OpenSecrets OpenData User’s Guide

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OpenSecrets OpenData User’s GuideLast updated: 6/12/2015INTRODUCTION . 2CHANGE LOG . 3GENERAL INFORMATION . 5WHAT IS ATTRIBUTION?. 6CAMPAIGN FINANCE DATA. 8 Tables . 8 More Campaign Finance Information . 11LOBBYING DATA . 13527 DATA . 14PERSONAL FINANCES DATA . 15DATA DICTIONARIES FOR OPENSECRETS TABLES . 18 Data Dictionary – Campaign Finance tables . 18 Data Dictionary – Lobby tables . 29 Data Dictionary – 527 tables . 33 Data Dictionary – Personal Finances tables . 37SCRIPTS TO GENERATE DATA TABLES FOR IMPORT . 49

INTRODUCTIONThis guide provides information on how to correctly use the relational data tables that CRP creates, standardizes andcodes and that serve as the foundation of its web site, OpenSecrets.org . We are excited to be able to share thisinformation in a form that allows others to use it and we look forward to new mashups. Using this data requires afundamental understanding of relational systems and many of the tables require a database program capable ofhandling millions of records. Be forewarned that downloading large files may take considerable time and using themillions of individual records to calculate what you need can be an arduous undertaking. Please check out our APIs asthese are easy to use and we've already done the heavy lifting for you -- calculating the most common requestedinformation. Data in the APIs is as current as we have on OpenSecrets.org while the bulk data tables lag many monthsbehind data used for the APIs. If you are not deterred by these conditions, read on!Every data table that we have available has a data definition document that explains the fields found in the data file. Inorder to download the files and/or documentation, you must have a MyOpenSecrets account. Many of you already do(if you’ve forgotten your password, you can ask to have it emailed to you on the login screen). We never share yourinformation, as explained in our Privacy Policy. All MyOpenSecrets users agree to our Terms of Service.MyOpenSecrets allows you to customize our site so you can see the information most valuable to you and manyimprovements are on the drawing board now!This OpenData User’s Guide is designed to provide information on how to correctly use the OpenData data tables weoffer. Because our name must appear on every web or printed page on which our data appears, it is important to usthat the data be used and interpreted correctly. (Please see the section on “What is Attribution?”). This guide providesthe information necessary for folks using the data to understand the relations, criteria and groupings most suitable totheir needs. We expect to update this document regularly. We would love to hear your comments, questions andideas -- please post on the Google Group: OpenSecrets OpenDataNOTE: This data is released under the Creative Commons license Attribute Non-Commercial Share Alike. This datamay NOT be used for any commercial purpose under this license. To request use of data for commercial purposes,contact us via apis@crp.org. All for-profit organizations must obtain a data license to use the OpenData.6/14/20152 of 62

Change Log11/30/2009 – PFD data released with the new pipe (ascii 134) delimiter.1/5/2010 – Change Log added to document4/19/2010 – Campaign Finance data information (pages 7 – 11) refined10/12/2010 improved Lobbying data field IncludeNSFS explanation8/22/11 - modified several PFD table structures: The AssetValue field in the PFDAsset table changed from 1 character to 2 characters.The AssetIncomeAmtRange in PFDAsset changed from 1 character to 4.The Asset4TransAmt field in the PFDTransactions table changed from 1 character to 2.10/3/11 -- Updated introduction8/23/12 - Campaign finance tables structure changes (Note: these changes only apply to 2012 and later) Other cycles are in the previous formatFECTransID (Indivs) from 7 to 19 charactersFECRecNo (Pacs and Pac Other tables) from 7 to 19 charactersContrib (Indivs) from 34 to 50 charactersOrgname (Indivs), Ultorg (Indivs, Cmtes), DonorCmte (Pac Other), ContribLendTrans (Pac Other),Pacshort (Pacs), Affiliate (Pacs), FirstLastP (Cands) from 40 to 50 charactersCity (Indivs, Pac Other) from 18 to 30 charactersFECOccEmp field removed from Indivs (replaced by separate Occupation and Employer fields)FECOccEmp field in Pac Other from 35 to 38 charactersOcc EF field in Indivs table renamed to OccupationEmployer field in Indivs table renamed to EmployerAmount field in PACs table from integer to float9/21/12 - Lobbying table structure changes.Registrant raw (Lobbying) from 95 to 110 charactersClient raw (Lobbying) from 95 to 110 charactersClient {Lobbying and Lob Industry) from 40 to 50 charactersUltorg (Lobbying) from 40 to 50 charactersSub (Lob Industry) from 40 to 50 charactersOrgid (Lobbying) - unused field removed2/13/14 - improved recipcode descriptions2/16/14 -- adding Date and DateText fields to documentation of PFD Asset table (p.54)6/14/20153 of 62

