Chapter 1 Notes.notebook

Chapter 1 Notes.notebookSeptember 11, 2019FIRST DAY OF SCHOOL INFORMATIONDid you know?Weird or Useless Fact.Supply Cabinetyours to usekeep it clean, organized, and return supplies, glue bottlesExpectationsseating charttalkingNo cell phonessharpening pencilbasketball courtemergency waterlate assignments vs. absentsupplies for classpencils OT FAIRFoldersSyllabusPhysical Science SyllabusPhysical science is the study of matter and energy. This is a required course for allninth graders. During this course you will be required to complete dailyassignments, projects, quizzes, and tests.BookEach student will be assigned a book.The books are new and we want to keep them in perfect condition.Suppliesnotebookpencils – NO PENScalculatorfolderear buds/headphones for your chromebookGradingI believe that your grade should not depend on how bright the members of yourclass are, or how hard they work in the course. I am using my professionaljudgment to set the standards that must be met; the class itself should not set thestandards. Your grade should reflect your performance, no one else’s, withrespect to the subject matter in physical science.*Straight Percentage95 100 A90 94 A 87 89 B 84 86 B80 83 B 77 79 C 74 76 C70 73 C 67 69 D 64 66 D60 63 D 59 and under FLate AssignmentsI will accept late assignments but at a reduced score.1 Day late 80% will be the highest grade earned.2 Days late 70% will be the highest grade earned.3 Days late 60% will be the highest grade earned.4 Days late will not be accepted.Topics Covered in Physical ScienceSemester 1Week 1Week 2-3Week 4-5Week 6-8Week 9Week 10-11Week 12Week 13Week 14Week 15Week 16Week 17Week 18Semester 2Week 1Week 2-3Week 4Week 5Week 6Week 7Week 8Week 9Week 10Week 11Week 12Week 13-14Week 15-16Week 17-18Lab SafetyMetric SystemMeasurementsGraphingComputer GraphsSignificant DigitsAtomic TheoryAtoms StructureElectron ConfigurationMoleculesCompoundsElementsPeriodic TableOxidation NumbersBondingChemical ReactionsBalancing EquationsMolesStoichiometrySpeed vs. VelocityAccelerationGravityFree FallNewton‛s Laws of tureHeatElectricityWavesSoundLightTime Schedule Subject to Change Without WarningGoogle ClassroomAssign TextbooksLab Safety - PowerPointAug 28 9:45 AM1

Chapter 1 Notes.notebookSeptember 11, 20191.2 Using the Scientific ApproachWhat is the goal of the scientific method?How does a scientific law differ from a scientific theory?Scientists use the scientific method to establish theory’s and laws.Goalto solve problems and understand the eventTheorytested explanation for a set of observations or experimental resultsLawstatement that summarizes a pattern found in natureappears as always trueMethod1. Purpose/Questiona. What do they want to knowb. Written in question form2. Researcha. What knowledge is knownb. What do you need to find outc. Multiple resources3. Hypothesisa. A possible solution to your questionb. Based on research and prior knowledgec. Use if and thend. VariablesManipulated Variable/Independent Variablewhat is changed in the experimentResponding Variable/Dependent Variablethe results, that changes due to a responseControlled Experimentall variables are the same except what youare testing4. Write your Proceduresa. Create Step by Step Directionsb. Be specific5. Experimenta. Follow step by step directionsb. Conducting the lab6. Observe and Record Resultsa. Organize datab. Determine what data is describing from lab7. Analyze your Resultsa. What is your data telling you8. Conclusiona. Summary of researchb. Include Data/Resultsc. Accept or reject hypothesisThumb wrestling labSep 4 10:29 AM2

Chapter 1 Notes.notebookNameBoysWrist CirSeptember 11, 2019Thumb CirThumb LenGirlsSep 5 8:14 AM3

Chapter 1 Notes.notebookNameWrist CirSeptember 11, 2019Thumb CirThumb LenSep 6 8:32 AM4

