PRACTICAL PIPING COURSE - Engineering Design & Analysis
PRACTICAL PIPING COURSEOUTLINE1. Introduction1.1. Definition of Piping1.2. Piping Nomenclature & Components1.3. Regulatory Acts, Codes & Standards1.4. Line Designation TablesProblem Set 12. Codes & Standards2.1. ASME2.2. NEPA / NFC / NFPA2.3. CSA2.4. MSS2.5. API2.6. ASTMProblem Set 23. Supplemental Documents3.1. Owner’s Specifications & Documents3.2. Contractor’s Standards & DocumentsProblem Set 334689101213141516172021214. Piping Design4.1. Failure Mechanisms4.2. Code Considerations for Design4.3. Material Selection4.4. Fabricated Tees & Area Reinforcement4.5. Piping Flexibility Analysis22233444455. References46EDAEngineering Design & Analysis LtdCopyright 2012
Practical Piping CourseDisclaimer !This short course is not a substitute for accessing and using the Codes directly in conformanceto generally accepted engineering practice.Consult the appropriate Codes and references prior to designing and engineering any pipingsystems.In some jurisdictions, a Professional Engineer must design pressure piping.EDAEngineering Design & Analysis LtdCopyright 20122
Practical Piping Course1.0Introduction1.1Definition of PipingPipe is a pressure tight cylinder used to convey a fluid or to transmit a fluid pressure,ordinarily designated pipe in applicable material specifications. Materials designated tubeor tubing in the specifications are treated as pipe when intended for pressure service.Piping is an assembly of piping components used to convey, distribute, mix, separate,discharge, meter, control or snub fluid flows. Piping also includes pipe-supportingelements but does not include support structures, such as building frames, bents,foundations, or any equipment excluded from Code definitions.Piping components are mechanical elements suitable for joining or assembly intopressure-tight fluid containing piping systems. Components include pipe, tubing, fittings,flanges, gaskets, bolting, valves and devices such as expansion joints, flexible joints,pressure hoses, traps, strainers, in-line portions of instruments and separators.Piping is typically round.EDAEngineering Design & Analysis LtdCopyright 20123
Practical Piping Course1.2Piping Nomenclature, ComponentsGraphic of piping system illustrating headerbranch connectionvalveflangeexpansion jointexpansion looppipe supportreducerelbowEDAEngineering Design & Analysis LtdCopyright 20124
Practical Piping CoursePipe system essentials:Header Main run of pipingTake off Branch runStub in Branch fitting connection made to header by direct attachment ofbranchBranchreinforcement Material added in the vicinity of a branch opening to restore themechanical integrity of the pipeNPS Nominal pipe sizePipe support Support elements which serve to maintain the structural integrityof the piping system, these are typically non-linear elementsSpring support Support provided by an element composed of a spring assembly,these are linear support elementsSnubber Support provided by an element composed of a non-linear,damping elementCategory D Within reference of B31.3, a service classificationCategory M Within reference of B31.3, a service classificationExpansiblefluid Any vapour or gaseous substance, any liquid under such pressureand temperature such that when pressure is reduced toatmospheric, will change to a gasHydro test Test pressure 1.5 x MAWP (some of the time)MAWP Maximum allowable working pressureMDMT Minimum design metal temperatureFracturetoughness Typically measured by CVN (Charpy V Number) at MDMTEDAEngineering Design & Analysis LtdCopyright 20125
Practical Piping Course1.3Regulatory Acts, Codes & StandardsCodesCodes are rules for the design of prescribed systems which are given the force of lawthrough provincial, state and federal legislation. In Canada, provincial governments havethe responsibility for public safety which includes these facilities, among others: Pressure pipingPressure vesselsBoilersPipelinesPlumbing systemsGas pipingAlberta Safety Codes Acts and Codes of PracticeThe following are applicable to the first four facilities listed above.Boilers and Pressure Vessels Regulation Prescribes requirements for registration of pressure vessels, boilers, pressurepiping and fittingsDesign, Construction and Installation of Boilers and Pressure Vessels Regulations Cites the codes and “bodies of rules” that form part of the regulations CSA B51 Boiler, Pressure Vessel and Pressure Piping Code CSA B52 Mechanical Refrigeration Code CAN/CSA Z184 Gas Pipeline Systems ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code ASME