Change Log continued:3/7/14 - modified structure of Receipts527 table:Orgname from 40 to 50 charactersUltorg from 40 to 50 charactersRecipient from 40 to 50 charactersCity from 18 to 50 characters1/16/15 - modified structure of Expenditures tablePacshort from 40 to 50 characters6/5/15 - removed all reference to the old FEC formats6/12/15 - PFD Agreements -- orgname, ultorg, orgname2, ultorg2 all from 40 to 50 charactersPFD Assets -- AssetDividend from 1 to 2 characters and AssetIncomeAmountText from 10 to 50 charactersExpenditures - city from 18 to 30 characters6/14/20154 of 62

GENERAL INFORMATIONThe files are provided in zipped text files. The major Open Data tables are provided in a non-standard format that allows dirty data to beimported as we are provided some raw data fields that can contain formatting and other unprintable characters that choke many datasystems. This format requires a more advanced level of skill to import than a conventional CSV file. In this bulk data, text fields aresurrounded by the pipe character (ascii 124). Date and numeric fields are not. Commas separate all fields. We have provided someconventional CSV format files for smaller sets of data for those seeking a subset of data in an easy to import format. The OpenSecretsOpenData Google Group has some wonderful suggestions for solving import problems - check it out!We expect to update data for the current cycle a couple of times a year. Timing will depend on the interest in the data and our staffdemands. We will be collecting data about the files being downloaded, and this information will be used only to help us evaluate andimprove our OpenData service.While we are giving away data that we had been selling – and it continues to cost us real money to create and provide this data – we askthat you consider a donation to the Center to support this work and help ensure the continued availability of the data.Our OpenData initiative encompasses several different data sets that we gather from different sources. These data sets have differentcharacteristics, histories, peculiarities and limitations. CRP takes the original data and adds value by providing coding, standardizingnames and applying IDs. We expect to continue to grow this list of data sets as well as improve our documentation. At this time, we havedata available for:Campaign Finance Data, including Expenditures (from the FEC)Lobbying Data (from SOPR)527 Data (from IRS)Personal Finances Data (from Senate Office of Public Records, Office of the Clerk of the House and the US Office of Government Ethics)This OpenData User’s Guide covers each data set independently and includes information to explain criteria and restrictions commonlyused when linking them together. Each data section provides information about the data tables, information on criteria and processes forgrouping and summarizing data and even scripts to generate the tables into which the CSV data files can be loaded.This data is provided under a Creative Commons license, Attribute, Non-commercial, Share Alike. More information can be found in ourTerms of Service. If you would like to use the data for a commercial purpose -- to create a product for sale, include it in a for-profit website or any other commercial use, we’d love to talk to you about that project. Contact us at apis@crp.org6/14/20155 of 62

