ExamView - Protein Synthesis MC FINAL

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Name:PeriodVersion AAP* Biology: Protein SynthesisDirections: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by four suggested answers or completions.Select the one that is best in each case and enter the appropriate letter in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.Questions 1-2 refer to the following informationabout sickle cell anemia.Sickle cell trait describes a condition in which aperson has one abnormal allele of the hemoglobinbeta gene, but does not display the severesymptoms of sickle cell disease that occur in aperson who has two copies of that allele. Thosewho are heterozygous for the sickle cell alleleproduce both normal and abnormal hemoglobin, theoxygen-carrying substance in the red blood cells.The replacement of glutamic acid by valine at aspecific position in the beta chains of hemoglobinleads to sickle cell anemia.1.This change represents which of the followingmutational psartic acidDNA base-pair substitutionDNA base-pair deletionDNA base-pair additionFrame-shift mutation2. The amino acid valine is shown below.Which of the following amino acid substitutionsmight also result in a condition similar to sickle cellanemia?(1)Test Questions are Copyright 1984-2002 by College Entrance Examination Board, Prenceton, NJ. All rights reserved. For face-to-fact teaching purposes, classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions.Web or Mass distribution prohibited. (2) AP is registered traemark of the College Entrance Examination Borard. The College Entrance Examination Board was not involved in the production of and does not endorse thisproduct. Permissionis granted of individual classroom teahcers to reproduce the activity sheets and illustation for their own classroom use. Any other type of reproduction of these material is strictly prohibited.2

Version AQuestions 3-5 refer to the diagrams of the two dimensional and three dimensional structure of a RNA molecule.3. The structures shown are analogous to apolypeptide’sA)B)C)D)5. What is responsible for the three dimensionalstructure of this molecule?primary and quaternary structure.secondary and tertiary structure.quaternary and secondary structure.tertiary and quaternary structure.A) The ionic bonding between the DNA templateand RNA molecule.B) The interaction between hydrophobic andhydrophilic regions on the RNA molecule.C) The covalent bonding between adjacentnucleotides on the RNA molecule.D) The hydrogen bonding between complementarynucleotides.4. The function of this molecule is toA) bond the correct DNA codon with the correctmonosaccharide attached to the tRNA.B) provide structure to the small ribosomal subunitwhile transferring the correct amino acid to apolypeptide chain.C) provide structure and enzymatic activity to aspliceosome.D) bond with the correct mRNA codon whiletransfering the correct amino acid to apolypeptide chain.6. In certain phages and bacteria, there is arecombination system that specifically promotes themutation of a DNA fragment. These mutationevents appear to act as genetic switches allowingthe alternate expression of different sets of geneswhich, in general, code for surface proteins. Arearrangement in the linear sequence of genes asshown in the diagram is known asABCDEF. . . Æ ABDCEF. . n

Version AQuestions 9 and 10 refer to the chart below.7.The FtsZ protein is present in prokaryotes and inchloroplasts. The protein is structurally andfunctionally similar to tubulin proteins ofeukaryotic cells. Which of the following is a likelyconclusion to draw from this information?A) FtsZ and tubulin proteins were both present ina common ancestor.B) Microtubules are involved in the mechanics ofphotosynthesis.C) Tubulin genes are evolutionarily derived fromthe gene that codes for the FtsZ proteinD) The sequences of the genes encoding the FtsZand tubulin proteins are identical.9. Which of the following messenger RNA sequencescould code for both of the two amino acidssequences below, simply by a shift in the readingframe?8. In genetics, a mutation is a change of the nucleotidesequence of the genome of an organism, virus, orextrachromosomal genetic element. Mutationsresult from unrepaired damage to DNA or to RNAgenomes, from errors in the process of replication,or from the insertion or deletion of segments ofDNA by mobile genetic elements. Which of thefollowing is a correct statement about mutations? .A)B)C)D)A) They are a source of variation for evolution.B) They drive evolution by creating mutationpressures.C) They are irreversible.D) They occur in germ cells but not in A.GCUGCUGCUGCU.10. Which of the following DNA strands will code forthe amino acid sequence CGTCGCCGTCGACTCCTTCGCCT