B31 Pressure Piping Codes B31.1 Power Piping B31.3 Process Piping B31.4 Liquid Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons, Liquid PetroleumGas, Anhydrous Ammonia and Alcohols B31.5 Refrigeration Piping ANSI K61.1 Safety Requirements for the Storage and Handling of AnhydrousAmmonia NFPA 58 Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied PetroleumGases DOT Regulations of the Department of Transportation Governing theTransportation of Hazardous Materials in Tank Motor Vehicles MSS Standard Practice SP 25 Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings,Flanges and Unions TEMA Standards of Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers AssociationEDAEngineering Design & Analysis LtdCopyright 20126
Practical Piping CoursePipeline ActCites the “minimum requirements for the design, construction, testing, operation,maintenance and repair of pipelines”: CSA Z662 Oil and Gas Pipeline SystemsCAN/CSA Z183 Oil Pipeline Systems (superceded)CAN/CSA Z184 Gas Pipeline Systems (superceded)CSA Z169 Aluminum Pipe and Pressure Piping SystemsCanadian Petroleum Association Recommended Practice for Liquid PetroleumPipeline Leak Prevention and Detection in the Province of AlbertaIn the US:As in Canada, some facilities are governed by federal regulations. Interstate pipelinefacilities are defined by the: Code of Federal Regulations, Title 49 Part 192 Transportation of Natural and Other Gas by Pipeline – MinimumFederal Safety Standards Part 193 Liquefied Natural Gas Facilities Part 195 Transportation of Hazardous Liquids by PipelineOther pipeline pressure piping codes include: ASME B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons andOther LiquidsASME B31.8 Gas Transmission and Distribution SystemsEDAEngineering Design & Analysis LtdCopyright 20127
Practical Piping Course1.4Line Designation TablesThe Province of Alberta Safety Codes Act "Design, Construction and Installation ofBoilers & Pressure Vessels Regulations" par 7(2) requires that construction of a pressurepiping system must include submission of drawings, specifications and other informationand include:(a) flow or line diagrams showing the general arrangement of all boilers, pressurevessels, pressure piping systems and fittings(b) pipeline identification lists showing the maximum pressures and temperatures foreach pressure piping system(c) a list of pressure relief devices, including the set pressure(d) material specifications, size, schedule and primary service rating of all pressure pipingand fittings(e) the welding procedure registration number(f) the pressure pipe test procedure outlining the type, method, test media , test pressure,test temperature, duration and safety precautions(g) a form, provided by the Administrator, completed by the engineering designer orcontractor which relates to the general engineering requirements for design and fieldconstruction of pressure piping systems(h) such other information as is necessary for a safety codes officer to survey the designand determine whether it is suitable for approval and registrationEDAEngineering Design & Analysis LtdCopyright 20128
Practical Piping CourseProblem Set 11Which Act governs the design of plant pressure piping systems in Alberta?2Are process plant water lines considered pressure piping systems?3For what fluid service category may a hydro test be waived per B31.3?4What is the difference between a pipe elbow and a bend?EDAEngineering Design & Analysis LtdCopyright 20129
Practical Piping Course2.0Codes and StandardsThe following codes are used for the design, construction and inspection of pipingsystems.2.1The ASME B31 Piping CodesPiping codes developed by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers:B31.1 Power PipingPiping typically found in electric power generating stations, in industrial andinstitutional plants, geothermal heating systems and central and district heatingand cooling plants.B31.3 Process PipingPiping typically found in petroleum refineries, chemical, pharmaceutical, textile,per, semiconductor and cryogenic plants and related processing plants andterminals.B31.4 Pipeline Transportation Systems for Liquid Hydrocarbons and Other LiquidsPiping transporting products which are predominately quid between plants andterminals and within terminals, pumping, regulating, and metering stations.B31.5 Refrigeration PipingPiping for refrigerants and secondary coolants.B31.8 Gas Transportation and Distribution Piping SystemsPiping transporting products which are predominately gas between sources andterminals including compressor, regulating and metering stations, gas gatheringpipelines.B31.9 Building Services PipingPiping typically found in industrial, institutional, commercial and public buildingsand in multi-unit residences which does not require the range of sizes, pressuresand temperatures covered in B311.1B31.11 Slurry Transportation Piping SystemsPiping transporting aqueous slurries between plants and terminals withinterminals, pumping and regulating stations.EDAEngineering Design & Analysis LtdCopyright 201210
