DNA And Protein Synthesis - Scarsdale Public Schools
1. The diagram below shows an alteration that occurred during the replication process of a portion of agene. The numbers identify the locations of specific bases in the sequenceThis alterations is most likely the result ofA) a substitution at base 2C) an insertion of base 3B) a deletion of base 2D) a deletion of base 42. Human genetic material is represented in the diagrambelow.3. The diagram below represents genetic material.The region labeled A is made up of a section ofA)B)C)D)a protein that becomes an enzymeDNA that may direct protein synthesisa carbohydrate made from amino acidsglucose that may be copied to make DNAThe expression of the section labeled X may bemodified byA)B)C)D)temperature, onlyasexual reproductionthe environmentpH, only
4. A laboratory technique is represented in the diagrambelow. Letter A represents a process.Which specific chemicals are needed to successfullycarry out the process shown at A?A) receptor molecules B) carbohydratesC) enzymesD) starch molecules5. An alteration of genetic information is shown below.A-G-T-A-C-C-G-A-TA-G-T-G-A-TThis type of alteration of the genetic information is anexample ofA) deletionC) substitutionB) insertionD) recombination6. Changing one base in a gene could have the mostdirect effect on theA) function of the membrane of a cellB) sequence of building blocks of a protein foundin a cellC) number of mitochondria in a cellD) type of carbohydrates synthesized by a cell7. In a DNA sample, 15% of the bases are thymine (T).What percentage of the bases in this sample areadenine (A)?A) 15% B) 30% C) 35% D) 85%
8. Four different segments of a DNA molecule are represented below.There is an error in the DNA molecule inA) segment 1, onlyC) segments 2 and 3B) segment 3, onlyD) segments 2 and 49. The diagram below represents levels of organizationwithin a cell of a multicellular organism.10. The molecule represented below is found in livingthings.Which statement describes one characteristic of thismolecule?The level represented by X is composed ofA)B)C)D)four types of base subunitsfolded chains of glucose moleculestwenty different kinds of amino acidscomplex, energy-rich inorganic moleculeA) It is the template for the replication ofgenetic information.B) Organic catalysts are made up of thesemolecules.C) It is different in each cell of an organism.D) Cell membranes contain many of thesemolecules.11. Chromosomes can be described asA)B)C)D)large molecules that have only one functionfolded chains of bonded glucose moleculesreproductive cells composed of molecular basescoiled strands of genetic material
12. The diagram below represents an incomplete sectionof a DNA molecule. The boxes representunidentified bases.15. The type of molecule represented below is found inorganisms.When the boxes are filled in, what will the totalnumber of bases represented by the letter A (bothinside and outside the boxes) be?A) 1B) 2C) 3D) 413. Hereditary traits are transmitted from generation togeneration by means ofA) specific sequences of bases in DNA inreproductive cellsB) proteins in body cellsC) carbohydrates in body cellsD) specific starches making up DNA inreproductive cells14. The instructions for the traits of an organism arecoded in the arrangement ofA)B)C)D)glucose units in carbohydrate moleculesbases in DNA in the nucleusfat molecules in the cell membraneenergy-rich bonds in starch moleculesWhich statement correctly describes the sequence ofbases found in this type of molecule?A) It changes every time it replicates.B) It determines the characteristics that will beinherited.C) It is exactly the same in all organisms.D) It directly controls the synthesis of starchwithin a cell.16. The weakest bonds in a double-stranded molecule ofdeoxyribonucleic acid exist between theA)B)C)D)deoxyribose sugarsphosphate groupsnitrogenous bases5-carbon sugars17. The diagram below represents a portion of a nucleicacid molecule.The part indicated by arrow X could beA) adenineC) deoxyriboseB) riboseD) phosphate
18. A DNA nucleotide may containA) deoxyribose, cytosine, and a lipidB) deoxyribose, thymine, and a phosphategroupC) ribose, uracil, and a polypeptideD) ribose, adenine, and thymine21. The diagram below represents a portion of a DNAmolecule.19. Which statement best describes a portion of themolecule represented below?The letter X represents two nitrogenous bases thatareA) identical and joined by hydrogen bondsB) complementary and joined by hydrogenbondsC) identical and joined by ionic bondsD) complementary and joined by ionic bondsA) It consists of many ribose sugars.B) It unites with amino acids in the cytoplasm.C) It contains uracil, which functions in proteinsynthesis.D) It consists of alternating phosphate groupsand deoxyribose molecules.20. A DNA nucleotide is composed ofA) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, andphosphorusB) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and calciumC) calcium, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, andironD) oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and iron22. DNA is a polymer consisting of repeating unitsknown asA) dipeptidesC) amino acidsB) nucleotidesD) organic salts23. Watson and Crick described the DNA molecule as aA) straight chainC) double helixB) single strandD) branching chain24. The diagram below represents the building block ofa large molecule known as aA) proteinC) carbohydrateB) fatty acidD) nucleic acid