What is Attribution?Keeping our name attached to this data when it appears in places other than on OpenSecrets.org helps you, the user of it, by sourcing theinformation to a trusted nonpartisan organization. And it helps us, the producer of this data, by spreading the name of our organization andWeb site far and wide and illustrating the need to support our research so it can continue to "make change" and power projects like yours.Our Creative Commons license (legal code) spells out the Terms of Service in legalese. In short, you can remix, tweak and build upon ourwork non-commercially, as long as we are credited and your new creation is licensed under the identical terms. This guide shows you ho wCRP prefers to be credited—and what we consider to be insufficient credit. Should you prefer to use insufficient attribution in yourdesign, please contact us at apis@crp.org to purchase a data license that allows that.Preferred CitationIf you're building a site or online feature that essentially runs off of CRP's data, or if your project draws on a large portion of our data set,we ask you to display CRP's logo (you can get it here in various sizes) and link the logo to OpenSecrets.org. We prefer that you create alink to the specific type of data that you are displaying, when possible. For example, if you are displaying lobbying data, you can link tothe OpenSecrets Lobbying section at http://www.OpenSecrets.org/lobby/ -- and better yet, you can often link to the precise page ofinterest, such as the lobbyist or firm. Here's one way to do that:Sufficient CitationIf you're using only a small set of CRP data—say for a single chart or graphic—or we're just one ofmany information sources you're employing, an easily readable text-only credit line containing the nameof our organization or Web site, and linked to OpenSecrets.org, preferably to the specific page ofinterest, is sufficient. (No link is necessary if this use is on paper, of course.) Please place the credit lineas close to the data as possible, as in this example. Should your design prohibit sufficient citation,please contact us to negotiate a paid license agreement.Insufficient CitationAs indicated above, at a minimum we expect you to credit CRP using the group's full name and the name of our site. Here are someexamples of insufficient citation that would violate our Creative Commons license: 6/14/2015"Source: CRP"6 of 62

"Source: Open Secrets""Thanks to CRP for the data.""I got the data on OpenSecrets.org"The Center's full name and/or OpenSecrets.org but no link back to usNo sourcing statement—no mention at all of the Center for Responsive Politics or OpenSecrets.org, and no link toour siteAny citation that implies that the Center for Responsive Politics endorses your project, the way you use the data orany conclusions you draw from itIf you have questions, or you want to run your method of crediting CRP by someone at our organization, e-mail info@crp.org with thesubject line: "Crediting CRP for data."One more thing: We always like to see examples of our research in action, so let us know what cool things you do with it -- academicresearch, mashups, apps or op-eds. We'd love to spread the word.6/14/20157 of 62

CAMPAIGN FINANCE DATA Tables1. Candidates table (CandsCRP table) – FEC table foiacnCommon criteria:Currcand Y all current candidatesCyclecand Y includes all candidates active this cycle, including those who have dropped out or lost primaries or special electionsDistidrunfor like S Senate seats only2. Committees data (Cmtes table) – FEC table foaicm:3. Individual Contributions (Indivs table) – FEC table itcont:Common criteria applied to indivs data:Realcode not like Z9* (these are noncontributions)Limit types to 10, 11, 15, 15E, 15J, 22YRemember that Type 10 is soft money before 2004 and Levin Funds or outside spending 2004 RecipID like N* limits to candidatesSource P/PAC excludes contributions to PACs other than leadership PACsLink to committees on cmteid to cmteid and set primcode to Not like z4* to exclude contributions to joint fund raising committeesTo limit to individuals: contribid not blankTo exclude generic orgnames: source "GEN"4. PACs to Candidates data (PAC table) – FEC table itpas2 :PAC data is easily coded using the Cmtes table. This data is not generally used to calculate geography-based info because the location ofthe PAC is more often than not in DC or a few other major areas, like NYC, often unrelated to where the money is actually raised or forwhich influence is sought.In all cases, be sure to set realcode to Not like z9* and Not like z4* to eliminate transfers and joint fund raising committees.6/14/20158 of 62

