Gasket - Flexitallic USA

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Gasket CRITERIA.

Gasket Design CriteriaTable of ContentsPageManufacturing Units2Introduction3Section I - Gasket SelectionChange Gasket .Sheet Materials .Thermiculite .PTFE Products - Sigma .PTFE Products - Fluoroseal .Flexitallic Flexicarb .Compressed Fiber Gasket .Core4 Sheet Products .Sheet Materials Chemical Compatibility Chart .Insulating Sets .Metal Jacketed Gaskets .Spiral Wound Gasket .Sizing of Spiral Wound Gaskets .Flexpro Gasket .Metal Reinforced Gasket (MRG) .CPR Gasket .Ring Type Joint (RTJ) .Specialized Ring Type Joint .Lens Ring .Weld Gasket .46891214151617182123263436373738404142Section II - Joint Integrity CalculationsASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code Calculations .PVRC Method .434448Section III - Gasket InstallationBolt Torque Sequence .Recommended Torque .Torque Required to Produce Bolt Stress .Installation .Flexitallic’s Flange Assembly and Proper Bolting Procedures Seminar .Troubleshooting .50515458595960Section IV - Useful Technical DataMetallic Gasket Materials .Useful Material Data .Bolting Data .Flange Facing Dimensions .Ordering Flexitallic Gaskets for Special Flange Designs .Metric Unit Conversions .Terms .61616364676870721

Manufacturing UnitsOwned Manufacturing PlantsBranch Offices & WarehousesFlexitallic US, LLC6915 HWY 225, Deer Park,TX, USATel: 1 281 604 2400The Sealex GroupGreen, EnglandTel: 44 (0)845 450 4353Flexitallic US, LLC35238 HWY 30, Geismar, LA, USATel: 1 225 442 3580The Sealex GroupCheshire, EnglandTel: 44 (0)151 357 1551Flexitallic UK, LtdCleckheaton, UKTel: 44 1274 851 273The Sealex GroupCardiff, WalesTel: 44 (0)2920 487646Custom Rubber Products2625 BenningtonHouston, TX, USATel: 1 713 691 2211LicenseesEuroguarco SpAArcola, SpainTel: 39 187 562611Flexitallic Sealing Technology(Suzhou) Co., Ltd.Wujiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China Tel: 86 512 6303 2839Euro Trade CompanyAlexandria, EgyptTel: 002 03 57 41 380Flexitallic Canada, Ltd EdmontonAlberta, CanadaTel: 1 780 466 5050Eriks BV.Rotterdam, NetherlandsTel: 31 72 514 1514SIEM SupraniteParis, FranceTel: 33 1 48 88 88 88Eriks Pte Ltd.SingaporeTel: 65 62 72 24 05Flexitallic Middle East LLCKingdom of Saudi ArabiaTel: 0096-3-8089635GHX, Inc.Houston, TX, USATel: 1 713 222 2231Flexitallic LLCRas Al Khaimah, UAETel: 971 (0)7 243 4305Industrial Gasket & Supply Torrance,CA, USATel: 1 310 530 1771Joint VenturesDooley Gasket and Seal Co.Broomall, PA, USATel: 1 610 328 2720Equiter S.A. de C.V.Guadalajara, MexicoTel: 52 3 612 8483Lake Charles RubberLake Charles, LA, USATel: 1 337 433 1002Novus Sealing Caspian LLP Atyrau,Republic of Kazakhstan T: Tel: 7(7122) 251103Special Piping Material Ltd.Delta State, NigeriaTel: 234 53 254 767Branch Offices & WarehousesThe Sealex GroupAberdeen, Scotland, UKTel: 44 1224 725241Alliance Sealing Pty Ltd. Brisbane,AustraliaTel: 61 (0)7 3212 5399The Sealex Group Middlesbrough,EnglandTel: 44 (0)1642 245906Note: Over 500 stocking distributors in over 40countries strategically located to serve the world.2