Chapter 1 Notes.notebookSeptember 11, 20191.3 MeasurementWhy is scientific notation useful?What units do scientists use for their measurements?How does the precision of measuremnts affect the precisionof scientific calculations?Scientific Notationused by scientists to write very large or small numbersmakes numbers easier to work withTwo Parts1. a number between 1 10 and has a lot of numbersafter the decimal coefficient M2. an exponent (n) determines the number of decimalspaces you counted10 2 .0110 1 .1100 1101 10102 100Examples0.00286 g 2.86 x 10 3 g5198 m 5.198 x 103 mProblems1. When adding/subtracting make sure all exponents are the same.8.6 x 103 2.9 x 102 86 x 102 2.9 x 102 88.9 x 102use appropriate notation 8.9 x 1032. When multiplying, multiply the first factors and add the exponents.7.20 x 103 cm X 8.08 103 cm 58.176 x 106 cmuse appropriate notation 5.82 x 107 cm3. When dividing, divide the first factors and subtract the exponents.2.290 x 107 cm 4.33 x 103 cm .5288 x 104 cmuse appropriate notation 5.29 x 103 cmYou try page 15 Math Practice1. Perform the following calculations. Express your answers in scientificnotation.a. 7.6 x 10 4 mx1.5 x 107 m ?7.6 x 1.5 (10 4 7) (m x m) 11 x 103 m2 1.1 x 104 m2b. 0.00053 / 29 ?5.3 x 10 4 m / 2.9 x 101 m (5.3/2.9) x (10 4 1) 1.8 x 10 52. Calculate how far light travels in 8.64 x104 seconds. The speed of light isabout 3.0 x 108 m/s.3.0 x 108 m/sx8.64 x 104 s m xss(3.0 x 8.64) (108 4) m 26 x 1012 2.6 x 1013 mSep 4 12:40 PM5

Chapter 1 Notes.notebookSeptember 11, 2019MeasurementSI : International System of UnitsNot IS because it is French: Le Systeme International D’UnitesExpressed in multiples of 10Some things to Remember when converting any type of measures:you always multiplyTo convert from a larger to smaller metric unitTo convert from a smaller to larger unityou always divideThe latin prefixes used in the metric system literally mean the number theyrepresent.Example:1 kilogram 1000 gramsA kilo is 1000 of something just like a dozen is 12 of something.This is the metric conversion stair chart. You basically take a place value chartturn it sideways and expand it so it looks like stairs.The Latin prefixes literallymean the number indicated. Meter, liter or gram can be used interchangeably. Kangaroos Hop Down Mountains Drinking Chocolate MilkFor every step upward on the chart you are dividing by 10 or moving the decimalone place to the left.Example:To convert 1000 milligrams to grams you are moving upward on the stairs:Pretend you are standing on the milli gram stair tread and to get to the1 gram stair tread you move up 3 steps dividing by 10 each time.1000/10 100100/10 1010/10 1or1000/1000 1or use the shortcut and just move the decimal place one place to the leftwith each step 1000 milligrams 1 gram.When you move down the stairs you are multiplying by 10 for each step.So you are adding a zero to your original number and moving the decimalone place to the right with each step.Example:To convert 2 kilometers to meters you move 3 steps down on the chart soyou add 3 zeros to the 2.2 km 2000 mJan 19 2:28 PM6

Chapter 1 Notes.notebookSeptember 11, 2019Practice ProblemsChange to1. 0.293 km m2.5.6 dam cm3.78 cm hm4. 10,987 mg kg5.09 hm dm6. 45.7 mL daL7.1.9 kg dg8. 34.6 kL mL9. .0009 g hg10. 4678 cm km11. 85.9 hm mm12. .0908 mm dam13. 78.34 dam dm14. 54.2309 cg g15. 87.09 hL cLJan 19 3:08 PM7

Chapter 1 Notes.notebookSeptember 11, 2019MeasurementMillimeterLengthSI unit meter (m)CentimeterMassAmount of matter in an objectSI unit kilogram (kg)Use a Balance to measure massMeasurement PanBeamsSliding MassesZero MarZero/TaraKnobPointerPPointerPointer (at Zero)Left Measuring PanScaleRight Measuring PanRidersMoving MassesBeamsAdjustment KnobHow do you use a balance?Make sure the balance is zeroed out.Put object on Pan.Move 100 g slider first. Put in notch.Move 10 g slider. Put in notch.Move 1 g slider until pointer is at zero.Add all 3 weights.Label with a "g" for grams.VolumeAmount of space an object occupiesSI unit cubic Liters (L) liquidcubic meter (m 3) solidmeniscus the curved upper surface of the liquid1 mL 1 cm3DensityAmount of matter in a given volumeD m gVcm3WeightAmount of gravitational force on an objectSI newtons (N)Spring scales used to measure weight1 N 100 gTemperatureMeasure of how fast molecules are movingSI Kelvin (K)TF 9 TC 32.05TC 5(TF 32.0)9TK TC 273.15Jan 20 9:47 AM8

