Compounds And Mixtures - Clarendon Learning

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Compounds and MixturesGrade Level: 4-5Teacher GuidelinesInstructional PagesActivity PagePractice PageHomework PageAnswer Key pages 1 – 2pages 3 – 5pages 6 - 8page 9page 10page 11 - 12

Classroom Procedure:1. Display a coin, a glass of water, salt, iron, or otherexamples of elements, mixtures, compounds. Askstudents: What do each of the substances have incommon? What is different about them?2. List students’ responses and discuss. Lead thediscussion to matter and elements, compounds, andmixtures.3. Distribute Compounds and Mixtures content pages.Read and review the information with the students.Display and demonstrate some examples of compoundsof mixtures if possible. Use the additional resourcesto enhance understanding.4. Distribute Activity page. Read and review theinstructions. (The activity would be more effectiveif hands-on activities were used for each type ofcompound or mixture. Use the additional resources forsuggestions.) Give students sufficient time to completeeach sketch. Answers may vary but the drawingsshould match the characteristics for the terms.5. Once completed, allow student volunteers to displaya sketch with an explanation to the class about theterm. Students may ask questions or enhance eachother’s explanations.6. Distribute Practice page. Check and review thestudents’ responses.7. Distribute the Homework page. The next day, allowstudents to share examples of compounds of mixturesfrom home. Check and review responses to questions.8. In closing, ask: What is your favorite mixture to eat?Why is it a mixture?9. Allow for responses and discussion.10. Distribute small bags of M & M’s (or other similarcandies. Nuts, etc.) to students. Ask: Why is thecandy a mixture? Ask if the mixture can be physicallyseparated.11. Allow for responses and discussion.Approximate Grade Level: 4 – 5Objectives:The students will be able to compare and contrasta variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks insand, sand in water, or sugar in water, demonstratethat some mixtures maintain physical propertiesof their ingredients such as iron filings and sand;and identify changes that can occur in the physicalproperties of the ingredients of solutions such asdissolving salt in water or adding lemon juice to water.TEKS:Science Grade 4: b.5.CScience Grade 5: b.5.C-DClass Sessions (45 minutes):At least 2 class sessions.Teaching Materials/Worksheets:Compounds and Mixtures content pages (2), Activitypages (3), Practice page, Homework pageStudent Supplies:Colored pencils, handoutsPrepare Ahead of Time:Lesson opening substances. Suggested: Supplies,materials, substances for hands-on activities. Copyhandouts.Options for Lesson:Students may work in pairs for the activity. Useconstruction paper, or similar, for students to sketcheach type of mixture/compound. Set up stationswith compounds and mixture types, students identifyeach type, sketching what they observe. Distributea periodic table of elements to each student, discussthe combinations of elements and the compoundsand mixtures which can be created. Invite a chemistto speak to the students about elements, compounds,and mixtures.1

Teacher NotesThis chemistry-related lesson focuses on the differences between compounds and mixtures, as well aselements. Many students get confused between the three concepts as they are often mentioned in nearly allchemistry-related content. As with most chemistry lessons, it is encouraged and recommended that studentsengage in as many hands-on activities as possible. These will help students distinguish the differencesbetween elements, mixtures, and compounds more easily.Additional ce/chemical material behaviour/compounds ce/chemistry/chemical chemistry.html oofs/SQ8 AC VIC/c07ElementsCompoundsAndMixtures ementsCompoundsMixtures 245354Videos:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v D6Zz0daxZ9Y (3 min)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v aKVonDfbHrQ (11 min)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v lDNpCAFKhqY (8 min)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v IFv-k7XuMFM (1 min-using Legos)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v MaZ7lsc5ub8 (5 min)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v 1CkPhAWrcSQ (8 min-activity)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v avgFqlNML5o (7 min)2

