EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.1 Change Of Physical State
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.1 Change of Physical StateState the term that applies to each of the following changes of physical state:(a) Snow changes from a solid to a liquid.(b) Gasoline changes from a liquid to a gas.(c) Dry ice changes from a solid to a gas.SolutionRefer to Figure 4.1 for the changes of physical state.(a) The change from solid to liquid is called melting.(b) The change from liquid to gas is called vaporizing.(c) The change from solid to gas is called sublimation.Practice ExerciseState the term that applies to each of thefollowing changes of physical state:(a) A refrigerant changes from a gas to a liquid.(b) Water changes from a liquid to a solid.(c) Iodine vapor changes from a gas to a solid.Answers: (a) condensing; (b) freezing; (c) depositionIntroductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. CorwinFigure 4.1 Changes in Physical State As temperatureincreases, a solid melts to a liquid and then vaporizesinto a gas. As temperature decreases, a gas condenses toa liquid and then freezes to a solid. 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.1 Change of Physical StateContinuedConcept ExerciseIdentify the physical state (solid, liquid, gas) that corresponds to each of the following pictorialrepresentations:Answer: See Appendix G.Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. Corwin 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.2 Element, Compound, or MixtureConsider the following properties of the element copper:(a) Copper metal cannot be broken down by a chemicalchange.(b) Copper reacts with oxygen in air to give copper oxide.(c) Copper, in the form of malachite ore, is foundworldwide.(d) Copper and tin compose bronze alloy.Classify each of the following copper samples as an element,a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or a heterogeneousmixture:(a) copper wire(b) copper oxide(c) malachite ore(d) bronze alloySolutionRefer to Figure 4.2 to classify each sample.(a) Copper wire is a metallic element.(b) Copper oxide is a compound of the elementscopper and oxygen.(c) Malachite ore is a heterogeneous mixture ofcopper and other substances.(d) Bronze alloy is a homogeneous mixture of copperand tin.Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. CorwinFigure 4.2 Classification of Matter Matter may be eithera mixture or a pure substance. The properties of aheterogeneous mixture vary within the sample (oil andwater). The properties of a homogeneous mixture areconstant (salt solution). A pure substance may be either acompound (water) or an element (gold). Left to right: oiland water; NaCl solution; H2O; and gold nugget. 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.2 Element, Compound, or MixtureContinuedPractice ExerciseConsider the following properties of the element mercury:(a) Mercury liquid cannot be broken down by a chemical change.(b) Mercury oxide can be heated to give mercury and oxygen gas.(c) Mercury, in the form of cinnabar ore, is found in Spain and Italy.(d) Mercury and silver compose the alloy used for dental fillings.Classify each of the following mercury samples as an element, a compound, a homogeneous mixture, or aheterogeneous mixture:(a) mercury liquid(b) mercury oxide(c) cinnabar ore(d) dental alloyAnswers: (a) element; (b) compound; (c) heterogeneous mixture; (d) homogeneous mixtureIntroductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. Corwin 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.2 Element, Compound, or MixtureContinuedConcept ExerciseClassify each of the following as an element, a compound, or a mixture as shown in the illustration:Answer: See Appendix G.Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. Corwin 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.3 Properties of MetalsWhich of the following properties is not characteristic of a metal?(a) good conductor of heat(b) malleable(c) high melting point(d) reacts with other metalsSolutionRefer to Table 4.4 to classify each of the following properties:(a) Metals are good conductors of heat.(b) Metals are malleable.(c) Metals usually have high melting points.(d) Metals do not react with other metals; they mix to form alloys.Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. Corwin 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.3 Properties of MetalsContinuedPractice ExerciseWhich of the following properties is not characteristic of anonmetal?(a) insulator of electricity (b)ductile(c) low density(d)reacts with nonmetalsAnswer: (b) Nonmetals crush to a powder and are notmalleable or ductile.Concept ExerciseWhich of the following is a solid metal under normalconditions: calcium, phosphorus, mercury, or silicon?(Refer to Figure 4.7.)Answer: See Appendix G.Figure 4.7 Pictorial Periodic Table of the Elements The natural abundance is the percent by mass of anelement in Earth’s crust, oceans, and atmosphere. The natural abundance of an element listed as rare is less than1 mg per metric ton (1000 kg). An element listed as synthetic is made artificially and does not occur naturally.An element listed as unstable often disintegrates in a fraction of a second.Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. Corwin 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.4 Physical States of the ElementsIndicate the physical state for each of the following elements at 25 C and normal pressure; classify each elementas a metal, nonmetal, or semimetal:(a) barium(b) boron(c) bismuth(d) bromineSolutionReferring to Figures 4.5 and 4.6, we observe the following:(a) Barium (Ba) is on the left side of the periodic table; it is a solid metal under normal conditions.(b) Boron (B) is in the middle of the periodic table; it is a solid semimetal.(c) Bismuth (Bi) is to the right, but below the semimetals in the periodic table, it is a solid metal.(d) Bromine (Br) is on the right side of the periodic table; it is a liquid nonmetal at normal conditions.Figure 4.5 Metals, Nonmetals, andSemimetals The symbols of elementshaving metallic properties are on theleft side of the periodic table,nonmetallic are on the right side, andsemimetallic are midway between.Notice the special placement ofhydrogen, a nonmetallic element.Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. Corwin 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.4 Physical States of the ElementsContinuedFigure 4.6 Physical States of theElements At 25 C and normalatmospheric pressure, all metals are in thesolid state except Hg. Most nonmetals aregases except C, P, S, Se, and I, whichare solids. The only elements in the liquidstate at normal conditions are Hg and Br.Practice ExerciseIndicate the physical state for each of the following elements at 25 C and normal pressure; classify eachelement as a metal, nonmetal, or semimetal:(a) aluminum(b) hydrogen(c) helium(d) radiumAnswers: (a) solid metal; (b) gaseous nonmetal; (c) gaseous nonmetal; (d) solid metalIntroductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. Corwin 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.4 Physical States of the ElementsContinuedConcept ExerciseWhich of the following is a liquid nonmetal undernormal conditions: sodium, mercury, bromine, orsulfur? (Refer back to Figure 4.7.)Answer: See Appendix G.Figure 4.7 Pictorial Periodic Table of theElements The natural abundance is the percent bymass of an element in Earth’s crust, oceans, andatmosphere. The natural abundance of an elementlisted as rare is less than 1 mg per metric ton(1000 kg). An element listed as synthetic is madeartificially and does not occur naturally. An elementlisted as unstable often disintegrates in a fraction ofa second.Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. Corwin 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.5 Composition of Chemical FormulasState the total number of atoms in a molecule of vitamin B3, C6H6N2O.SolutionThe chemical formula for vitamin B3 indicates 6 carbon atoms, 6 hydrogen atoms, 2 nitrogen atoms, and1 oxygen atom. Thus C6H6N2O has a total of 15 atoms.Practice ExerciseWrite the chemical formula for vitamin B6, if a molecule is composed of 8 carbon atoms, 11 hydrogenatoms, 1 nitrogen atom, and 3 oxygen atoms.Answer: C8H11NO3 (total of 23 atoms)Concept ExerciseExamine the model for vitamin C anddetermine the molecular formula. In themodel shown, the black sphere C atom,white H atom, and red O atom.Answer: See Appendix G.Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. Corwin 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.6 Composition of Chemical FormulasState the total number of atoms in a molecule of glycerin, C3H5(OH)3.SolutionThe chemical formula for glycerin indicates 3 carbon atoms, 5 hydrogen atoms, and 3 OH units. Thus,C3H5(OH)3 has a total of 14 atoms.Practice ExerciseWrite the chemical formula for nitroglycerin if a molecule is composed of 3 carbon atoms,5 hydrogen atoms, 3 oxygen atoms, and 3 NO2 units.Answer: C3H5O3(NO2)3Concept ExerciseState the total number of atoms in a molecule of nitroglycerin, C3H5O3(NO2)3.Answer: See Appendix G.Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. Corwin 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.7 Physical and Chemical PropertiesClassify each of the following properties as physical or chemical:(a) Water appears colorless and odorless at 20 C.(b) Water dissolves sugar crystals.(c) Water produces a gas with calcium metal.(d) Water exists as ice at –10 C.SolutionIf a reaction occurs, there is a change in composition and the property is chemical. Otherwise, the propertyis physical.(a) Color and odor are physical properties.(b) Solubility is a physical property.(c) A chemical reaction is a chemical property.(d) A physical state is a physical property.Practice ExerciseClassify each of the following properties as physical or chemical:(a) Water appears hard and crystalline at 0 C.(b) Water is insoluble in gasoline.(c) Water is a very weak conductor of electricity.