FLEXITALLIC GASKET DESIGN CRITERIAIntroductionFLEXITALLIC, the world’s leading manufacturer and supplier of static seals and the originator of the Spiral Wound Gasket, iscommitted to sealing solutions for today’s industry. With greater emphasis than ever before placed on joint tightness, more attention is focused toward variables associated with the integrity of the bolted gasketed joint. Flexitallic Gasket Design Criteria manual offers the engineer and end user assistance in meeting the goal of providing fundamentally sound static sealing practice.Developed and collated by Flexitallic’s worldwide team of engineers, this publication is the “engineer’s handbook” of static sealstechnology.Flexitallic has identified three factors which must be considered to achieve a leaktight joint Gasket Selection Gasket Design Gasket InstallationThe GasketA gasket is a compressible material, or a combination of materials, which when clampedbetween two stationary members prevents the passage of the media across those members.The gasket material selected must be capable of sealing mating surfaces, resistant to themedium being sealed, and able to withstand the application temperatures and pressures.Overcoming Flange ImperfectionsDistortiontroughScoringsHow Does It Work?A seal is effected by the action of force upon the gasket surface. This force which compresses the gasket, causes it to flow into the flange macro and micro imperfections. Thecombination of contact stress, generated by the applied force between the gasket and theflange, and the densification of the gasket material, prevents the escape of the confined fluidfrom the angesFlange ImperfectionsOn seating, the gasket must be capable of overcoming the macro and micro imperfections.Macro defects are imperfections such as flange distortions, non-parallelism, scoring,troughs, while superficial imperfections such as minor scratches and minor scores are considered micro imperfections. Refer to ASME PCC-1 for information on acceptable flangeblemishes.BoltLoadHydrostaticEnd ForceForces On The GasketIn order to ensure the maintenance of the seal throughout the life expectancy of the assembly, sufficient stress must remain on the gasket surface to prevent leakage. The residual boltload on the gasket should at all times be greater than the hydrostatic end force acting againstit.Blow OutForceGasketThe hydrostatic end force is the force produced by the internal pressure which acts to separate the flanges.Considerations For Gasket SelectionMany factors should be considered when selecting a gasket to ensure its suitability for theintended application. Gasket properties as well as flange configuration and applicationdetails are part of the selection process.Internal Pressure is exertedagainst both the flange and thegasket.3

SECTION IGasket SelectionGaskets can be classified into three categories: soft cut, semi-metallic and metallic types.The physical properties and performance of a gasket will vary extensively, depending on the type of gasket selected and the materialsfrom which it is manufactured.Physical properties are important factors when considering gasket design and the primary selection of a gasket type is based on the following: Temperature of the media to be contained Pressure of the media to be contained Corrosive nature of the application Criticality of the applicationSoft CutSheet materials are used in low to medium pressure services. With careful selection thesegaskets are not only suitable for general service but also for extreme chemical services andtemperatures.Types: Compressed Fiber Sheets, PTFE, Biaxially Orientated Reinforced PTFE, Graphite,Thermiculite , Insulating Gaskets.Semi-metallicThese are composite gaskets consisting of both metallic and non-metallic materials. Themetal provides the strength and the resilience of the gasket and the non-metallic componentprovides the conformable sealing material. These gaskets are suitable for low and high pressure and temperature applications. A wide range of materials is available.Types: Spiral Wound Gaskets, Flexpro Gaskets (grooved metal gasket with covering layers),Metal Jacketed Gaskets, MRG’s (metal reinforced gaskets).MetallicThese gaskets can be fabricated in a variety of shapes and sizes recommended for use in highpressure/temperature applications. Except for weld ring gaskets, high loads are required toseat metallic gaskets, as they rely on the deformation or coining of the material into theflange surfaces.Types: Ring Type Joints, Lens Rings, Weld Rings, Solid Metal Gaskets.4