CompoundsEverything is made of matter. Nearly all matter is found as a solid, liquid or gas. Matter is made up ofmolecules, and molecules are made up of atoms or elements. An element is a pure substance that cannotbe separated physically or chemically. For example, oxygen is an element. An atom of oxygen cannot besplit into another substance. It is pure. All the elements known to man are listed on The Periodic Table ofElements. Examples include hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, gold, helium, potassium, and over 100 additionalelements. These elements are the basis of everything.Compounds are made up of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. A chemical reactionoccurs as the elements react and form a new substance.One of the best examples of a compound is water. Water is a liquid but is formed by the reaction betweentwo elements: hydrogen and oxygen.Each water molecule is made up of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.There are millions and millions of compounds or substances. Each of them ismade up of different types of molecules, which are made up of different kinds ofelements or atoms. It is the combination of these atoms and molecules that resultin the different substances. For example, sugar is also made up of hydrogen andoxygen, but adds a third element: carbon. One sugar molecule has 6 carbonatoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms. Sugar is also a compound.3

A chemical reaction is the only process that can be used for separating the molecules of a compound. Achemical change must take place to break apart the bonds of a compound. For example, the food you eatgoes through a chemical change during digestion. This is how the nutrients from the food you eat can beprocessed into your body. Digestion is an example of a chemical reaction breaking compounds apart.The main characteristics of compounds:They are made of elements in Compounds have a chemicala specific ratio that always re- formula: Water (H2O), Sugarmains the same.(C6H1206), Carbon Dioxide (CO2)They can only be separated chemicallyand not physically.On the other hand, mixtures can be physically separated very easily.MixturesMixtures are made when two or more substances are combined, but not chemically.For example, water and sugar are compounds, but they can be easily combinedinto a mixture. Simply stir some sugar into a glass of water and you have createda mixture called sugar water.The substances and compounds that make up a mixture do not change and thereis no chemical reaction. They can be easily separated. Using the sugar waterexample, the two substances will separate as the water evaporates into the air.The main characteristics of mixtures:Combines two or moresubstances held together byphysical forces and are notchemically combined.There is no chemical changeand each substance retains itsproperties in the mixture.The substances can only beseparated physically and notchemically.4

Just as there are millions of compounds, there are also millions of examples of mixtures. However, thereare also different mixture types within two main categories: heterogeneous and homogeneous.HeterogeneousHomogeneousSubstances that are not evenly distributedsuch as chocolate chip cookies, pizza, orsalads. For example, every bite in a chocolatechip cookie may be different.Substances that are evenly distributed such asthe air, salt water, or blood. For example, everysip of salt water will be the same.SuspensionsSolutionsLiquid and solid particles. The solid particlesdo not dissolve but spread throughout theliquid and are “suspended”. The particles willeventually separate and settle to the bottom.Sand and water is an example.One substance dissolves into the other. Thesolute is the substance that dissolves, and thesolvent does not dissolve. For salt water, saltis a solute, and water is the solvent.ColloidsAlloysVery small particles of one substance areevenly distributed throughout another, but arenot fully dissolved. The particles do not settlebut stay afloat. Examples include milk, muddywater, jelly, and mayonnaise.A mixture of elements that has thecharacteristics of a metal. One of the elementsmixed must be a metal. An example is steelwhich is made from a mixture of carbon andiron. Others include brass and bronze.As you can see, compounds and mixtures are everywhere including the air you breathe, the tap water youdrink, the sugar on your cereal, and the blood inside your body. The main difference between compoundsand mixtures is how the substances are joined together and how they react with each other.5

ActivityName DateSketch each of the following types of compounds or mixtures. The sketches must clearly distinguishthe differences between each. Label where needed.ElementMolecule6

ActivityName DateShow the Difference Between an Element/CompoundShow the Difference Between a Mixture/CompoundHomogeneous MixtureHeterogeneous Mixture7

ActivityName DateSolutionSuspensionAlloyColloidTell whether each of the following is an Element (E), Compound (C), or Mixture ajelly beansneon gasvinegarchicken soupsugarsaladbaking sodahydrogendiamondwaterairdish soap8