To calculate direct contributions to candidates, you limit to DI D. You will almost always want to do this.To calculate totals to Democrats:link PACs to Cands on CID where Cands.Party D and DI DTo calculate totals to Repubs:link PACs to Cands on CID where Cands.Party R and DI DTo calculate indirect expenditures made for/against cands, you limit to DI ITypes 24A is an Indendent Expenditure againstTypes 24N are Comm Costs againstType 24C is Coordinate Party Exp forType 24E is an Independent Exp forType 24F are Comm Costs forEx: To calculate indirect expenditures/comm costs made against democrats:Link PACs to Cands on CID where Cands.Party D and PACs.type in (24A, 24N) and DI INote that the FEC every now and then puts PAC to candidate data in the PAC to PAC table – to be thorough, check there as well5. PACs to PACs data (Pac Other table) – FEC table itoth:Common criteria:Industries: Types 24K, 22Z, 24R, 24ZRecipprimcode like Z5* for contributions to party committeesRecipprimcode like like Z1* or RecipID like N* to limit contributions to candidatesRecipprimcode like j2* to limit contributions to leadership PACsRealcode not like z9* and not like z4* to exclude transfers and contributions from joint fund raising committees6. Expenditures – FEC table electronic filing:Data is only available for part of the 2000 cycle and in complete/ongoing sets for 2002-2014. At least at this time, there is no electronicfiling for senators or Senate candidates, but the FEC started providing Senate members and candidates expenditure data in 2010 in theirdata catalog. We have incorporated this data into the electronically filed expenditure data.6/14/20159 of 62

We have never had sufficient staff to properly work with the expenditure data, so in general it is not up to the standards of most of ourother data. We started coding with a two-digit code and switched to a three character code several years ago. The earlier the cycle, theless standardization and coding that has been done. During the 2000-2010 period of this data, the FEC changed the reporting formats andrequirements a number of times, which adds to the quality variance between cycles.6/14/201510 of 62

More Campaign Finance InformationRecipCodes – just two characters, and so much informationRecipcodes are found in many campaign finance tables. They provide a quick way to select specific large groups. Here’s how to “decode”the recipcode field:For Candidates Party Status For Cmtes:a)Party Cmtes Party Pb)Outside spending Cmtes O CmteBLIO c)All other Cmtes P CmteBLIO Party “D” for Democratic, “R” for Republican, “3” for Independent, Libertarian or third party, “U” for Unknown Status “W” for Winner, “L” for Loser, “I” for incumbent, “C” for Challenger, “O” for “Open Seat”, and “N” for Non-incumbent. “N” isreserved for candidates that are neither in office nor running during the cycle in question. CmteBLIO “B” for Business, “L” for Labor”, “I” for Ideological, “O” for “Other” and “U” for unknown.Party Cmtes recipcode like PNon-party Cmtes recipcode like p*Problems when combining Indivs and PACs data – don’t double count!You do not want to include the money listed in the Indivs table going to PACs because it will show up again as contributions from thePAC. So, limit the money counted from Indivs:Join Indivs to Cmtes on Indivs.CmteID Cmtes.CmteID withIndivs.RecipCode not like P*Note that this will exclude contributions to leadership PACs. If you want to include individual contributions to leadership PACs, doNOT exclude based on Recipcode. Instead, limit to where Indivs.Party is not null and Indivs.Party ”” (does not equal blank.)Additionally, restrictions are required for the PAC to PAC data because if those PACs getting money from other PACs then turn aroundand give that money to candidates, that will also result in double counting.6/14/201511 of 62