Practical Piping CourseThe following codes are used to specify the geometric, material and strength of piping andcomponents:ASME B16 Dimensional CodesThe ASME B16 Piping Component StandardsPiping component standard developed by the American Society of Mechanical Engineersor the American National Standards Institute 7B16.38B16.39B16.40B16.42B16.47Cast Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged FittingsMalleable Iron Threaded Fittings, Class 150 and 300Cast Iron Threaded Fittings, Classes 125 and 250Pipe Flanges and Flanged FittingsFactory Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding FittingsFace to Face and End to End Dimensions of ValvesForged Fittings, Socket Welding and ThreadedCast Iron Threaded Drainage FittingsFerrous Pipe Plugs, Bushings and Locknuts with Pipe ThreadsCast Bronze Threaded Fittings Class 125 and 250Cast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure FittingsRing Joint Gaskets and Grooves for Steel Pipe FlangesNonmetallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe FlangesWrought Copper and Copper Alloy Solder Joint Pressure FittingsCast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings – DWVCast Copper Alloy Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings Class 150, 300,400,600, 900, 1500 and 2500Buttwelding EndsCast Copper Alloy Fittings for Flared Copper TubesWrought Steel Buttwelding Short Radius Elbows and ReturnsWrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloy Solder Joint Drainage Fittings– DWVCast Copper Alloy Solder Joint Fittings for Sovent Drainage SystemsManually Operated Metallic Gas Valves for Use in Gas Piping systems Upto 125 psig (sizes ½ through 2)Valves – Flanged, Threaded and Welding EndOrifice FlangesHydrostatic Testing of Control ValvesLarge Metallic Valves for Gas Distribution (Manually Operated, NPS 2 ½ to12, 125 psig maximum)Malleable Iron Threaded Pipe Unions, Classes 1150, 250 and 300Manually Operated Thermoplastic Gs Shutoffs and Valves in GasDistribution SystemsDuctile Iron Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings, Class 150 and 300Large Diameter Steel Flanges (NPS 26 through NPS 60)EDAEngineering Design & Analysis LtdCopyright 201211
Practical Piping CourseASME B36 Piping Component StandardsPiping standards developed by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers /American National Standards Institute:B36.10B36.19Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel PipeStainless Steel PipeOther ASME or ANSIB73.1B73.2B133.22.2Horizontal, End Suction Centrifugal PumpsVertical In-line Centrifugal PumpsBasic Gas TurbineNEPA CodesNational Electrical Protection AssociationPiping covering fire protection systems using water, carbon dioxide, halon, foam,dry chemical and wet chemicals.NFC - NFPA CodesNational Fire Code / National Fire Protection AssociationNFPA 99 Health Care Facilities CodeEDAEngineering Design & Analysis LtdCopyright 201212
Practical Piping Course2.3CSA StandardsCanadian Standards AssociationCSA Z662 - 94 Oil & Gas Pipeline SystemsThis standard supercedes these standards: CAN/CSA Z183 Oil Pipeline SystemsCAN/CSA Z184 Gas Pipeline SystemsCAN/CSA Z187 Offshore PipelinesOther CSA Piping and Component Codes:B 51B 53B 52B 63B 137.3B 137.4W 48.1W 48.3Z 245.1Z 245.11Z 245.12Z 245.15Z 245.20Z 245.21Z 276Boilers and Pressure VesselsIdentification of Piping SystemsMechanical Refrigeration CodeWelded and Seamless Steel PipeRigid Poly-Vinyl Chloride (PVC) PipePolyethylene Piping Systems for Gas ServiceMild Steel Covered Arc-Welding ElectrodesLow-Alloy Steel Arc-Welding ElectrodesSteel Line PipeSteel FittingsSteel FlangesSteel ValvesExternal Fusion Bond Epoxy Coating for Steel PipeExternal Polyethylene Coating for PipeLNG - Production, Storage and HandlingEDAEngineering Design & Analysis LtdCopyright 201213