PracticeName DateMatch each definition to the correct term1A mixture of substances that are not evenly distributed.AAlloy2The place where all elements known to man are listed.BAtoms3Small particles distributed but do not fully dissolve in the substance.CChemical4A mixture of substances evenly distributed such as air or salt water.DColloid5Mixtures can be separated using this method.ECompound6They are made up of atoms and elements.FElement7Made up of 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.G Heterogeneous8Everything is made of this.HHomogeneous9Substances that make up molecules.IMatter10One substance dissolves into another in this type of mixture.JMixture11A pure substance that cannot be separated physically or chemically.KMolecules12Solid particles do not dissolve and may sink to the bottom.LPeriodic Table13Compounds can be separated using this type of reaction.M Physical14Made up of molecules and atoms, can be a solid, liquid, or gas.N15A mixture of elements that has the characteristics of a metal.O SuspensionSolution9

HomeworkName DateSearch your home (with permission) and list some examples of compounds and mixtures. Tell whyit is a compound or a mixture, and if a mixture, the type.Compounds & Why is it a compound?Mixtures & Why is it a mixture? What type?Circle the correct choice for each statement1. The amount of substances in a mixture (can – cannot) be varied, for a compound they (can – cannot).2. The different substances in a mixture (can – cannot) be joined chemically; a compound (can – cannot).3. Substances in a mixture (does – does not) keep its own properties.4. Substances in a compound (can – cannot) be easily separated; in a mixture, they (can – cannot).5. Examples of (mixtures – compounds) are air, sea water, and most rocks.6. Examples of (mixtures – compounds) are water, salt, and sugar.7. Compounds are made of elements and have a (physical – chemical) formula.8. A (solvent – solute) is the substance that dissolves in another substance.9. True or False: A mixture cannot have five substances.10. True or False: In a suspension, a substance may sink to the bottom.10

PracticeAnswer KeyNameDateTell whether each of the following is an Element (E), Compound (C), or Mixture (M).M rocksM teaEcopperC saltM jelly beansEneon gasC sugarM saladC diamondC waterMatch each definition to the correct termEMCCMaluminumlemonadevinegarbaking sodaairECMEMheliumammoniachicken souphydrogendish soap1GA mixture of substances that are not evenly distributed.AAlloy2LThe place where all elements known to man are listed.BAtoms3DSmall particles distributed but do not fully dissolve in the substance.CChemical4HA mixture of substances evenly distributed such as air or salt water.DColloid5MMixtures can be separated using this method.ECompound6KThey are made up of atoms and elements.FElement7EMade up of 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.G Heterogeneous8IEverything is made of this.HHomogeneous9BSubstances that make up molecules.IMatter10 NOne substance dissolves into another in this type of mixture.JMixture11 FA pure substance that cannot be separated physically or chemically.KMolecules12 OSolid particles do not dissolve and may sink to the bottom.LPeriodic Table13 CCompounds can be separated using this type of reaction.M Physical14 JMade up of molecules and atoms, can be a solid, liquid, or gas.N15 AA mixture of elements that has the characteristics of a metal.O SuspensionSolution11

HomeworkAnswer KeyNameDateSearch your home (with permission) and list some examples of compounds and mixtures. Tell whyit is a compound or a mixture, and if a mixture, the type.Compounds & Why is it a compound?Mixtures & Why is it a mixture? What type?Circle the correct choice for each statement1. The amount of substances in a mixture (can – cannot) be varied, for a compound they (can – cannot).11. The different substances in a mixture (can – cannot) be joined chemically; a compound (can – cannot).12. A substance in a mixture (does – does not) keep its own properties.13. Substances in a compound (can – cannot) be easily separated; in a mixture, they (can – cannot).14. Examples of (mixtures – compounds) are air, sea water, and most rocks.15. Examples of (mixtures – compounds) are water, salt, and sugar.16. Compounds are made of elements and have a (physical – chemical) formula.17. A (solvent – solute) is the substance that dissolves in another substance.18. True or False: A mixture cannot have five substances.19. True or False: In a suspension, a substance may sink to the bottom.12

with compounds and mixture types, students identify each type, sketching what they observe. Distribute a periodic table of elements to each student, discuss the combinations of elements and the compounds and mixtures which can be created. Invite a chemist to speak to the students about elements, compounds, and mixtures.

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