25. The diagram below represents a segment of a geneon two chromosomes.29. The process represented in the diagram below occursin many cells.The change in the gene sequence is an example ofA) an insertionC) a substitutionB) a deletionD) a replication26. What do the letters A, G, C, and T represent innucleotides?A)B)C)D)phosphate groupsdeoxyribose sugarsnitrogenous basesribose sugars27. Which is the sugar component of a DNA nucleotide?A) adenineC) glucoseB) deoxyriboseD) phosphate28. Before a cell divides, an exact copy of eachchromosome is made by the process ofA)B)C)D)genetic engineeringreplicationmutationrecombinationThe main function of this process is toA)B)C)D)provide an exact copy of the genetic codeensure genetic variation in a speciessynthesize cellular proteinsproduce antibodies to combat disease30. The diagram below shows some of the steps inprotein synthesis?The section of DNA being used to make the strandof mRNA is known as aA) carbohydrateC) ribosomeB) geneD) chromosome
31. Some bacteria are unable to survive unless a certainnutrient is present in their food supply. Afterexposure to ultraviolet radiation, some of thesebacteria are able to synthesize this nutrient. Thischange is most likely due toA)B)C)D)increased respirationexposure to an antigenan alteration in a genegamete formation32. The diagram below can be used to illustrate cellular changes.Which row of terms in the chart below best completes the diagram?A) 1B) 2C) 3D) 4
33. Base your answer to the following question on the portion of the mRNA codon chart and informationbelow.How would the amino acid sequence produced by the mutant strand (series II) compare to the aminoacid sequence produced by series I?A)B)C)D)The amino acid sequence would be shorter.One amino acid in the sequence would change.The amino acid sequence would remain unchanged.More than one amino acid in the sequence would change.34. Synthesis of a defective protein may result from analteration inA)B)C)D)vacuole shapethe number of mitochondriaa base sequence codecellular fat concentration35. In the portions of the DNA molecules below, Xrepresents the base sequence of strand I in theoriginal DNA molecule, and Y represents the basesequence of strand I in the newly formed DNAmolecule.X: A–T–G–C–C–A–T–A–GY: A–T–G–C–C–A–A–T–GThe base sequence in Y is an example ofA)B)C)D)polyploidya chromosome deletiona gene mutationtranslocation
Base your answers to questions 36 and 37 on thediagram below, which represents some componentsinvolved in cellular protein synthesis, and on yourknowledge of Biology.40. Which base is normally used in the synthesis ofRNA but not in the synthesis of DNA?A) adenineC) cytosineB) uracilD) guanine41. If a portion of a messenger RNA molecule containsthe base sequence A-A-U, the corresponding transferRNA base sequence isA) A-A-UC) T-T-CB) G-G-TD) U-U-A42. What is the complementary messenger-RNAsequence for the DNA sequence shown below?A) C-A-A-G-G-UC) G-U-U-C-C-AB) G-T-T-C-C-AD) C-A-A-G-G-T43. Which nucleic acid carries instructions from thenucleus to the cytoplasm?36. The type of molecule represented at A is synthesizedaccording to a template found inA) DNAC) dipeptidesB) RNAD) amino acids37. How many codons are located on the messengerRNA molecule in the diagram?A) 1B) 6C) 3D) 938. In the synthesis of proteins, what is the function ofmessenger-RNA molecules?A) They act as a template for the synthesis ofDNA.B) They carry information that determines thesequence of amino acids.C) They remove amino acids from the nucleus.D) They carry specific enzymes for dehydrationsynthesis.39. A sequence of three nitrogenous bases in amessenger-RNA molecule is known as aA) codonC) polypeptideB) geneD) nucleotideA)B)C)D)DNA, onlyMessenger RNA, onlyTransfer RNA, onlyDNA, messenger RNA, and transfer RNA44. In a cell, the transfer of genetic information fromDNA to RNA occurs in theA)B)C)D)cell membraneendoplasmic reticulumnucleusnucleolus45. Which chemical components may be parts of amolecule of transfer RNA?A)B)C)D)ribose, phosphate group, uracil basedeoxyribose, phosphate group, guanine baseglucose, amino group, thymine basemaltose, carboxyl group, uracil base46. Which statement best describes messenger RNA?A)B)C)D)It transfers polypeptides to the nucleus.It is chemically more complex than DNA.It has one oxygen atom less than DNA.It is composed of a single strand ofnucleotides.