t SelectionGasket SelectionService Class 300 Service Class 300YesYesNoCritical ServiceRTJ type flange or RTJ type flange or Class 600 Class 600Yesange intendedor RTJ typeNoYesNo YesUse UseSWG,RTJFlexpro, orWeld RingCritical ServiceYesNoYesNoUse LS,SWG,Flexpro,MRG, WeldRing, or ChangeUseUse LS,Soft CutSWG,Flexpro,MRG, WeldRing, or ChangeNoCritical ServiceFlange intendedfor RTJ typeNoNoCritical eldWeld Ring,Ringor ChangeUseUseSWG,SWG,Flexpro,Flexpro,Change,Weld Ring,WeldRing,or Change(Thermiculite 815,Flexicarb ST/RGS3)*Use Soft CutUseSWG,Flexpro,Change,Weld Ring,(Thermiculite 815,Flexicarb ST/RGS3)*ing materialand sealingmetal typeon basisservice,and medium.Selectmaterialand ofmetaltype temperature,on basis of service,temperature, and medium.skets shouldbe of shouldthe minimumwith the styleof the flangesbe sealed,and to be sealed, andSoftalwayscut gasketsalwaysthicknessbe of theconsistentminimum thicknessconsistentwith thetostyleof the flangeswith the medium.compatible with the medium.eratures, *Highbut nottemperatures,higher than Class300pressurebut nothigherthan rating.Class 300 pressure rating.55

Change GasketEVERYTHING IS ABOUT TO CHANGE.Introducing the spiral wound gasket that reinvents the category.When Flexitallic invented the spiral wound gasket in 1912, there was nothing like it. 100 years of innovation later, we introduced theChange gasket.The Change gasket design combines aspects of both a traditional spiral wound gasket and a kammprofile, improving upon both usingreinvented winding wire 5-times thicker than traditional spiral wound wire. The new proprietary, heavy gauge metal wire is formedwith a functional edge that simulates the serration profile of a grooved metal gasket (kammprofile) and held together via a unique andoptimized laser welding process. The result – an incredibly robust and resilient semi-metallic gasket capable of out performing evenour famed Heat Treated Inconel X-750 winding wire.Cross Sectional CutawayHeavy gauge winding wireWound like a spiral. Faced like a kammprofile.Edge simulates the serrationof a kammprofile.A high level of stored energy gives the Changegasket superior recovery.Recovery is essential to overcoming: Temperature swings inherent to the process Temperature swings from shutdowns planned and unexpected (not every gasket isreplaced) Differential thermal expansion (ex. Heatexchangers) Flange bending & stresses Pipe strainMaximize gasket recovery to eliminate: Safety risks with hot-torquing Difficult assembly with spring washersGasket Constants ASME m2.5ASME Y6,400 psiPVRC Gb1,124 psiPVRC aPVRC Gs60.2516.1 psiProfile of Change wire woundtogether beneath the facing.COMPRESSION VS. RECOVERY18,000 PSI (124 MPa) GASKET STRESSGasket Style% Compression% Recovery*Change3034CGI, HT X-7502434CGI, 316LSS3026DJ267Kammprofile256*Recovery is a function of compression.% Recovery distance recoveredx 100distance compressedRecovery percentages are not directly comparable without taking Compressioninto consideration.

Change Gasket24 Day, 24 Thermal Cycle TestThis end user specified extended thermal cycle test was designed to evaluate the performance of commonly used semi-metallic gaskets throughout industry. The requested test was to simulate the potential temperature excursions of a moderately efficient refinerybetween major outages with no bolted joint re-torque. The end user designed rig utilizes internal heating elements to better simulatea real world joint. Each gasket was cycled from ambient to 320 C (608 F) while sealing initial nitrogen pressure of 33 bar (478 psi).Leakage was measured via pressure drop with pass/fail criteria set to 1 bar (14.5 psi) max allowable loss.Pressure vs. Thermal Cycle480ChangeHT X750475KammPressure (psi)470Spiral465CMG460DJFail455450Thermal Cycle Rig 4” Class 300 B16 Studs Internal heating element4450510152025Thermal Cycle NumberThe Change gasket lost only 1.5 psig total and even outperformed a spiralwound with Heat Treated Inconel X-750 (HT X750) winding wire.Standard WindingsAvailableMaterialsFiller & FacingLocatingDimensions304 SS & 316 SS for 0.125” and 0.177”347 SS and Inc 625 for 0.177”Additional materials available for quote,longer lead timeFlexible graphite - StandardPTFE and Thermiculite also availableCarbon Steel outer guide ring; tabs for larger ODMinimum Diameter1” IDMaximum Diameter80” ID0.125” windings 24”0.177” windings 24”ThicknessOption of 0.125” between 24 to 40” (engineering discretion)0.020” facing, all gasketsMaximumRadial WidthUp to 20” ID3/4”20 to 40” ID1/2”0.177” up to 80” ID1”MinimumRadial Width3/8”AvailableShapesRound, Small ovalSpiral WoundGasketFlexpro(kammprofile)CHANGEGasketBlowout ResistantYesYesYesExcellent TightnessYesYesYesExcellent RecoveryYes, improved withHT Inc X-750NoYesYes, HT Inc X750RecommendedNoYesGood HandleabilityNoYesYesLow Seating StressNot in c ConditionsUse on Nubbin**Ask Flexitallic Engineering how the Change gaskethas been successfully tested and used on flangeswith nubbins.7

