National Federation Of Demolition Contractors The Voice .
National Federation of Demolition ContractorsThe voice of the UK Demolition IndustryGuidance Notes on theSafe Use of MobileCrushers in theDemolition SectorSponsored by
Contents2The National Federation of Demolition Contractors(NFDC) is the voice of the UK demolition industry.3IntroductionDetails of NFDC publications is available atwww.demolition-nfdc.com or via:4National Federation of Demolition ContractorsNational Federation of Demolition ContractorsThe voice of the UK Demolition IndustryFounded in 1941 to help spearhead London’s post-Blitzclear-up campaign, the NFDC’s 152 corporate and60 associate members are responsible for more than90% of all demolition that takes place in the UK.Today, the NFDC is committed to establishing safeworking practices for its members, and to representtheir interests in areas such as training, safety, theenvironment, and codes of practice.However, we can take no responsibility for thesubsequent use of this information, nor for any errors oromissions it may contain.National Federation of Demolition ContractorsResurgam HouseParadiseHemel HempsteadHertordshire HP2 4TFTel: 01442 217144Fax: 01442 218268Produced byDemolition Publicationson behalf of theNational Federation of Demolition Contractors.The voice of the UK Demolition Industry1 General1.1Scope of Guidance51.2Key Risks71.3Typical Layouts71.4Feeding101.5Blocked Crushers111.6Prevention111.7Action when a crusher becomes blocked121.8Clearing Blockages131.9Stalled Crushers141.10Slips and Trips - spillage151.11Transport15
Introduction1 General41.1 Scope of GuidanceNational Federation of Demolition ContractorsThe voice of the UK Demolition IndustrySPONSORS & FUNDERS:NFDC WORKING GROUP:The National Federation of Demolition Contractorswould like to thank Sandvik Mining and Constructionfor their help in producing this document:John NetheryAlan MatchettMark AnthonySandvik Mining and ConstructionSandvik Mining and ConstructionDemolition PublicationsNational Federation of Demolition ContractorsThe voice of the UK Demolition Industry Definitions Nature, applicability and status ofguidance Limitations of good practiceguidanceThe scope of this guidance is to define the roles,safe working practices and acceptable levels ofcontrol needed to use a mobile crusher in ademolition environment.For the purposes of this guidance, a mobile crusheris defined as a wheel or track-mounted machineincorporating a jaw or impact type crusher thatallows it to crush concrete, bricks, blocks andother forms of construction and demolition waste.Mobile crushers are not designed as shredders andare generally unsuitable for the processing oftimber, plastics or any materials in which asbestosmay be present.For the purposes of these guidance notes, noother type of equipment is considered.Track and wheel-mounted mobile crushers are now commonplace on demolition and recycling projects up and downthe country. As the demolition industry embraces the need to process and recycle materials that were previouslyregarded as waste into a potentially valuable commodity, so the popularity of the highly versatile and productivemobile crusher has spread.Accidents involving these highly specialised items of equipment are thankfully rare and the National Federation ofDemolition Contractors (NFDC) has yet to record a single fatality deemed to have been caused directly by such anitem of equipment.However, crushing equipment HAS been involved in a number of fatalities in other industry sectors and as the use ofthese machines becomes ever-more widespread in the demolition business, the NFDC has initiated a drive toimprove practices related to the application and use of mobile crushers.This guide has, therefore, been produced in recognition of the need to improve the approach to the provision ofthese machines, and to their use on site.This guide is not designed to replace or reduce the designer’s input or replace owner and operator manuals suppliedby the manufacturer; rather it is designed to promote the implementation of minimum design, installation,maintenance and repair standards, and to complement existing owning and operating manuals.The guide has been prepared by an NFDC working party working under the direction of the NFDC President.5