(d) Water produces a gas with sodium metal.Answers: (a) physical; (b) physical; (c) physical; (d) chemicalConcept ExerciseCopper melts at 1083 C, has a density of 8.92 g/mL, is a good conductor of electricity, and turns blackwhen heated. Which of these is an example of a chemical property?Answer: See Appendix G.Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. Corwin 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.8 Physical and Chemical ChangesClassify each of the following observations as a physical or a chemical change:(a) Touching a lit candle to hydrogen soap bubbles gives an explosion.(b) Heating water in a flask produces moisture on the glass.(c) Combining two colorless solutions gives a yellow solid.(d) Pouring vinegar on baking soda produces gas bubbles.SolutionAn observation that indicates a physical change is a change of physical state. The observations that suggesta chemical change include burning, fizzing, changing color, or forming an insoluble substance in solution.(a) Hydrogen explodes; thus, it is a chemical change.(b) Water is boiled; thus, it is a physical change.(c) Two solutions give an insoluble substance; thus, it is a chemical change.(d) Baking soda fizzes; thus, it is a chemical change.Practice ExerciseClassify each of the following observations as a physical or a chemical change:(a) Freezing water in a refrigerator makes cubes of ice.(b) Adding silver nitrate to tap water gives a cloudy solution.(c) Burning sulfur gives a light blue flame.(d) Grinding aspirin tablets produces a powder.Answers: (a) physical; (b) chemical; (c) chemical; (d) physicalIntroductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. Corwin 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.8 Physical and Chemical ChangesContinuedConcept ExerciseAn Alka-Seltzer tablet dissolves in water and produces gasbubbles. Is this an example of a physical change or a chemicalchange?Answer: See Appendix G.Alka-Seltzer An Alka-Seltzer tablet in waterreleases carbon dioxide gas bubbles.Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. Corwin 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.9 Conservation of Mass LawIn an experiment, 2.430 g of magnesium metal was ignited and burned with oxygen in the air. If 4.030 g of whitemagnesium oxide powder, MgO, was collected, what was the mass of oxygen gas that reacted?SolutionApplying the conservation of mass law, we find that the mass of the magnesium metal plus the mass of theoxygen gas equals the mass of the magnesium oxide powder. That is,2.430 g Mg mass of oxygen 4.030 g MgOmass of oxygen 4.030 g MgO – 2.430 g Mgmass of oxygen 1.600 gPractice ExerciseIf 0.654 g of zinc metal reacts with 0.321 g of yellow powdered sulfur, what is the mass of the zinc sulfideproduced?Answer: 0.975 gConcept ExerciseHeating 1.000 g copper metal with yellow sulfur produces 1.252 g of black copper sulfide. What is the massof sulfur that reacted with the copper metal?Answer: See Appendix G.Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. Corwin 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.10 Kinetic Energy and Molecular MotionA balloon filled with helium gas is cooled from 25 C to –25 C. State the change in each of the following:(a) kinetic energy of the gas(b) motion of helium atomsSolutionTemperature, kinetic energy, and velocity are related as follows:(a) As the temperature cools from 25 C to –25 C, the kinetic energy of heliumatoms decreases.(b) Since a drop in temperature produces a decrease in kinetic energy, the motion of helium atomsdecreases.Practice ExerciseA steel cylinder containing air is heated from 25 C to 50 C. State the change in each ofthe following:(a) kinetic energy of the gas(b) motion of air moleculesAnswers: (a) increases; (b) increasesConcept ExerciseWhat happens to the kinetic energy and velocity of air molecules when the temperature increases?Answer: See Appendix G.Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. Corwin 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.11 Forms of EnergyIdentify two forms of energy that are involved in each of the following conversions:(a) Radioactive emissions vaporize water to steam.(b) Steam drives a turbine.(c) A turbine spins and drives an electrical generator.SolutionWe can refer to the six forms of energy listed above. It follows that(a) Nuclear energy is converted to heat energy.(b) Heat energy is converted to mechanical energy.(c) Mechanical energy is converted to electrical energy.Practice ExerciseIdentify two forms of energy that are involved in each of the following devices:(a) flashlight(b) solar calculator(c) lead–acid batteryAnswers: (a) chemical and light; (b) light and electrical; (c) chemical and electricalConcept ExerciseWhich of the following is not a basic form of energy: chemical, electrical, heat, light, mechanical, nuclear,solar?Answer: See Appendix G.Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th EditionCharles H. Corwin 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.
