-0000Legal1,4971,6051087%39 29.2925-0000Education, Training, and Library17,46219,8822,40914%587 19.8127-0000Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media4,8485,72786218%193 15.7529-0000Healthcare Practitioners and Technical16,30318,3392,01512%545 31.4331-0000Healthcare Support12,54014,4421,90215%262 10.3933-0000Protective Service6,8247,3795558%200 16.2035-0000Food Preparation and Serving Related21,20123,7862,58512%428 9.2037-0000Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance12,39314,8102,41720%149 9.4539-0000Personal Care and Service12,88615,6182,72021%337 9.5941-0000Sales and Related33,63637,5403,90412%906 12.9643-0000Office and Administrative Support36,23339,8483,60510%793 14.5145-0000Farming, Fishing, and Forestry3,8863,682(190)(5%)25 12.5647-0000Construction and Extraction12,63112,552(67)(1%)110 15.2549-0000Installation, Maintenance, and Repair12,43413,4409958%212 18.3451-0000Production22,48325,7453,24914%325 15.5953-0000Transportation and Material Moving17,08619,0601,97412%218 13.38Source: EMSI Complete Data 2014.26      PITT COMMUNITY COLLEGE

at 36,233 jobs, followed by sales & related occupationsbusiness and financial operations occupations (24%), life,at 33,636 jobs. Neither of these occupation groups ranksphysical, & social science occupations (20%), and computeramong the highest paid, however. Architecture & engi-& mathematical occupations (20%).neering occupations—while one of the smallest occupa-Figure 3 provides a look at the average annual job open-tion groups—have median earnings of 32.32 an hour.ings for workers with some college or above by occupationHealthcare practitioners & technical occupations havegroup. Job openings refer to new jobs due to growth plusmedian earnings of 31.43 an hour, also ranking high onreplacement jobs due to worker turnover. Between 2013the regional pay scale. It is notable that several of theand 2023, the occupations with the highest number ofhigher-paying occupation groups are projected to experi-average annual job openings for workers with some collegeence high job growth over the next ten years, such asor above occurs in sales & related occupations office &administrative support occupations; and education, training, & library occupations.TABLE 4: Jobs by Place of WorkJOBSCOMMUTESHAREPitt County, NC50,63825%Craven County, NC20,27710%Wilson County, NC18,0679%Lenoir County, NC15,9968%Wake County, NC15,8478%Beaufort County, NC12,1916%Nash County, NC9,6515%Edgecombe County, NC9,4705%Wayne County, NC4,6672%Martin County, NC4,4952%All Other Locations42,24521%COUNTYSource: Census LEHDCOMMUTING PATTERNSThe Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD)program3 at the U.S. Census Bureau provides informationon the residential and employment locations of workers.“Jobs by place of work” refers to where residents of theregion commute to work, and “jobs by place of residence”refers to where workers in the region live. Data for the PCCService Region appear in Tables 4 and 5, with the same3LEHD is an innovative program that uses modern statistical and computing techniques to combine federal and state administrative dataon employers and employees with core Census Bureau censuses andsurveys while protecting the confidentiality of people and firms thatprovide the data.FIGURE 4: Jobs by Place of Work in the PCC Service Region50,638 Jobs20,277 Jobs18,067 Jobs15,996 Jobs15,847 Jobs12,191 Jobs9,651 Jobs9,470 Jobs4,667 Jobs4,495 JobsECONOMIC OVERVIEW AND PROGRAM GAP ANALYSIS      7