1 General61 General1.2 Key RisksNational Federation of Demolition ContractorsThe voice of the UK Demolition IndustryThis document is not intended to replace theequipment operators' or instruction manual but tosupplement them and to aid in the planning,evaluation and utilisation of mobile crushers.A full working method statement and specific riskassessment should be produced for all worksinvolving a mobile crusher.This document is intended to be used purely as aguide in the production of such a methodstatement. The method statement must takeaccount of all the issues raised in this document aswell as prevailing site, environmental andregulatory conditions.The guidance has sought to avoid being overprescriptive as this might limit the scope forinnovation and the development of cost-effectivecrushing and screening solutions. Furthermore,this guide is an enabling document and does notform a code of practice. The guidance does not inany way limit the responsibilities of those partiesinvolved in the design, specification, installation,operation, maintenance and repair of mobilecrushing equipment.While the guide describes best practice in generalterms, it cannot deal with every eventuality andsite condition.This guidance cannot cover every risk and is notcomprehensive. It does not attempt to detailindividual machinery safety concerns, but willonly highlight those key matters of concern.The risks associated with your particular operation,and the methods of reducing those risks, should berevealed during your risk assessment.A formulation of good practice can only be ofvalue where it is applied with careful planning,supervision, control and monitoring of the mobilecrusher on site under appropriate contractualarrangements. All parties have to exercise theirown knowledge, experience and judgement.National Federation of Demolition ContractorsThe voice of the UK Demolition Industry Machinery guarding Clearing Blocked or Stalled Crushers Slips and trips Transport – coming in to contactwith excavators loading the crusher71.3 Typical LayoutsMobile crushers are normally fed from loadingshovels, backhoe excavators or from otherprocessing machinery; a conveyor, for example.In its simplest form it will be a stand-alonemachine, fed directly with the material to becrushed and discharging to a stockpile.If the material to be crushed is reinforced concrete,a magnetic separator will often be positioned overthe discharge conveyor to remove the metal andprevent it from contaminating the production runmaterial.
National Federation of Demolition ContractorsThe voice of the UK Demolition Industry
1 General101 General1.4 Feeding1.5 Blocked Crushers If the mobile crusher is to be fed directly by aloading shovel or excavator, then:National Federation of Demolition ContractorsThe voice of the UK Demolition Industry Excavator standing pads should be suitable(stable) and should be high enough for theoperator to be able to monitor the feed hopperfrom the cab. Safe access to the excavator mustbe provided for the operator. Where wheeled loading shovels are used, thenthe ramp should be wide enough to allow foradequate edge protection (min 1.5m high) oneither side of the ramp as well as for the travelof the machine. The maximum gradient of the ramp should bewithin the capacity of the loader (a maximumgradient of 1:10 is recommended) The last few metres of the ramp should be levelso that the machine is not discharging uphill,thus enabling operators to more easily monitorthe feed. The loading shovel will also be morestable.The voice of the UK Demolition Industry Stalling due to:Electrical or mechanical failure Ensure pedestrians and obstructions areexcluded from the bucket operating arc.Material jammed in the chamber causing anoverloadIf the crusher is to be fed directly by aconveyor:Overfeeding material All dangerous parts of machinery should besuitably guarded.Excessive clay or other fines in thecrushing cavity preventing small materialpassing through the crusher Failure to replace guards (on crushers andconveyors) after cleaning or maintenance workis a major cause of injury on these machines.1.6 PreventionCausesCauses of crusher blockages can be grouped undertwo main headings:National Federation of Demolition Contractors11Entry of tramp metal or wood Bridging due to:Oversize feed materialA foreign body in the crusher feed or dischargechamber obstructing the feed materialWorking on the premise that prevention is betterthan cure, every effort should be made to preventoversize material or tramp metal entering into thecrusher feed hopper by: Reducing oversize material by drop ball,hydraulic breaker, pulveriser or other means Training and instructing the loader driver not toload oversize material Following the manufacturer’srecommendations on the rate, presentation offeed and crusher settings Instituting a programme of good housekeepingto prevent scrap steel entering shovel buckets Ensuring the size of buckets are appropriate tothe capacity of the crusher Regular inspection of metal parts (e.g. bucketteeth and dumper wear plates etc) to ensurethey are unlikely to break off and enter thecrusher feed The strategic placing of electrical magnetsand/or the installation of metal detectors toprevent tramp metal from entering the crusher The use of level indicators for feed control Maintenance of drive systems