Chapter 1 Notes.notebookSeptember 11, 2019Significant FiguresPrecisionhow exact a measurement isAccuracyhow close of a measurement to the exact measurementAccuracy and Precision.pdfSignificant Figures*all digits that are known for certainty* indicate the uncertainty of a measurement1. All non zero digitsare significant.83.591 m 5 significant figures2. All zeros between two non zero digits are significant.5007 L4 significant figures10.0005 g 6 significant figures3. Zeros to the right of a non zero digit, but to the left ofthe decimal point, are not significant unless specificallyindicated as significant by a bar placed above therightmost such zero that is significant.1,000,000 g1 significant figure200,800 km4 significant figures200,800 km5 significant figures200,800 km6 significant figures4. All zeros to the right of a decimal point and to the leftof a non zero digit areNOT significant. A lone zero toleft of a decimal point is NEVER significant.0.00012 g 2 significant figures0.0853 m 3 significant figures5. All zeros to the right of a decimal point and to the rightof a non zero digit are significant.40.00 g4 significant figures0.005070 kg 4 significant figuresNumberPractice 1. 21.589 mS.D.RulePractice 2. 28005 kmPractice 3. 0.00025 kgPractice 4. 23,000 LPractice 5. 80.0 escsn7.htmlJan 20 9:52 AM9

Chapter 1 Notes.notebookSeptember 11, 2019Practice Problems1. 1.0042. 1.003. 763.014. .064325. 64,3206. .04620107. 2,9808. .019. 100110. 68,009.0120Feb 3 10:05 AM10

Chapter 1 Notes.notebookSeptember 11, 2019NameIndicate the # of significant digits and determine which rule applies to each problem.# of S.D1. 3.012. 10.03. .064 .000701005. 10006. 6007. .00208. 10.000109. 1003.010. .00060111. 301.001012. 81,601,90013. 0.10114. 70.01015. 00.0030516. 9,800,304,011,10017. .00001000100018. 310.0019. 20020. 67.987Jan 20 9:57 AM11

Chapter 1 Notes.notebookSeptember 11, 2019Rules in calculating using Significant FiguresGiven that Addition and Subtraction take place in columns, round thefinal answer to the first column from the left containing an estimated digit.An answer cannot have more digits to the right of a decimal point than thereare in the measurement with the smallest number of digits to the right ofthe decimal.1234.567 m 98.67 m1333.237 m1333.237 m is the exact answer, to write it with the correct amount ofsignificant figures, look at the number with the least amount of sf.1234.567 m 98.67 m1333.237 mSo the correct answer is 1333.24 mSame thing is true when subtracting.In multiplication and division, the answer cannot be more digits than the leastamount of significant digits in the problem.45.625 5 sfx 1.237896 sf56.47873125So the correct answer is 56.479Same thing is true when dividing.Feb 3 10:02 AM12

Chapter 1 Notes.notebookSeptember 11, 20191)334.54 grams 198 grams 2)34.1 grams / 1.1 mL 3)2.11 x 103 joules / 34 seconds 4)0.0010 meters – 0.11 m 5)349 cm 1.10 cm 100 cm 6)450 meters / 114 seconds 7)298.01 kilograms 34.112 kilograms 8)84 m/s x 31.221 s Feb 3 10:26 AM13

Chapter 1 Notes.notebookSeptember 11, 2019NamePhysical SciencePractice Significant Digits/FiguresPerform the following calculations, and express the result in the correct units and number ofsignificant figures.1.2.3.4.5.47.0 m 2.2 s140 cm X 35 cm5.88 kg 200 m30.0050 m2 X 0.042 m300.3 L 180. s6.7.8.9.10.164 mL 39.7 mL 18.16 mL22.0 m 5.28 m 15.5 m0.042 kg 1.229 kg 0.502 kg3200 mg 325 mg 688 mg312 dL 31.2 dL 3.12 dL11.5,487,129 m to three significant figures12.0.013479265 mL to six significant figures13.225, 834.762 cm to seven significant figures14.A rectangle measures 87.59 cm by 35.1 cm. Express itsarea with the proper number of significant figures.Jan 20 9:55 AM14