By Helen Frost Books In Bloom: Monarchs And Milkweed 48

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by Helen FrostIllustrated by Leonid GorePublished by Atheneum Booksfor Young Readers (2008)Grade Level: K-3Books In Bloom: Monarchs and MilkweedCopyright 2014, National Gardening Association. All rights reserved48

Monarch and MilkweedWhat We Love About This Book Beyond the chrysalis — provides a closer look at the Monarch life cycle and theplant that makes it possibleDiscover the BookMonarch and milkweed are made for each other, and their special relationshipis the focus of this beautiful picture book. Newcomers and butterfly enthusiastswho are already familiar with the Monarch’s annual migration will learn about thebiological interdependence of this butterfly and the milkweed plant. The circularstructure of the book, beginning with the emergence of one milkweed seedlingand ending with another a calendar year later, also presents a complete life cycle ofthe Monarch. The beginning stages of plant and insect development are presentedin parallel on alternating pages up until the moment when the butterfly first feedson milkweed in full bloom and their stories intertwine.Readers will appreciate the clear illustrations. The details of the yellow, black, andwhite Monarch caterpillar; stages of the chrysalis; and mature Monarch are presentedin a larger-than-life format. The softly textured pastel and acrylic paintings highlightthe close-up biological details, yet also provide panoramic cross-country landscapesin aesthetically pleasing earth tones. Migration routes are found in the book’s endpages, with the spring and summer northward migration at the front, and fall andwinter southward route represented at the back. An author’s note at the backprovides further information and lists relevant websites for those who want tolearn more.Explore the BiologyThis book tells the twin tales of the milkweed plant and the Monarch butterfly bywalking the reader through the life cycle of both insect and plant and illustratinghow the two intersect. Perhaps the obvious question is: why do Monarch larvaefeed on milkweed? Why not on other plants? The answer is that nature is filledwith specialized relationships; some are mutually beneficial and others benefitonly one partner. In this case, the Monarch gains at the expense of the milkweed.Milkweed is a common plant that is best known for the role it plays in completingthe life cycle of these lovely lepidoptera. Milkweed produces a toxic compoundthat tastes bitter and discourages insects and large herbivores from consuming it.Monarchs have evolved resistance to this compound, so the larvae use this foodsource without dying. They are one of the few organisms that can eat this plant; asa result, they have little competition for their food. Even better, the Monarch larvaeaccumulate the toxin and themselves become poisonous as they mature. This isone of the reasons few birds prey upon this butterfly.49Books In Bloom: Monarch and MilkweedCopyright 2014, National Gardening Association. All rights reserved

Digging DeeperTalking Points1. How are the life cycles of Monarchs and milkweed interrelated?After reading the book, ask your readers to describe the stages of the Monarch’slife cycle, identifying when it coincides with milkweed’s. Find the images in thetext that highlight their relationship at different stages; for example, a maturebutterfly is shown landing on a milkweed in bloom and sipping nectar; later, adeveloping Monarch larva is shown feasting on milkweed leaves.2. Is this a partnership or a one-way relationship?Ask the readers if the dynamic between the butterfly and the milkweed is a truepartnership or a one-way relationship. In other words, what does the Monarchget from the milkweed and what does the milkweed get from the Monarch?They should come to see that the butterfly is the clear beneficiary in this one-wayrelationship because the milkweed plant serves as a food source for the developinglarvae and produces the toxin that makes the adults bitter and poisonous toeat. The milkweed gains little from the relationship. Monarchs can pollinatemilkweed flowers, but so can moths, other butterflies, and bees. What led to theevolution of this relationship is that few insects could eat milkweed, so therewas little competition for this food source, and the toxin protected the insectfrom being eaten.3. Can Monarchs only eat milkweed?Using the images in the book, ask your readers what the larvae feed on (milkweedleaves) and what the adult butterflies eat (nectar from many types of flowers).The adults require a sugar solution to survive, and in nature this is found innectar-producing flowers and rotting fruit. Since many flowers produce nectar toattract pollinators, adult Monarchs are able to feed upon many different species,ensuring that they can eat throughout their travels, even when milkweed is notin bloom. The larvae, on the other hand, feed only on milkweed.Books In Bloom: Monarch and MilkweedCopyright 2014, National Gardening Association. All rights reserved50