Version AQuestions 11 and 12 refer to the folloiwnginformation.12. In order for an animal such as a pig to express thisgene, one wouldA) have to douse the pig in the flourescentpigment.B) insert mRNA in the sperm of the potentialoffspring.C) insert the flourescent gene in the mRNA of thestem cell that gives rise to epidermal cells.D) insert the DNA gene into the genome of theoocyte of the potential offspring.13. Actinomycin D is an antibiotic drug that inhibitsprotein synthesis by blocking transcription. Insome cells, the application of the drug does notaffect the synthesis of certain proteins. Which ofthe following best explains such an occurrence?A) Protein synthesis is blocked in the cytoplasm atthe ribosome level.B) The proteins that are made are using mRNAsynthesized before application of the drug.C) Nuclear proteins do not require the cytoplasmicmachinery of ribosomes.D) DNA transcription is not necessary for proteinsynthesis.The tobacco plant shown above is expressing agene from fireflies, resulting in the emission oflight.11. A tobacco plant can be made to express a genefrom fireflies, resulting in the emission of light.Which of the following is the basis for thisphenomenon?A) Chloroplasts can be made to produce lightif firefly proteins are injected into plantcells.B) Fireflies and tobacco plants share a recentcommon ancestor.C) Transcription and translation arefundamentally similar in both fireflies andtobacco plants.D) Most enzymes in fireflies have the sameamino acid sequence as the enzymes intobacco plants.4

Version AQuestions 14-16 refer to information in the following table.14. A codon is defined by the initial nucleotide fromwhich translation starts. A single substitution in thethird position would have the greatest probability ofmutational effect on the codonA)B)C)D)16. Some geneticists consider the third base of a codonto be less important than the first two bases as acode for a specific amino acid. All of the followingobservations would support this hypothesisEXCEPT:GUUAUUCGUAUGA) Any of the bases following the CC sequencewill position a proline.B) The triplets CGG and AGG will both code foran arginine.C) The triplets UAA and UAG will both terminatea polypeptide chain.D) An AUU triplet codes for isoleucine, while aUUU triplet codes for phenylalanine.15. Which amino acid has the greatest number ofcodons?A)B)C)D)leucine (leu)proline (pro)tryptophan (trp)glutamic acid (glu)5

Version AQuestions 17-1 9 refer to the diagram below thatdepicts a spliceosome and its role in proteinsynthesis.18. If the spliceosome was nonfunctional, the cellwouldA) alter the process of mitosis.B) produce microtubules that would not functionproperly.C) produce DNA molecules much longer thannormal.D) produce polypeptides much longer than normal.19. Where does the process depicted in the diagramoccur?A)B)C)D)17. The molecule that this organelle is attaching to isA)B)C)D)any nucleotideany polypeptide chainRNADNA6nucleuscytoplasmprokaryotic cellmitochondrion

Version AQuestions 20 and 21 refer to this illustration of a DNA gene that codes for a certain protein.20. Which diagram accurately shows the next step in the production of the protein product?A)B)C)D)21. What enzyme is being used in this process?A) RNA polymeraseB) DNA polymeraseC) reverse transcriptaseD) phosphatase7

Version AQuestions 22 and 23 refer to the following illustration.24. Which of the following is least likely to be true,given that protein synthesis is a core, conservedbiochemical process that all organisms engage in?22. The illustration shows two different scenarios forthe production of proteins. Which of the followingstatements is true?A)A fluorescent gene from a jelly fish can beinserted into bacteria, and the bacteria willglow.B) The mRNA from pancreatic cells can beinjected into a yeast cells resulting in theproduction of the hormone insulin.C) The hormone testosterone can be inserted intothe phloem of an oak tree causing increase inthe girth of the trunk of the tree.D) A plasmid that contains the gene for amplicillinresistance can be inserted into E.coli making itresistant to the antibiotic amplicillin.A) The DNA gene that is the template for thispre-mRNA has been mutated by a deletion.B) Two different spliceosomes were used in theproduction of this mRNA.C) This alternative splicing allows for theproduction of two different proteins from thesame DNA gene.D) One protein will be functional, and the secondprotein will be nonfunctional depending onhow the mRNA was spliced.23. What is the evolutionary advantage of the processillustrated?A) It allows both tRNA and mRNA to betranscribed from the same gene.B) It allows for a greater variety of proteins to beproduced from a smaller number of genes.C) It allows natural selection to eliminatenonfunctional proteins.D) It allows for different classes of spliceosomesto splice different classes of RNA molecules.8