Practical Piping Course2.4MSS Standard PracticesThese are piping and related component standards developed by the Manufacturer’sStandardization Society. The MSS standards are directed at general industrialapplications. The pipeline industry makes extensive use of these piping component andquality acceptance standards.SP-6Standard Finishes for Contact Faces Pipe Flanges and Connecting EndFlanges of Valves and FittingsSP-25Standard Marking System for Valves, Fittings, Flanges and UnionSP-44Steel Pipeline FlangesSP-53Quality Standards for Steel Castings and Forgings for Valves, Flanges andFittings and Other Piping Components - Magnetic ParticleSP-54Quality Standards for Steel Castings and for Valves, Flanges and Fittingsand Other Piping Components - RadiographicSP-55Quality Standards for Steel Castings and for Valves, Flanges and Fittingsand Other Piping Components - VisualSP-58Pipe Hangers and Supports - Material, Design and ManufactureSP-61Pressure Testing of Steel ValvesSP-69Pipe Hangers and Supports - Selection and ApplicationSP-75High Test Wrought Butt Welding FittingsSP-82SP-89Valve Pressure Testing MethodsPipe Hangers and Supports - Fabrication and Installation PracticesEDAEngineering Design & Analysis LtdCopyright 201214
Practical Piping Course2.5APIAmerican Petroleum InstituteThe API standards are focused on oil production, refinery and product distributionservices. Equipment specified to these standards are typically more robust than generalindustrial 671674Line PipePipeline ValvesFire Test for ValvesField Welded Tanks for Storage of Production LiquidsShop Welded Tanks for Storage of Production LiquidsOil and Gas SeparatorsIndirect Type Oil Field HeatersWafer and Wafer-Lug Check ValvesValve Inspection and TestingMetal Plug Valves - Flanged and Butt-Welding EndsSteel Gate Valves-Flanged and Butt-Welding EndsCompact Steel Gate Valves-Flanged Threaded, Welding, and ExtendedBody EndsClass 150, Cast, Corrosion-Resistant, Flanged-End Gate ValvesFire Test for Soft-Seated Quarter-Turn ValvesMetal Ball Valves-Flanged and Butt-Welding EndsLug-and Wafer-Type Butterfly ValvesCentrifugal Pumps For Petroleum, Heavy Duty Chemical and Gas IndustryServicesGeneral Purpose Steam Turbines for Refinery ServicesSpecial Purpose Steam Turbines for Refinery ServicesSpecial Purpose Gear Units for Refinery ServicesLubrication, Shaft-Sealing and Control Oil Systems for Special PurposeApplicationSound Control of Mechanical Equipment for Refinery ServicesGas Turbines for Refinery ServicesCentrifugal Compressors for General Refinery ServicesReciprocating Compressors for General Refinery ServicesRotary-Type Positive Displacement Compressors for General RefineryServicesDesign and Construction of Large, Welded, Low Pressure Storage TanksTube and Header Dimensions for Fired Heaters for Refinery ServiceWelded Steel Tanks for Oil StorageHeat Exchangers for General Refinery ServiceAir-Cooled Heat Exchangers for General Refinery ServiceVibrations, Axial Position, and Bearing-Temperature Monitoring SystemsSpecial Purpose Couplings for Refinery ServicePositive Displacement Pumps-ReciprocatingEDAEngineering Design & Analysis LtdCopyright 201215
Practical Piping CourseAPI 2000Positive Displacement Pumps-Controlled VolumePositive Displacement Pumps-RotaryGeneral Purpose Gear Units for Refineries ServicesAccelerometer-Base Vibration Monitoring SystemWelding Pipelines and Related FacilitiesVenting Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks - Non-Refrigeratedand RefrigeratedRP 530RP 560RP 682RP 1110Calculation for Heater Tube Thickness in Petroleum RefineriesFired Heater for General Refinery ServicesShaft Sealing System for Centrifugal and Rotary PumpsPressure Testing of Liquid Petroleum PipelinesPubl. 941Steel for Hydrogen Service at Elevated Temperature and Pressures inPetroleum Refineries and Petrochemical PlantsSafe Welding and Cutting Practices in RefineriesSafe Entry and Cleaning of Petroleum Storage TanksPubl. 2009Publ. 2015EDAEngineering Design & Analysis LtdCopyright 201216
Practical Piping Course2.6ASTMThere are numerous American Society for Testing and Materials designations cover thespecification of wrought materials, forgings and castings used for plate, fittings, pipe andvalves. The ASTM standards are directed to dimensional standards, materials andstrength considerations.Some of the more material standards referenced are:A 36Specification for Structural SteelA 53Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot –Dipped, Zinc Coated Weldedand SeamlessA 105Specification for Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping ComponentsA 106Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High TemperatureServiceA 181Specification for Forgings, Carbon Steel for General Purpose PipingA 182Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy Steel Pipe