47. Two types of RNA molecules areA)B)C)D)uracil and adeninemessenger RNA and transfer RNAcytosine and thyminetransfer RNA and translocation RNA48. The diagram below shows some of the DNA in abacterium into which a human gene, X, has beensuccessfully inserted.The bacteria that result from reproduction of this cellwill most likely have the ability toA) replicate all of the genetic instructions found inhumansB) produce vaccines to be used to immunizehumansC) produce a human blood cell according toinstructions in gene XD) produce the human protein coded for bygene X49. The inability of an organism to produce certainproteins can occur when an organism is lacking anenzyme needed to combineA)B)C)D)oxygen moleculessimple sugarsamino acidsbiological catalysts50. DNA is able to control cellular activities mostdirectly by regulating the process ofA) meiotic divisionC) active transportB) protein synthesisD) selective breeding51. In a cell, protein synthesis is the primary function ofA) ribosomesC) chloroplastsB) mitochondriaD) vacuoles
Base your answers to questions 52 and 53 on the diagram below, which represents a sequence ofevents in a biological process that occurs within human cells and on your knowledge of biology.52. Molecules B, C, and D are similar in that they are usuallyA)B)C)D)they are usually composed of genetic informationthey are usually involved in the synthesis of antibioticsthey are usually composed of amino acidsthey are usually involved in the diffusion of oxygen into the cell53. Molecule A contains theA)B)C)D)starch necessary for ribosome synthesis in the cytoplasmorganic substance that is broken down into molecules B, C, and Dproteins that form the ribosome in the cytoplasmdirections for the synthesis of molecules B, C, and D54. A change in the order of DNA bases that code for arespiratory protein will most likely causeA) the production of a starch that has a similarfunctionB) the digestion of the altered gene by enzymesC) a change in the sequence of amino acidsdetermined by the geneD) the release of antibodies by certain cells tocorrect the error
Base your answers to questions 55 and 56 on the diagram below, which represents some biochemicalreactions involved in a cellular process.55. What is the bond labeled 5 known as?A) a peptide bondC) an ionic bondB) a hydrogen bondD) a carboxyl bond56. What is an example of a molecule produced by this type of process?A) glucoseB) glycogenC) a fatty acid57. Four stages in the production of protein molecules ina cell are listed below.A – Transfer RNA molecules bring amino acidsto the ribosomeB – DNA molecules serve as templates formessenger RNA molecules.C – Messenger RNA molecules move toribosomes.D – Polypeptides are formed on ribosomes.Which sequence best represents the correct order ofthese stages?A) AC) CBBCADDB) BD) DCBAADCD) a protein
Base your answers to questions 58 through 60 on the diagram below of a biochemical process and onyour knowledge of biology.58. Which amino acid would be transferred to the position of codon CAC?A) leucineB) glycineC) valineD) histidine59. The synthesis of structure X occurred in theA) nucleusB) cytoplasmC) lysosomeD) vacuole60. The biochemical process represented in the diagram is most closely associated with the cell organelleis known as theA) nucleolusB) ribosomeC) chloroplastBase your answers to questions 61 and 62 onthe chart below and on your knowledge of biology.D) mitochondrion62. Which base sequence of a DNA molecule produces acodon on an mRNA molecule that will allow theamino acid arginine to be incorporated into aprotein?A) C – G – AC) C – G – UB) G – C – TD) G – C – U63. Amino acid molecules are bonded together in aspecific sequence on cell structures known asA) ribosomesC) mitochondria61. Which amino acid will be carried to a ribosome by atransfer RNA molecule containing the triplet codeA–A–A?A) valineC) leucineB) lysineD) phenylalanineB) vacuolesD) centromeres64. Which of the following nucleic acids combinesdirectly with amino acids?A)B)C)D)DNA, onlyMessenger RNA, onlyTransfer RNA, onlyDNA, messenger RNA, and transfer RNA