Physical and Chemical Changes. An observation that indicates a physical change is a change of physical state. The observations that suggest a chemical change include burning, fizzing, changing color, or forming an insoluble substance in solution. (a) Hydrogen explodes; thus, it is a . chemical.
INDEX PRESENTATION 5 THE THUMB 7 MECHANICAL EXERCISES 8 SECTION 1 THUMB Exercise 1 12 Exercise 2 13 Exercise 3 - 4 14 Exercise 5 15 Estudio 1 16 SECTION 2 THUMB WITH JUMPS Exercise 6 17 Exercise 7 - 8 18 Exercise 9 19 Exercise 10 20 Exercise 11 - 12 21 Estudio 6 22 SECTION 3 GOLPE Exercise 13 23 Exercise 14 24 Exercise 15 25 Exercise 16 - 17 26 Exercise 18 27 .
Chapter 1 Exercise Solutions Exercise 1.1 Exercise 1.2 Exercise 1.3 Exercise 1.4 Exercise 1.5 Exercise 1.6 Exercise 1.7 Exercise 1.8 Exercise 1.9 Exercise 1.10 Exercise 1.11 Exercise 1.12 Fawwaz T. Ulaby and Umberto Ravaioli, Fundamentals of Applied Electromagnetics c 2019 Prentice Hall
CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE TRAINING MANUAL iv Exercises Exercise A.1 Introduction to the training course 18 Exercise A.2 Weather and climate 18 Exercise A.3 Global Warming 18 Exercise A.4 Changes in rainfall 18 Exercise A.5 The greenhouse effect 19 Exercise A.6 Climate change in your area 19 Exercise B.1 Understanding the effects of future climate change 43
TRX Power Stretch. Round 4, Exercise 1 Round 4, Exercise 2 Round 4, Exercise 3 Round 4, Exercise 4 Round 4, Exercise 5 Round 4, Exercise 6. Block 5 – Hamstring/Folds (Adjustment: mid length) EXERCISE SETS REPS / TIME SET REST TRAN
2. Selecting an exercise 4 2.1 Scoping the exercise 4 2.2 Setting the aims and objectives 4 2.3 Types of exercise 5 2.4 Choosing the type of exercise 6 2.4.1 What is being tested? 6 2.4.2 What resources are available? 7 3. Planning the exercise 9 3.1 Exercise management team 9 3.2 Exercise plan 9 3.3 Target audience 10
EXERCISE 17 Spinal Cord Structure and Function 277 EXERCISE 18 Spinal Nerves 287 EXERCISE 19 Somatic Reflexes 299 EXERCISE 20 Brain Structure and Function 309 EXERCISE 21 Cranial Nerves 333 EXERCISE 22 Autonomic Nervous System Structure and Function APPENDIX C: 343 EXERCISE 23 General Senses 355 E
Exercise 9, Joints. 7 11/1 11/3 .Exercise 10, Muscles of body Exercise 10, continue. 8 11/8 11/10 Cat Dissection. Exercise 11, Spinal cord. 9 11/15 11/17 Exercise 11, Spinal Nerves and Reflexes. Exercise 12 Brain. 10 11/22 Exercise 12 Cranial Nerves And Sheep Brain. Thanks Giving Break, Nov 24 – Nov 27. 11 11/29 12/01
Be able to instruct gym-based exercise 4. Be able to supervise clients undertaking gym-based exercise 5. Be able to bring a gym-based exercise session to an end 6. Be able to reflect on providing gym-based exercise 7. Be able to support clients taking part in gym-based exercise 8. Understand how to provide gym-based exercise UV20527 3 1 .