Version AA) There must have been three single nucleotideinsertions in the gene resulting the mutatedprotein.B) There must have been alternative splicing ofthe RNA that resulted in the mutated protein.C) There must have been three different singlenucleotide substitutions that resulted in themutated protein.D) There must have been three differenttranslocation events in the DNA that resulted inthe mutate proteinFor questions 25 and 26 use the informationprovided.26. Strict herbivores have fewer bitter taste genessuch as TAS2R38 than omnivores orcarnivores. Instead, animals that graze onplants have a high tolerance to toxins andlarger livers that are able to break down toxiccompounds. What would be the evolutionaryadvantage to such adaptations?In 1931, a chemist named Arthur Fox waspouring some powdered phenylthiocarbamide(PTC) into a bottle. When some of the powderaccidentally blew into the air, a colleaguestanding nearby complained that the dust tastedbitter. Fox tasted nothing at all. This lead to thediscovery that there is a gene responsible forthe detection of PTC. The gene responsible forthis is TAS2R38 found on chromosomenumber seven. The gene produces a proteinfound as a receptor in the taste buds (those thatdetect bitter substances) of humans. It isresponsible for the detection of PTC and otherrelated bitter compounds. Approximately 75%of the human population can detect thepresence of PTC and the other 25% cannot.PTC is related to a class of toxins and othersubstances commonly found in certain plants.A related substance to PTC is found inBrussels sprouts and explains why so manypeople do not care for brussel sprouts.A) It would allow a greater population ofherbivores to survive, and would be a greaterfood source for carnivores.B) This would give herbivores a greater variety ofplant matter to use as a food resource.C) This would allow the toxins to be sequesteredin the liver which is an organ that carnivores donot eat.D) This would allow carnivores to becomeherbivores as their livers enlarge to break downthe toxins.27.25. It has been found that that this protein found innontasters varies by three amino acids from theprotein that can detect PTC. These three aminoacids are found some distance from oneanother. What changes in TAS2R38 couldaccount for these differences in the proteins?If the illustration shown represents proteinsynthesis in a prokaryotic cell, what would it looklike in a eukaryotic cell?9

Version A28.Suppose that a certain mRNA is transcribed at anormal rate in the nucleus, but is found at a verylow level in the cytoplasm. Which of the followingwould be the most plausible explanation for thisphenomenon?A) A defect in the addition of the poly-A-tail onthe pre-mRNA.B) A defect in the spliceosome.C) A defect in the RNA polymerase andenhancers.D) An overactive terminator regionA)29. People who have phenylketonuria (PKU) areunable to synthesize an enzyme necessary in thebiochemical pathway converting the amino acid,phenylalanine to the amino acid, tyrosine. Thisresults in the accumulation of phenylalanine. Thephenylalanine is then converted to phenylpyruvate.Excess amounts of this substance can result inmental retardation and seizures in infants who havethis genetic defect.B)It has been determined that there are actuallyhundreds of different mutations in this gene that allresult in PKU. This results in a nonfunctioningenzyme or protein being produced.Conventional treatment for infants diagnosed withthis disorder is a diet low in phenylalanine for therest of their lives. If one could correct this disorderthrough gene therapy, what would be the mostlogical approach?C)A) Engineer a gene that would convertphenylalanine to tyrosine.B) Engineer a gene that would synthesize tyrosinefrom other amino acids.C) Engineer a gene that would produce an enzymeto digest tyrosine.D) Engineer a gene to for a transport protein thatincreases absorption of phenylalanine innervous tissue.D)10

Version AUse the information shown for questions 30-32.30. Which of the following illustrations represents thenext step in translation?11

Version A32. If a mutation occurs in the last codon shown andguanine is substituted for the cytosine, which of thefollowing statements is true?A) The anticodon is now UAG.B) The amino acid found on the tRNA will now betryptophan.C) The amino acid found on the tRNA will now bemethionine.D) This codes for a termination factor.A)B)C)D)31. What is the anticodon found on the object labeledI.?A)B)C)D)trymetAUGGUA12

AP Biology Proteein Synthessis Unit ExaamPart B Directions:DTheseTthree questionsqreqquire numeriic answers. CCalculate the correct ansswerfor each question, annd enter yourr answer on thet grid folloowing each qquestion. Exxamples ofcorrect enntry for the grid-ingquesttions are shoown below. TThe actual qquestions forr this exam bbeginon the neext page.Integer AnswerAIntegerr AnswerDecimmal AnswerFractiion Answer(1) Test Questionss are Copyright 1984--2012 by College Entrannce Examination Board, Princeton, NJ. All rightss reserved. For face-to-fface teaching purposes, cclassroom teachers are ppermittedto reproduce the questions.qWeb or Mass distribution prohibited. (2)( AP is a registered trademarktof the Collegee Entrance Examinationn Board. The College Enttrance Examination Boaard wasnot involved in thhe production of and does not endorse this product. Permission is grantedd for individual classroomom teachers to reproducee the activity sheets and iillustrations for their owwnclassroom use. Anny other type of reproduction of these materials isi strictly prohibited.