1 General121 General1.7 Action when a crusherbecomes blocked1.8 Clearing Blockages National Federation of Demolition ContractorsThe voice of the UK Demolition IndustryA properly designed mobile crushing operationshould not need any person to be present on thecrusher access platform during normal crushingoperations.Being on the access platform during normaloperation presents the following risks: Struck by objects ejected from the crusher,such as pieces of stone or metal. Being pulled into the crushing chamber whenattempting to pull out contaminants (e.g.reinforcing bar). Struck by the loader bucket if the accessplatform is within the working radius of theloading machine (for 360 degree excavators). Falling if adequate guardrails and accessarrangements are not provided. Noise. Process noise at this level can causedeafnessl Dust, especially in the case of crushingconcrete or bricks or any other high silicacontent material. Breathing silica dust cancause serious respiratory diseases. Whole body vibration. Anyone on the platformcould be subjected to constant low frequencyvibration.It may be necessary for a person equipped with theappropriate PPE (e.g. ear defenders, dust mask,eye protection, hard hat, protective footwear, highvisibility outer garment) to spend a few minutessetting the feed speed initially if there is no remotefacility. The feed should then be controlled fromthe machine feeding the crusher by varying theloading rate into the feed hopper. Have a nominated person to supervise theactivity and call for assistance as necessary Stop the feed at the earliest opportunity andisolate the plant to ensure all processes arestopped Remove excess material by mechanical meanswhere possible before the cause of theblockage can be dealt within In some cases, however, an amount of removalby hand will be involved and when this occursthe crusher and associated plant must bestopped and isolated Manual removal should only be carried out bysuitably trained and competent personsHazards encountered may be: Poor or difficult access Accidental start up of feeder, crusher oradjacent plant Being struck by material from the feeder, chuteor projected material The movement of any material present insidethe crusher Slipping and falling Manual handling of rocks and equipment Unexpected movement of crusher components.In the case of an impact crusher, ensure that therotor has stopped and is secured before openingthe crusher chamber Damaged electrical cable Noise Stored energy from electrical, hydraulic,compressed air, mechanical sources and gravity Unsafe placement of material removed fromthe crusher13National Federation of Demolition ContractorsThe voice of the UK Demolition IndustryBridged crushersThe preferred method of clearing a bridged crusheris by the use of a breaker boom fitted with ahydraulic breaker. An alternative could be ahydraulic excavator fitted with a quick hitch withpick and/or breaker, (subject to suitable accessbeing available). Where the boom is operatedremotely, by radio control, the use of closed circuittelevision CCTV may be employed to assist theoperator.Depending on the result of your risk assessment,clearing a bridging blockage with a hydraulicbreaker boom or similar, can be carried out with orwithout the crusher still operating, but the formeris not recommended due to the risk of damage tothe breaker boom and breaker. Use of cranes (including manuallyoperated lifting tackle), Lifting andSlingingWhen a hydraulic breaker boom or excavator arenot available, then other methods such as craneswith slings and hooks may be employed; should itbe necesary for a person to enter the crusher toposition hooks or slings, the crusher, feed andmain conveyor must be stopped, isolated andlocked off (in accordance withmanufacturers/suppliers instructions and safeworking practise) and a safety harness worn.