Sheet MaterialsWith the shift to soft cut gaskets, gasket manufacturers havedeveloped a myriad of products.Some of the initial materialsdeveloped proved inferior totheir predecessors in regard totemperature, chemical resistance, creep resistance and sealing characteristics.Flexitallic has developed a widerange of compressed fiber gasket sheet products. Some ofthese products have been fiberreinforced grades, manufactured by the traditional calendering or sheeter process. Otherproduct ranges are fiber-freeand some of these materials have exceptionally good properties.Flexitallic Thermiculite is a versatile gasket material based upon the exfoliated vermiculite mineral. Theproduct is available with a metal reinforced core or coreless and is designed for use at temperatures whichexceed the capability of graphite based sheets.The Flexitallic Sigma range of biaxially orientated PTFE products has superb chemical resistance, farexceeding that of CAF. These materials can be used at temperatures from cryogenic to 260 C (500 F).Being intrinsically clean they are especially suitable for use in the food, pharmaceutical and electronicsindustries.Flexicarb is the name given to Flexitallic’s range of graphite based products. The range includes graphitefoil as well as graphite laminates which contain reinforcing metal cores to overcome the fragility of thenon-reinforced foil. Graphite products have excellent stress retention properties and are resistant to mostchemical media with the exception of strong oxidizing agents. Reinforced Flexicarb sheets are the standard sealing product for many arduous applications in the petrochemical and refining industries.The Flexitallic SF product ranges are rubber bound, fiber reinforced sheets made by the traditional calendering or sheeter process. A wide range of fiber types are used, often in combination, ranging from cellulose, rockwool and glass to aramid and carbon.Soft cut gasket sheets are typically used in Class 150 or Class 300 flanges. The temperature capability ofthe fiber/rubber products is highly thickness dependent, with thin gaskets having a wider service envelopethan thicker ones.8

Thermiculite Exclusive to Flexitallic, this revolutionary material comprised of chemically and thermally exfoliatedvermiculite simulates the structure of exfoliated graphite, with one notable exception – it maintainsintegrity through a wide range of extreme temperatures. Vermiculite’s thin, flexible, soft plates can beexfoliated like graphite. They retain the sealability and low porosity of graphite, but unlike graphite,Flexitallic’s Thermiculite sheet materials will not oxidize at high temperatures.Graphite’s stress-loss due to oxidation has led to many examples of gasket failure. Independent testing of industrial grade graphite indicates a temperature limit of 650 F (340 C) for continuous serviceover 5 years. Thermiculite however is thermally stable and maintains its integrity at temperatures upto 1800 F (982 C), protecting against thermal oxidation (see graph on page 9). Independent testing atTTRL (Tightness, Testing, and Research Laboratory) in Montreal illustrates Thermiculite’s excellentsealing properties and is shown on the following page.Vermiculite’s thin, flexible, softplates can be

Flexitallic Gasket Design Criteria man- ual offers the engineer and end user assistance in meeting the goal of providing fundamentally sound static sealing practice. Developed and collated by Flexitallic’s worldwide team of engineers, this publication is the “engineer’s handbook” of static seals

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FLEXITALLIC GASKET DESIGN CRITERIA Introduction FLEXITALLIC, the world's leading manufacturer and supplier of static seals and the originator of the Spiral Wound Gasket, is committed to sealing solutions for today's industry. With greater emphasis than ever before placed on joint tightness, more atten-

applications, Flexitallic invented the spiral wound gasket in 1912. SPIRAL WOUND GASKETS First and Foremost The concept of spiral wound gasket construction was originated by Flexitallic in 1912, starting a new era in safe, effective sealing. The primary purpose for this development was the increasingly severe temperatures and pressures used

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