Part B Dirrections: Partt B consists off three questioons requiringg numeric answwers. Calcullate the correcctanswer foor each questioon, and enter the line on thhe answer sheeet.1. If theree were a novel species of organismothat used only twwo nucleotidess tocode forr a particular amino acid, whatw would beb the maximuum number fooramino acidsathat couuld be coded forf taking intoo account thatt there has to be astart andd terminationn codons.2. HowH many ammino acids wouuld occur in a polypeptide coded by thee sequencebeelow? Refer tot the codon chartcshown to support youur answer.AUUG UAC GCCU UGC UAGG UGC GUAA UAG(1) Test Questionss are Copyright 1984--2012 by College Entrannce Examination Board, Princeton, NJ. All rightss reserved. For face-to-fface teaching purposes, cclassroom teachers are ppermittedto reproduce the questions.qWeb or Mass distribution prohibited. (2)( AP is a registered trademarktof the Collegee Entrance Examinationn Board. The College Enttrance Examination Boaard wasnot involved in thhe production of and does not endorse this product. Permission is grantedd for individual classroomom teachers to reproducee the activity sheets and iillustrations for their owwnclassroom use. Anny other type of reproduction of these materials isi strictly prohibited.

3. Iff a particular proteinpcontaiins 178 aminoo acids. Thee first amino aacid onthhis polypeptidde chain is meethionine. Theere are 367 nnucleotides thhatmake-upmthe inntrons containn in this gene. Determine tthe number ofnuucleotides thaat make up the coding and noncoding reegions of the genefrrom the start codoncto the terminationtcoodon. Includde the nucleottides thatcoonsist of the startsand stop codons.(1) Test Questionss are Copyright 1984--2012 by College Entrannce Examination Board, Princeton, NJ. All rightss reserved. For face-to-fface teaching purposes, cclassroom teachers are ppermittedto reproduce the questions.qWeb or Mass distribution prohibited. (2)( AP is a registered trademarktof the Collegee Entrance Examinationn Board. The College Enttrance Examination Boaard wasnot involved in thhe production of and does not endorse this product. Permission is grantedd for individual classroomom teachers to reproducee the activity sheets and iillustrations for their owwnclassroom use. Anny other type of reproduction of these materials isi strictly prohibited.

Name:PeriodVersion BAP* Biology: Protein SynthesisDirections: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by four suggested answers or completions.Select the one that is best in each case and enter the appropriate letter in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.1. Actinomycin D is an antibiotic drug that inhibits protein synthesis by blocking transcription. In some cells, theapplication of the drug does not affect the synthesis of certain proteins. Which of the following best explains suchan occurrence?A)B)C)D)Protein synthesis is blocked in the cytoplasm at the ribosome level.The proteins that are made are using mRNA synthesized before application of the drug.Nuclear proteins do not require the cytoplasmic machinery of ribosomes.DNA transcription is not necessary for protein synthesis.Questions 2 and 3 refer to the following illustration.2. The illustration shows two different scenarios forthe production of proteins. Which of the followingstatements is true?A) The DNA gene that is the template for thispre-mRNA has been mutated by a deletion.B) Two different spliceosomes were used in theproduction of this mRNA.C) This alternative splicing allows for theproduction of two different proteins from thesame DNA gene.D) One protein will be functional, and the secondprotein will be nonfunctional depending onhow the mRNA was spliced.3. What is the evolutionary advantage of the processillustrated?A) It allows both tRNA and mRNA to betranscribed from the same gene.B) It allows for a greater variety of proteins to beproduced from a smaller number of genes.C) It allows natural selection to eliminatenonfunctional proteins.D) It allows for different classes of spliceosomesto splice different classes of RNA molecules.(1)Test Questions are Copyright 1984-2002 by College Entrance Examination Board, Prenceton, NJ. All rights reserved. For face-to-fact teaching purposes, classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions.Web or Mass distribution prohibited. (2) AP is registered traemark of the College Entrance Examination Borard. The College Entrance Examination Board was not involved in the production of and does not endorse thisproduct. Permissionis granted of individual classroom teahcers to reproduce the activity sheets and illustation for their own classroom use. Any other type of reproduction of these material is strictly prohibited.1