1 General National Federation of Demolition ContractorsThe voice of the UK Demolition Industry141 General151.9 Stalled Crushers1.10 Slips and Trips - spillage1.11 TransportA stalled crusher should be treated as possiblybeing jammed with tramp metal, which could beejected with fatal consequences. Writteninstructions should be issued to plant operators.This should detail the procedures to follow in theevent of a crusher stalling. These instructionsshould include the following:Keeping working areas clear of spillages improvesoperational efficiency and also reduces the risk ofslips and trips – a major cause of accidents.To minimise the transport risks on site, a riskassessment should address:Other available optionsOther methods, such as the use of bars, handhammers and hydraulic jacking systems may beemployed, but should always be subject to adetailed and thorough risk assessment; and thecrusher, feeder and main conveyor shut down andisolated before any activity starts.Careful consideration should be given to the riskof large pieces of feed material moving andcausing trap or crush injuries.Wedges should NOT be used due to the risk ofthem becoming a projectile (this has causedfatalities in the past when used with the crusherrunning). Another option in the past has been theuse of explosive charges with blockages in largecrushers, today this is considered high risk andwould not be appropriate for the type/size ofmobile crusher used in demolition and recycling. Isolation of motive power to the crusher andassociated plant procedure in operation at thesite Clear the area of all personnel Notify the site manager of the stalled crusherIf, after careful examination, there appears to be noelectrical or mechanical reason why the crusherhas stalled, it may indicate that the crusher isjammed by tramp metal or oversized material.A “stalled crusher permit to work” system shouldbe implemented. This work should only be carriedout by person/s that are suitably trained andcompetent.Whever possible any inspection of the crushingcavity of a jaw crusher or crushing chamber of animpact crusher should be carried out with greatcare.Remember: Fatal accidents (due to material being ejected)have occurred to people who have examined thecrushing cavity of a stalled crusher from abovewhen the crusher is still operating.National Federation of Demolition ContractorsThe voice of the UK Demolition IndustryMinimise spillages by: Maintaining conveyor skirts Maintaining the correct adjustment andcondition of belt scrapers. Ensure that any feedconveyor discharges centrally into the feedhopper. Designing loading shovel ramps to minimisethe amount of material that will spill from theramp itself.Never remove guards to clean up while themachine is in operation. If guards need to beremoved, shut off and lock off. A safe site Safe equipment A safe workerIt is essential where possible to segregatepedestrians from moving plant such as loadingshovels, excavators and dump trucks by the use ofphysical barriers.
Guidance Notes on the Safe Use of Mobile Crushers in the Demolition SectorNATIONAL FEDERATION OF DEMOLITION CONTRACTORSResurgam House · Paradise · Hemel Hempstead · Hertfordshire HP2 4TFNational Federation of Demolition ContractorsThe voice of the UK Demolition IndustryT: 01442 217144 · F: 01442 218268 · www.demolition-nfdc.com
John Nethery Sandvik Mining and Construction Alan Matchett Sandvik Mining and Construction Mark Anthony Demolition Publications Track and wheel-mounted mobile crushers are now commonplace on demolition and recycling projects up and down the country. As the demolition industry embraces the need to process and recycle materials that were previously
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Structure/Building Open Air . Demolition 1.0 Executive Summary 2.0 Introduction This Technical Support Document (TSD) provides the basis for the Open Air demolition . Ensure open air demolition activities can be conducted using conventional demolition techniques with minimal radiological restrictions or controls (e.g., without area, equipment or
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1.1 What is demolition work? Any work that is connected with the demolition of a structure is classified as 'construction work' under the WHS Regulations. When carrying out demolition work, the requirements relating to construction work must be complied with. Demolition work means to demolish or dismantle a structure or part of a structure that
238160 Roofing Contractors . 238170 Siding Contractors . 238190 Other Foundation, Structure, and Building Exterior Contractors . 238210 Electrical Contractors and Other Wiring Installation Contractors . 238220 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors . 238290 Other Building Equipment Contractors . 238310 Drywall and Insulation .
Demolition is the tearing down of buildings and other man-made structures after its useful life period and for reconstruction. Demolition contrasts with deconstruction, which involves taking a building apart while carefully preserving valuable elements for re-use purposes. Demolition is carried out with the help of some equipment or other methods.
safer conventional demolition method in comparison to blasting. Demolition of power plant blocks I II Work on the demolition of the power plant blocks I II (constructed in 1941) was started in February. This part of the power plant had already been completely demolished down to ground level. Blocks I II consisted essentially of three cooling .
ASTM C 67 Test Method for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Tile. 3. ASTM C 150 Standard Specification for Portland Cement. 4. ASTM C 297 Standard Test Method for Flatwise Tensile Strength of Sandwich Constructions. 5. ASTM C 578 Standard Specification for Rigid, Cellular Polystyrene Thermal Insulation. 6. ASTM D 968 (Federal Test Standard 141A Method 6191) Standard Test Methods for .