Related BooksLearning ExperiencesMonarch ButterflyWritten and Illustrated byGail Gibbons1. Merge the milkweed and Monarch life cycles.To understand the parallel developmental stages of the Monarch and milkweed,use pictures to represent the seedling-to-seedling and butterfly-to-butterflyprogression featured in the book. Have your readers color and cut out thepictures. Using the book as a reference, first order the milkweed pictures on thefloor or glue them to a sheet of paper. Next, place the Monarch stages next tothe milkweed to show when the two life cycles intersect.Published by Holiday House (1991)Grade Level: 2-4An Extraordinary Life: The Storyof a Monarch ButterflyWritten by Laurence PringleIllustrated by Bob MarstallPublished by Orchard Books (1997)Grade Level: 3-6Are You a Butterfly?Written by Judy AllenIllustrated by Tudor HumphriesPublished by Kingfisher (2003)Grade Level: K-32. Track the migration.Monarch development and migration is a rich curricular topic, and thismultigenerational trek is one of the most beloved natural events in NorthAmerica. There are many websites that offer up-to-the-minute tracking ofthe Monarch’s migration and videos of metamorphosis. Print a map of NorthAmerica and, using online resources, draw the various migration routes thatMonarchs follow. Depending on reader interest and reading levels, the map canbe as simple as the one shown on the end pages of the book, or can be mademore complex by adding layers of detail such as migration dates, generations,speed, and specific locations en route.3. Plant a Monarch way station.As Monarchs make their journey north and south each year, they must find stopsalong the way to refuel and reproduce. Create a way-station habitat that providesfor all the Monarch’s needs, including nectar plants for adults, milkweed for larvae,nearby structures for chrysalis attachment, dark stones for warming in the sun,and puddles for water. Your habitat can be planted directly in the ground, inraised beds, or in containers. In addition to providing a temporary home forMonarchs, your new butterfly habitat will provide the perfect location for observers.The Life Cycle of the Monarch Butterflyand Milkweed Plant151Seeds disperse and growintosee2 Plant grdlinowsgs.an deggs are laid.Books In Bloom: Monarch and MilkweedCopyright 2014, National Gardening Association. All rights reserved

Lesson PlanMonarch Migration MapObjectiveTo explore the journey of the Monarch butterflies.Time8 to 10 weeksMaterials Map of North America Milkweed plants or seeds Monarch observation worksheetLaying theGroundworkAsk readers: What is the life cycle of a butterfly?(Butterflies go through many changes during their lives. A butterflystarts as a small egg, which then hatches into a caterpillar. Thiscaterpillar then feeds on plant leaves and grows. When it reachesa certain size, it builds a chrysalis around itself. Even though it maylook like it is dormant and in a sleeping bag, the developing butterflyis busy forming its wings within this structure. In the last stage ofits life, the butterfly emerges from its chrysalis and takes flight. Iteats nectar and pollen from flowers and lays eggs to complete thelife cycle. Butterflies lay their eggs on plants that caterpillars liketo eat so that as soon as the young hatch, they can begin growing.) What is migration?(Migration refers to the movement of animals, usually seasonal, tofind food or more favorable environmental conditions. Monarchsmove south each fall to escape cold temperatures and north eachspring to find additional food alis4feeds ongrowing leaves.Books In Bloom: Monarch and MilkweedCopyright 2014, National Gardening Association. All rights reserved5erswfloPlantdanbu52

Exploration1. Using a map of North America, discuss the migration routesthat Monarchs follow.2. Add dates indicating approximately when the Monarchs firstreach each stage in their journey to your map, using datasubmitted to the citizen science project Journey North atwww.learner.org/jnorth/monarch/.Data is available from 1997 to the present.3. Brainstorm with your readers the reasons that the dateswould vary each year.Temperatures and food availability should top the list.4. Begin observation in your outdoor space.Plant milkweed plants in containers, in raised beds, or in theground and observe regularly. Record temperatures for eachday and note how many Monarchs are observed. You can sharethis data online through the Journey North website with otherobservers across the country.Branching Out A sk students to pretend they are Monarch butterflies and have themwrite a diary about their journey. Make sure they understand thatan individual butterfly does not survive to fly all the way north andback each year, but rather, multiple generations make the journey.53Books In Bloom: Monarch and MilkweedCopyright 2014, National Gardening Association. All rights reserved

MONARCHS AND MILKWEEDMONARCH OBSERVATIONNAMEDATEMonarch Migration MapDateTemperatureHighLowBooks In Bloom: Monarch and MilkweedCopyright 2014, National Gardening Association. All rights reservedNumber ofMonarchsObservedDateTemperatureHighLowNumber ofMonarchsObserved54

MONARCHS AND MILKWEEDNAMEMONARCH OBSERVATIONDATELife Cycle Stages of the Monarch Butterfly and Milkweed Plant55Books In Bloom: Monarch and MilkweedCopyright 2014, National Gardening Association. All rights reserved

in parallel on alternating pages up until the moment when the butterfly first feeds . Grade Level: 2-4 An Extraordinary Life: The Story of a Monarch Butterfly . The Life Cycle of the Monarch Butterfly and Milkweed Plant. 52. P l a n t f o w e r s h a n d. b u t t e r f i e s e m e r g e .

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