Version B4. In genetics, a mutation is a change of the nucleotidesequence of the genome of an organism, virus, orextrachromosomal genetic element. Mutationsresult from unrepaired damage to DNA or to RNAgenomes, from errors in the process of replication,or from the insertion or deletion of segments ofDNA by mobile genetic elements. Which of thefollowing is a correct statement about mutations?A) They are a source of variation for evolution.B) They drive evolution by creating mutationpressures.C) They are irreversible.D) They occur in germ cells but not in somaticcells.Questions 5-7 refer to the diagrams of the two dimensional and three dimensional structure of a RNA molecule.5. The structures shown are analogous to apolypeptide’sA)B)C)D)primary and quaternary structure.secondary and tertiary structure.quaternary and secondary structure.tertiary and quaternary structure.2

Version B6. The function of this molecule is to7. What is responsible for the three dimensionalstructure of this molecule?A) bond the correct DNA codon with the correctmonosaccharide attached to the tRNA.B) provide structure to the small ribosomal subunitwhile transferring the correct amino acid to apolypeptide chain.C) provide structure and enzymatic activity to aspliceosome.D) bond with the correct mRNA codon whiletransfering the correct amino acid to apolypeptide chain.A) The ionic bonding between the DNA templateand RNA molecule.B) The interaction between hydrophobic andhydrophilic regions on the RNA molecule.C) The covalent bonding between adjacentnucleotides on the RNA molecule.D) The hydrogen bonding between complementarynucleotides.3

Version BUse the information shown for questions 8-10.8. What is the anticodon found on the object labeledI.?A)B)C)D)trymetAUGGUA4

Version B9. If a mutation occurs in the last codon shown andguanine is substituted for the cytosine, which of thefollowing statements is true?10. Which of the following illustrations represents thenext step in translation?A) The anticodon is now UAG.B) The amino acid found on the tRNA will now betryptophan.C) The amino acid found on the tRNA will now bemethionine.D) This codes for a termination factor.A)B)C)D)5

Version BQuestions 12-14 refer to the diagram below thatdepicts a spliceosome and its role in proteinsynthesis.11. People who have phenylketonuria (PKU) areunable to synthesize an enzyme necessary in thebiochemical pathway converting the amino acid,phenylalanine to the amino acid, tyrosine. Thisresults in the accumulation of phenylalanine. Thephenylalanine is then converted to phenylpyruvate.Excess amounts of this substance can result inmental retardation and seizures in infants who havethis genetic defect.It has been determined that there are actuallyhundreds of different mutations in this gene that allresult in PKU. This results in a nonfunctioningenzyme or protein being produced.Conventional treatment for infants diagnosed withthis disorder is a diet low in phenylalanine for therest of their lives. If one could correct this disorderthrough gene therapy, what would be the mostlogical approach?A) Engineer a gene that would convertphenylalanine to tyrosine.B) Engineer a gene that would synthesize tyrosinefrom other amino acids.C) Engineer a gene that would produce an enzymeto digest tyrosine.D) Engineer a gene to for a transport protein thatincreases absorption of phenylalanine innervous tissue.12. The molecule that this organelle is attaching to isA)B)C)D)any nucleotideany polypeptide chainRNADNA13. If the spliceosome was nonfunctional, the cellwouldA) alter the process of mitosis.B) produce microtubules that would not functionproperly.C) produce DNA molecules much longer thannormal.D) produce polypeptides much longer than normal.14. Where does the process depicted in the diagramoccur?A)B)C)D)6nucleuscytoplasmprokaryotic cellmitochondrion

Version BQuestions 15-17 refer to information in the following table.15. Which amino acid has the greatest number ofcodons?A)B)C)D)17. Some geneticists consider the third base of a codonto be less important than the first two bases as acode for a specific amino acid. All of the followingobservations would support this hypothesisEXCEPT:leucine (leu)proline (pro)tryptophan (trp)glutamic acid (glu)A) Any of the bases following the CC sequencewill position a proline.B) The triplets CGG and AGG will both code foran arginine.C) The triplets UAA and UAG will both terminatea polypeptide chain.D) An AUU triplet codes for isoleucine, while aUUU triplet codes for phenylalanine.16. A codon is defined by the initial nucleotide fromwhich translation starts. A single substitution in thethird position would have the greatest probability ofmutational effect on the codonA)B)C)D)GUUAUUCGUAUG7