We do not fill in or standardize orgname for contributions where recipient is a non-leadership PAC (in which case source is generallyP/PAC). Those transactions are presumed to be representative of the recipient, and we want to count the money coming FROM tho sePACs, not the money going to those PACs (and we have to choose or we'll double count).Calculate Top ContributorsData to include: We calculate top contributors for House members using 2-year cycle data and for Senate members/candidates wecalculate for a 6-year or 3 cycle period. So, for a Senate member/candidate who was also a senator and/or was raising money to run forthat Senate seat during either of the two previous cycles, that data is counted, as well as the data for the cycle being calculated. Forexample, to calculate the top contributors in the 2008 cycle to Steve Kagen (WI08), use just the 2008 data (Indivs, PACs, Pac other). Butto calculate the 2008 top contributors to Ted Kennedy (MAS1), I would include his 2004, 2006 and 2008 cycle data. For someon e whoserved in the House in 2004 and was elected to the Senate in 2006, calculating his 2008 top contributors, we’d only use his 2006 and 2008data. Note that we now typically exclude money to presidential campaign committees for congressional candidate and member profiles. Toexclude money to presidential campaign committees, link Indivs.Cmteid to Cmtes.Cmteid and limit Cmtes.Feccandid to “Not like p*”. Formost members and candidates this will not be necessary.How to pick orgname or ultorg: When calculating top contributors, it’s important to select the display/calculating unit properly: theorgname or the ultorg. In general, here’s the rule: if the grouping unit (candidate, state, race, etc) has more than one di stinct orgname forany given ultorg, you list the ultorg with the total of the orgnames. If an ultorg has but a single orgname for a given group, you list theorgname.Information about FEC data field values such as transaction types, report codes and the like can be found in .txt files on ftp.fec.gov/FEC/6/14/201512 of 62

LOBBYING DATAThere are 7 Lobbying llsReport TypesThe Ins and Outs of Calculating Lobbying Totals by IndustryWe use the individual expenditures in the lobbying table to calculate the total in the lobbying industries table. In most cases it is a straightforward scenario where you just take in account the ind y. It is more complicated for cases where registrants include their non self filersubsidiaries' activities (IncludeNSFS y). For those, we examine the catcode of the parent and the catcode of the subsidiary (self c andself b). If they are from different industries then we subtract the total of the subsidiary from the total of the parent and count it toward theother industry. For example look a General Electric in 2007.IncludeNSFS signifies whether a filer includes expenditures from its own self filing. A value of "n' means that the parent company doesinclude the lobbying expenditures of its subsidiaries in its disclosure form and thus, the expenditures reported by subsidiaries should not beincluded in the total sum. Conversely, a value of "y" would mean the parent company's disclosure report does not capture the lobbyingexpenditures of its subsidiaries and any expenditures by the subsidiaries should be added in addition to the parent companies lobbyingexpenditures. The field is also used to indicate if the filer is a subcontractor (making business on behalf of) with the "s" value.6/14/201513 of 62

527 DATAThere are 3 527 tables:527 CommitteesReceiptsExpenditures6/14/201514 of 62

PERSONAL FINANCES DATAThere are 10 Personal Finances tables aIncomeLiabilitiesPositionsTransactionsTravelYou will also need the excel spreadsheet of the various ranges for the forms: CRP PFD RangeData.xls in order to interpret and calculatethe data in many of the tables.Personal financial disclosure forms (PFDs) are filed by May 15 each year, covering the prior calendar year, and are released to the public30 days later. The Center for Responsive Politics obtained reports covering 2004 through 2009 for members of Congress from the SenateOffice of Public Records and the Office of the Clerk of the House. CRP did not collect personal financial data for non-incumbentcandidates for federal office; there are simply too many. For the executive branch, the U.S. Office of Government Ethics provided reportsfor the president, vice president, presidential Cabinet and other select officials. Supreme Court filings are provided by the AdministrativeOffice of the US Courts. After electronically scanning the paper reports into digital images, the information was captured via data entryand verified. Further description of what can be found in PFD reports is available on the Disclosure Rules page.Each PFD table includes a “Dupe” field. All records where Dupe D, should be excluded from calculations because it is replaced orremoved by an amended report or double counts information in the same filing.Filers are required to include much of the same information about their spouses that they must disclose about their own finances andactivities. Though lower levels of specificity are often allowed, assets, liabilities, income, transactions, gifts, and travel reimbursements ofspouses and dependent children are included in these disclosures and, therefore, are used in our industry and net worth calculations. Thisinformation is found in fields such as “AssetSpouseJointDep” or “Asset4SJD.” Some filers attach account statements or other additionalmaterial as a supplement or replacement for the standard forms. When new or more detailed information was available in theseattachments, it was entered as well. When a figure is present in “AssetExactValue” (Assets) or “Asset4ExactAmt” (Transactions) it shouldbe used in calculations as both the minimum and maximum value, in place of the ranges represented in “AssetValue” or“Asset4TransAmt” respectively.6/14/201515 of 62