FIGURE 5: Jobs by Place of Residence in PCC Service Region46,286 Jobs21,272 Jobs17,791 Jobs13,818 Jobs12,617 Jobs10,165 Jobs9,406 Jobs6,491 Jobs6,099 Jobs4,850 JobsTABLE 5: Where Workers in the PCC Service Regionin other locations. The remaining 64% of workers in theLivePCC Service Region both live and work in the eight-countyCOUNTCOMMUTESHAREPitt County, NC46,28622%Craven County, NC21,27210%Wilson County, NC17,7919%Lenoir County, NC13,8187%Beaufort County, NC12,6176%Edgecombe County, NC10,1655%Nash County, NC9,4065%Martin County, NC6,4913%Wake County, NC6,0993%Greene County, NC4,8502%All Other Locations58,20128%COUNTYSource: Census LEHDregion. This information appears in Table 5.UNEMPLOYMENTData on unemployment give researchers an idea of whereskills mismatches may exist in the region. Unemploymentdata can also provide important context when identifyingthe training programs that are best suited to transitioningunemployed workers into in-demand occupations.Table 6 and Figure 6 present the number of peopleunemployed by industry sector in the PCC Service Region.Data reflect February 2014 and follow the same methodology used by the federal statistical agencies to determinethe number of workers in an industry that are not currentlyemployed. The unemployment rate is not provided becauseinformation displayed in Figures 4 and 5.it is difficult to accurately determine the size of the laborAs shown in Table 4, approximately 35% of residentsforce in a given industry on a monthly basis. Rather thancommute outside the PCC Service Region for work, indi-the unemployment rate, the percent of all unemployedcating that there are economic links between the regionfor the region and for the nation are provided to displayand surrounding communities. A significant percentage ofwhich industry sectors have the highest concentration ofresidents (8%) commute to Wake County.unemployed workers.Of the people who work in the PCC Service Region, 5%Industry sectors in the PCC Service Region that exceedlive in Nash County, 3% live in Wake County, and 28% livethe national concentration of unemployed workers are8      PITT COMMUNITY COLLEGE

TABLE 6: Number of Unemployed Workers by Industry Sector in PCC Service RegionNAICSCODEDESCRIPTIONNO. OFUNEMPLOYED% OFUNEMPLOYEDNATIONAL % OFUNEMPLOYED11Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting2851%2%21Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas 6510%13%31Manufacturing2,83413%9%42Wholesale Trade3001%2%44Retail Trade2,77413%10%48Transportation and Warehousing3121%3%51Information1641%2%52Finance and Insurance4002%3%53Real Estate and Rental and Leasing2081%1%54Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services4252%4%55Management of Companies and Enterprises130%0%56Administrative and Support and Waste Management andRemediation Services1,3897%8%61Educational Services (Private)1981%2%62Health Care and Social Assistance1,4747%6%71Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation2341%2%72Accommodation and Food Services2,34911%8%81Other Services (except Public Administration)4472%3%90Government1,7628%7%99No Previous Work Experience/Unspecified3,61917%14%Source: EMSI Total Unemployment (2/2014)FIGURE 6: Number of Unemployed Workers by Industry Sector in PCC Service Region01,0002,0003,0004,00070 5271869 410511 035376 59114490Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and HuntingMining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas ale TradeRetail TradeTransportation and WarehousingInformationFinance and InsuranceReal Estate and Rental and LeasingProfessional, Scientific, and Technical ServicesManagement of Companies and EnterprisesAdmin. & Support and Waste Mgmt. & Remediation ServicesEducational Services (Private)Health Care and Social AssistanceArts, Entertainment, and RecreationAccommodation and Food ServicesOther Services (except Public Administration)GovernmentNo Previous Work Experience/UnspecifiedSource: EMSI Total Unemployment (2/2014)ECONOMIC OVERVIEW AND PROGRAM GAP ANALYSIS      9