Version BQuestions 18 and 19 refer to the folloiwnginformation.19. A tobacco plant can be made to express a genefrom fireflies, resulting in the emission of light.Which of the following is the basis for thisphenomenon?A) Chloroplasts can be made to produce lightif firefly proteins are injected into plantcells.B) Fireflies and tobacco plants share a recentcommon ancestor.C) Transcription and translation arefundamentally similar in both fireflies andtobacco plants.D) Most enzymes in fireflies have the sameamino acid sequence as the enzymes intobacco plants.20.The tobacco plant shown above is expressing agene from fireflies, resulting in the emission oflight.Suppose that a certain mRNA is transcribed at anormal rate in the nucleus, but is found at a verylow level in the cytoplasm. Which of the followingwould be the most plausible explanation for thisphenomenon?A) A defect in the addition of the poly-A-tail onthe pre-mRNA.B) A defect in the spliceosome.C) A defect in the RNA polymerase andenhancers.D) An overactive terminator region18. In order for an animal such as a pig to express thisgene, one wouldA) have to douse the pig in the flourescentpigment.B) insert mRNA in the sperm of the potentialoffspring.C) insert the flourescent gene in the mRNA of thestem cell that gives rise to epidermal cells.D) insert the DNA gene into the genome of theoocyte of the potential offspring.21. In certain phages and bacteria, there is arecombination system that specifically promotes themutation of a DNA fragment. These mutationevents appear to act as genetic switches allowingthe alternate expression of different sets of geneswhich, in general, code for surface proteins. Arearrangement in the linear sequence of genes asshown in the diagram is known asABCDEF. . . Æ ABDCEF. . n

Version BQuestions 22 and 23 refer to this illustration of a DNA gene that codes for a certain protein.22. What enzyme is being used in this process?A) RNA polymeraseB) DNA polymeraseC) reverse transcriptaseD) phosphatase23. Which diagram accurately shows the next step in the production of the protein product?A)B)C)D)9

Version BA) There must have been three single nucleotideinsertions in the gene resulting the mutatedprotein.B) There must have been alternative splicing ofthe RNA that resulted in the mutated protein.C) There must have been three different singlenucleotide substitutions that resulted in themutated protein.D) There must have been three differenttranslocation events in the DNA that resulted inthe mutate proteinFor questions 24 and 25 use the informationprovided.25. Strict herbivores have fewer bitter taste genessuch as TAS2R38 than omnivores orcarnivores. Instead, animals that graze onplants have a high tolerance to toxins andlarger livers that are able to break down toxiccompounds. What would be the evolutionaryadvantage to such adaptations?In 1931, a chemist named Arthur Fox waspouring some powdered phenylthiocarbamide(PTC) into a bottle. When some of the powderaccidentally blew into the air, a colleaguestanding nearby complained that the dust tastedbitter. Fox tasted nothing at all. This lead to thediscovery that there is a gene responsible forthe detection of PTC. The gene responsible forthis is TAS2R38 found on chromosomenumber seven. The gene produces a proteinfound as a receptor in the taste buds (those thatdetect bitter substances) of humans. It isresponsible for the detection of PTC and otherrelated bitter compounds. Approximately 75%of the human population can detect thepresence of PTC and the other 25% cannot.PTC is related to a class of toxins and othersubstances commonly found in certain plants.A related substance to PTC is found inBrussels sprouts and explains why so manypeople do not care for brussel sprouts.A) It would allow a greater population ofherbivores to survive, and would be a greaterfood source for carnivores.B) This would give herbivores a greater variety ofplant matter to use as a food resource.C) This would allow the toxins to be sequesteredin the liver which is an organ that carnivores donot eat.D) This would allow carnivores to becomeherbivores as their livers enlarge to break downthe toxins.26.24. It has been found that that this protein found innontasters varies by three amino acids from theprotein that can detect PTC. These three aminoacids are found some distance from oneanother. What changes in TAS2R38 couldaccount for these differences in the proteins?If the illustration shown represents proteinsynthesis in a prokaryotic cell, what would it looklike in a eukaryotic cell?10

Version BQuestions 30 and 31 refer to the chart below.29. The amino acid valine is shown below.Which of the following amino acid substitutionsmight also result in a condition similar to sickle cellanemia?A)threonine30. Which of the following messenger RNA sequencescould code for both of the two amino aci

Questions 17-1 9 refer to the diagram below that depicts a spliceosome and its role in protein synthesis. 17. The molecule that this organelle is attaching to is A) any nucleotide B) any polypeptide chain C) RNA D) DNA 18. If the spliceosome was nonfunctional, the cell would A) alter the p

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