Once the database was populated, the names of assets, liabilities and transactions, as well as sources of income, gifts, travelreimbursements, outside positions and agreements, were standardized in the “Orgname” field and, when appropriate, categorized accordingto industry in the “RealCode” field. The Assets, Trans, and Agreements tables also have an Orgname2 field that should be used whenpresent, otherwise use Orgname. When both are filled, Orgname will usually give information about what account the assets are held in.For Agreements, the two fields disclose the two parties to the agreement. The second party is assumed to be the filer and is thus typicallyleft empty.Assets were also coded according to type of investment, allowing them to be identified, where possible, as stocks, bonds, mutual funds,etc. When an industry code was not appropriate, as with diversified mutual funds and items such as cash accounts, those figures areexcluded from industry profiles. When calculating totals by industry, use AssetTypeCRP to limit to public and private compani es (S,P),corporate bonds (C), sector specific mutual funds (FI), and real estate (R). The other types, including bonds, accounts, and diversifiedmutual funds are not categorized and counted as part of an industry. P is used as a placeholder when a company’s status as public orprivate has not yet been determined.Calculate the value of assets and transactions will require reference to CRP PFD RangeData.xls. The code found in “AssetValue”,“LiabilityAmt”, “Asset4TransAmt” corresponds to the “Code” fields in the spreadsheet’s Ranges tables and will provide a minimum andmaximum value. Remember, when “AssetExactValue” or “Asset4ExactAmt” are not null, that value is more accurate and should be u sedin place of the range. On her 2007 report, Sen. Elizabeth Dole reported the full value of private ventures in which her husband was partowner while also indicating what percentage was attributable to him. After consulting with her office, CRP calculated as best as possiblethe true value of those interests. The “MinValue” and “MaxValue” columns in the “DoleAssetFactors” and “DoleTransFactors” tabsfigures must be used to replace the standard ranges for her assets whenever working with data that includes 2007 SenateNet worth was calculated by summing the filer's assets and then subtracting any listed liabilities. Filers report the amount of each of theirassets, transactions and liabilities as falling within one of several ranges. The minimum possible values for each asset are added together asare the maximum possible values. Likewise, minimum and maximum liability amounts are summed. The maximum debt figure was thensubtracted from the minimum asset figure and the minimum debt figure was subtracted from the maximum asset figure. The resultingrange represents the extremes of how much a filer could be worth and their actual net worth should fall somewhere within that range. Themidpoint or average of the two limits was also calculated and used for purposes of ranking the filers by wealth. Using the av erage for theserankings avoids much of the distortion caused when a filer is highly leveraged. Due to the various ranges reported on the forms, filer s withhigh liability totals as well as high asset totals could find themselves deep in the red and ranked accordingly low if the minimum possiblenet worth is used despite the fact that they are widely regarded as one of the wealthiest members of Congress. All three figures aredisplayed for reference, but the use of the average paints a picture that much more accurately reflects reality. The top range of "Over 50million" limits valuation of very large assets. Additionally, Senate forms allow spousal assets to be categorized as “Over 1 million.”When further disclosure or research definitively reveals a more accurate figure, it is used in place of the range.Top Assets were determined by adding the minimum and maximum value ranges for a given asset for all filers that held it. For example, ifthree filers each reported holding Microsoft stock worth between 1,001 and 5,000, the total holding of Microsoft would be listed as 3,003 to 15,000.6/14/201516 of 62

Note that the ethics law does not require filers to report property or liabilities, including personal residences and their r elated mortgages,that are not held as investments and do not produce income. Regardless, some filers did list this information, and when they d

Jun 12, 2015 · any conclusions you draw from it If you have questions, or you want to run your method of crediting CRP by someone at our organization, e-mail info@crp.org with the subject line: "Crediting CRP for data." One more thing: We always like to see examples of our research in action, so let us know what cool things you do with it -- academic

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