Flanges, ForgedFittings, and Valves and Parts for High Temperature ServiceA 193Specification for Alloy Steel and Stainless Steel Bolting Materials for HighTemperature ServiceA 194Specification for Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts for Bolts for High Pressureand High Temperature ServiceA 234Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steelfor Moderate and Elevated TemperaturesA 333Specification for Seamless and Welded Steel Pipe for Low TemperatureServiceA 350Specification for Forgings, Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Requiring NotchToughness Testing for Piping ComponentsA 352Specification for Steel Castings, Ferritic and Martensitic for PressureContaining Parts Suitable for Low Temperature ServiceA 420Specification for Piping Fittings of Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steelfor Low Temperature ServiceA 694Specification for Forgings, carbon and Alloy Steel for Pipe Flanges,Fittings, Valves and Parts for High Pressure Transmission ServiceA 707Specification for Flanges, Forged, Carbon and Alloy Steel for LowTemperature ServiceEDAEngineering Design & Analysis LtdCopyright 201217
Practical Piping CourseProblem Set 21. A project award has been made. At the kick off meeting, the PM advises that pipingdesign will be to B31.4. The facility is steam piping in a refinery extending from theboiler to the tank farm. What do you do or say and why?2. A liquid pipeline is to be built to Z184. You raise an issue. Why?3. What flange specification would you expect to reference
ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code ASME B31 Pressure Piping Codes B31.1 Power Piping B31.3 Process Piping B31.4 Liquid Transportation Systems for Hydrocarbons, Liquid Petroleum Gas, Anhydrous Ammonia and Alcohols B31.5 Refrigeration Piping ANSI K61.1 Safety Requirements for the Storage and Handling of Anhydrous
course covering in depth the design of various pressure piping systems including Basic , Piping Design , Piping Engineering , Piping Layout Pipe Stress Analysis ,d etailed design and engineering etc. Study of CEASAR II and Project . This course also provides design projects per ASME B 31. This course is more concentrated on manual
piping classes and the numerous piping specifications necessary to fabricate, test, insulate, and paint the piping systems, is titled either the piping material engineer or the piping spec(ification) writer. 1.2. Job Scope Whatever the title, the piping material engineer (PME) is a very important person within the Piping Design Group and .
liquid process piping systems, engineering calculations and requirements for all piping systems, basics of metal piping systems and thermoplastic piping systems. In Part 2 - the course will continue from Part 1 and review the basics of Rubber and Elastomer Piping Systems, Thermoset Piping Systems, Double Containment
www.DaikinApplied.com 9 AG 31-011 REFRIGERANT PIPING DESIGN. Piping Design Basics. Good piping design results in a balance between the initial cost, pressure drop, and system reliability. The initial cost is impacted by the diameter and layout of the piping.The pressure drop in the piping must be minimized to avoid
ASME B31.1, Power Piping ASME B31.3, Process Piping ASME B31.9, Building Services Piping AWWA Standards C200, C206, C900. 3.2.1 Piping Design Criteria Selection of inappropriate codes, standards, and requirements could add to the cost of design and construction. Thus, selection of piping standards such as ASME B31.1, B31
2.4 blast and fire strategy for piping 29 3 design of piping against explosions 35 3.1 introduction 35 3.2 interaction of piping with other design disciplines 35 3.3 loading components acting on piping due to explosions 42 3.4 types of piping and material properties 53 3.5 response of piping to blast loading 57 3.6 acceptance criteria 61
dependent on the plant design system being used to create the PCF. Most Piping Fabricators that can receive piping information in the form of PCF's will probably have the Spoolgen software from Hexagon (previously Intergraph). This software is derived from the Isogen piping isometric software that used to be the de-facto piping isometric .
accounting items are presumed in law to give a true and fair view. 8 There is no explicit requirement in the Companies Act 2006 or FRS 102 for companies entitled to prepare accounts in accordance with the small companies regime to report on the going concern basis of accounting and material uncertainties. However, directors of small companies are required to make such disclosures that are .