Base your answers to questions 65 through 67 on thediagram below which represents protein synthesiswithin a cell and on your knowledge of biology.65. Which letter indicates the building blocks of aprotein?A) EB) BC) GD) D66. Which letter indicates part of a polypeptide chain?A) AB) EC) FD) G67. Which letter indicates the site of protein synthesis?A) GB) HC) CD) DBase your answers to questions 70 through 72 on thediagram below and on your knowledge of biology.70. Number 4 represents aA) geneC) codonB) nucleotideD) sugar71. Number 2 indicates part of a compound known as aA) nucleic acidC) lipidB) polysaccharideD) polypeptide72. The DNA code for structure 1 is68. What is the function of transfer RNA molecules inthe synthesis of proteins?A) They provide nucleotides for messenger RNAproduction.B) They carry genetic instructions to the nucleus.C) They pick up and transport amino acids tothe ribosomes.D) They are chemically changed into amino acids.69. The correct order of molecules involved in proteinsynthesis isA) messenger RNA, transfer RNA, DNA,polypeptideB) DNA, messenger RNA, polypeptide, transferRNAC) transfer RNA, polypeptide, DNA, messengerRNA, DNAD) DNA, messenger RNA, transfer RNA,polypeptideA) U–U–UC) A–A–AB) T–T–TD) P–H–E73. What is the relationship between an organism's DNAand protein specificity?A) DNA becomes a specific part of the proteinstructure.B) DNA determines the ribosomal RNA sequencethat becomes part of the protein structure.C) DNA determines which RNA molecules areincorporated into protein molecules.D) DNA determines the amino acid sequence ofeach protein.74. The genetic code for one amino acid moleculeconsists ofA)B)C)D)five sugar moleculestwo phosphatesthree nucleotidesfour hydrogen bonds
Answer KeyDNA and Protein .C67.A32.B68.C33.B69.D34.C70.C35.C71.D36.A72.C
A)a protein that becomes an enzyme B)DNA that may direct protein synthesis C)a carbohydrate made from amino acids D)glucose that may be copied to make DNA 2.Human genetic material is represented in the diagram below. The region labeled A is made up of a section of A)temperature, only B)asexual reproduction C)the environment D)pH, onlyFile Size: 1MB
DNA to Protein: Protein Synthesis Transcription: DNA contains the code necessary for a cell to produce new protein molecules during the process of protein syn-thesis. The sequence of DNA bases determines the type and order of amino acids found
That genes are made of DNA. THE STRUCTURE OF THE GENETIC MATERIAL 10.1 Experiments showed that DNA is the genetic material . INFORMATION FROM DNA TO RNA TO PROTEIN (Protein synthesis) 10.6 -10.16 . 10.6 The DNA genotype is expressed as proteins, which provide the molecular basis for
OBJECTIVE SHEET NUCLEIC ACIDS AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 1. Name the four bases in DNA and describe the structure of DNA. 2. Describe the steps involved in DNA replication. Include in your discussion helicase, DNA polymerase, complementary base-pairs, anti-parallel, semi-conservative replication. 3. Describe three uses for recombinant DNA (rDNA).
Protein Scramble (A) tRNA molecules bring specific amino acids to the ribosome. Box K Protein Synthesis in 6 steps – not in proper order (B) mRNA separates from the DNA molecule. (C) DNA molecule unzips to reveal the section coding for the protein needed. (D) Amino acids join together to form the beginning of the new protein.
Protein synthesis in cell-free extracts helped to crack the genetic code and has been extensively used to dissect ribosomal protein biosynthesis, providing a specialized niche for the development of these meth-ods. However, advances in cell-free protein synthesis in recent years, particularly the ability to reconstitute protein synthesis from .
Genetic transformation and DNA DNA is the genetic material in bacterial viruses (phage) The base-pairing rule DNA structure. 2. Basis for polarity of SS DNA and anti-parallel complementary strands of DNA 3. DNA replication models 4. Mechanism of DNA replication: steps and molecular machinery
Recombinant DNA Technology 3. Recombinant DNA Technology 600 DNA ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION Basic to all biotechnology research is the ability to manipulate DNA. First and foremost for recombinant DNA work, researchers need a method to isolate DNA from different organisms. Isolating DNA from bacteria is the easiest procedure because bacterial cells
Vol.10, No.8, 2018 3 Annual Book of ASTM Standards (1986), “Standard Test Method for Static Modulus of Elasticity and Poissons’s Ratio of Concrete in Compression”, ASTM C 469-83, Volume 04.02, 305-309. Table 1. Dimensions of a typical concrete block units used in the construction of the prisms Construction Method a (mm) b