Manufacturing, Retail Trade, Health Care & Social Assis-as Construction, seasonal jobs or jobs of short durationtance, Accommodation & Food Services, and Government.may also lead to high numbers of unemployed workers.All of the other industry sectors in the region are eitherat or below national levels.Table 7 and Figure 7 provide a breakdown of unemployment in the PCC Service Region by major occupa-As shown in the table, the category with the highesttion group. As shown, occupation groups that containnumber of unemployed workers is a non-industry labeledthe highest number of unemployed workers are office &as “No Previous Work Experience/Unspecified.” This is sim-administrative support occupations (2,972 unemployedply a catch-all category for which reliable unemploymentworkers), transportation & material moving occupationsdata are unavailable. Manufacturing has the second highest(2,459 unemployed workers), no previous work experience/number of unemployed workers, followed by Retail Trade.unspecified occupations (2,458 workers), construction &Both industry sectors—particularly Retail Trade—have aextraction occupations (1,932 workers), and food prepara-high percentage of low-skill jobs that require little to notion & serving related occupations (1,750 workers). Thougheducation and training, thus making them more vulner-some of these occupations groups have a relatively highable to worker turnover. Other sectors that are generallynumber of annual openings (see Figure 3), high turnoveraffected by high turnover include Accommodation & Foodstill leads to a high number of unemployed.Services and Administrative & Support & Waste Manage-A number of occupation groups have a concentration ofment & Remediation Services. For industry sectors suchunemployed workers that is either at or below the nationalTABLE 7: Number of Unemployed Workers by Occupation Group in PCC Service RegionSOCCODEDESCRIPTION#UNEMPLOYED% OFUNEMPLOYEDNATIONAL % s and Financial Operations2471%3%15-0000Computer and Mathematical450%1%17-0000Architecture and Engineering1751%1%19-0000Life, Physical, and Social Science1391%0%21-0000Community and Social Service2091%1%23-0000Legal750%0%25-0000Education, Training, and Library4642%2%27-0000Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media2371%2%29-0000Healthcare Practitioners and Technical5102%2%31-0000Healthcare Support4552%2%33-0000Protective Service3212%1%35-0000Food Preparation and Serving Related1,7508%6%37-0000Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance1,4567%7%39-0000Personal Care and Service5573%3%41-0000Sales and Related1,6828%10%43-0000Office and Administrative Support2,97214%11%45-0000Farming, Fishing, and Forestry47-0000Construction and Extraction49-0000Installation, Maintenance, and 247%7%53-0000Transportation and Material Moving2,45912%8%99-0000No Previous Work Experience/Unspecified2,45812%10%Source: EMSI Total Unemployment (2/2014)10      PITT COMMUNITY COLLEGE

FIGURE 7: Number of Unemployed Workers by Occupation Group in PCC Service Region05001,0001,5002,0002,5003,000268 26573 1581711 5849195699 864205182 ManagementBusiness and Financial OperationsComputer and MathematicalArchitecture and EngineeringLife, Physical, and Social ScienceCommunity and Social ServiceLegalEducation, Training, and LibraryArts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and MediaHealthcare Practitioners and TechnicalHealthcare SupportProtective ServiceFood Preparation and Serving RelatedBuilding and Grounds Cleaning and MaintenancePersonal Care and ServiceSales and RelatedOffice and Administrative SupportFarming, Fishing, and ForestryConstruction and ExtractionInstallation, Maintenance, and RepairProductionTransportation and Material MovingNo Previous Work Experience/UnspecifiedSource: EMSI Total Unemployment (2/2014)average, including management occupations, business &FIGURE 8: Educational Attainment of Adultfinancial operations occupations, and computer & math-Population in PCC Service Regionematical occupations. These occupation groups generallyrequire more education and training than low-skill groupssuch as food preparation & serving related occupations.EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENTThis section describes the educational attainment of thepopulation in the PCC Service Region for adults aged 25years and older. This information is useful for educatorstargeting specific population groups that have low education levels. Educational attainment data in this section ispresented by gender and by ethnicity and is broken outaccording to the following categories: 1) less than

32 APPENDIX 3: PROGRAM GAP ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY 32 Supply and Demand Model 32 Occupation Demand 34 Education Output 35 APPENDIX 4: ALTERNATIVE GAP ANALYSIS CALCULATIONS 35 Highlights of Alternative Gap Analysis 36 Alternative Gap Analysis Tables 38 APPENDIX 5: DETAILED EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS