Electron Configuration (Section 5.2)
Electron Configuration(Section 5.2)Dr. Walker
Objectives To determine the electron configuration of anyof the first 38 elements of the periodic table To determine the identity of an element fromits electron configuration To complete an orbital diagram using arrowsto represent electrons
Where are Electrons? Electrons exist in different energy levels(previously described as “shells”) The energy levels correspond to the horizontalrows on the periodic table
Where are Electrons? Orbitals are areas within shells where the electrons arelocated– These orbitals may have different shapes– There may be different numbers of orbitals within a shell We know the electron is somewhere in the orbital, butwe can’t know exactly where it is or how fast it ismoving– Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle Each orbital can hold two electrons (Pauli ExclusionPrinciple)
Learning Check What are orbitals? Where are orbitals? How many electrons reside in each orbital?
Learning Check What are orbitals? A place where electronscan be found Where are orbitals? Outside the nucleus How many electrons reside in each orbital? 2
Types of Orbitals (subshells) S orbitals – 1 orbital per shell – holds electronstotal P orbitals – 3 orbitals per shell – holds electronstotal D orbitals – 5 orbitals per shell – holds electronstotal F orbitals – 7 orbitals per shell – holds electronstotal
Types of Orbitals (subshells) S orbitals – 1 orbital per shell – holds 2 electrons total P orbitals – 3 orbitals per shell – holds 6 electrons total D orbitals – 5 orbitals per shell – holds 10 electronstotal F orbitals – 7 orbitals per shell – holds 14 electronstotal
Electron Configuration Defined– Electron configuration is the arrangement ofelectrons around the nucleus of an atom based ontheir energy level.
Actual Electron Configurations Total electrons atomic number Electrons are added one at a time to thelowest energy levels first (Aufbau principle) Fill energy levels with electrons until you runout A superscript states how many electrons are ineach level
Order of Orbitals Low Energy to High Energy (# of electrons)–––––––––––1s (2)2s (2)2p (6)3s (2)3p (6)4s (2)3d (10)4 p (6)5s (2)Continues for the whole periodic tableYou’re expected to know through here
Making Sense of the Order
Another option Draw the orbitals in this format, use diagonallines to determine order of orbitals to fill
Actual Electron Configurations Total electrons atomic number Fill energy levels with electrons until you runout A superscript states how many electrons are ineach level– Hydrogen – 1s1 – 1 electron total– Helium – 1s2 – 2 electrons total– Lithium – 1s22s1 – 3 electrons total– Beryllium – 1s22s2 – 4 electrons total
Write allActual Electron Configurations Bigger Elements– Fill the energy levels until you run out of electrons– Oxygen– Sodium– Titanium
Actual Electron Configurations Bigger Elements– Fill the energy levels until you run out of electrons– Oxygen 1s22s22p4– Sodium 1s22s22p63s1– Titanium 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2
Practice Potassium
Practice Potassium– Atomic Number 19– 1s22s22p63s23p64s1– Superscripts add up to atomic number
The orbitals and the periodic tableThe s suborbitalfills
The orbitals and the periodic tableThe psuborbitals fill
The orbitals and the periodic tableThe dsuborbitals fill
Shorthand Shorter form of electron configuration [Ne] 1s22s22p6 [Ar] 1s22s22p63s23p6 Potassium– Atomic Number 19– 1s22s22p63s23p64s1– [Ar]4s1
Pauli Exclusion Principle Two electrons in same orbital have differentspins
Orbital Diagrams-Each electron is an arrow-They have opposing “spins” – think of two bar magnets together-Orbital diagrams are visual representations of electron configuration
Hund’s Rule When electrons are filling orbitals of the sameenergy, they prefer to enter empty orbitalsfirst. These electrons all have the same spin A diagram of nitrogen is shown below (7 totalelectrons)
Benchmark Alert!!Hund’s Rule The orbital diagram below violates Hund’s rulebecause the third electron does not enter theempty 2p orbitalBenchmark Alert!!!
Terms to Know & Skills to Master Terms––––OrbitalsHund’s RuleAufbau principlePauli Exclusion principle Skills– Determining electron configuration from number ofelectrons– Determining the identity of an element from its electronconfiguration– Completing orbital diagrams using arrows to representelectrons
To determine the electron configuration of any of the first 38 elements of the periodic table To determine the identity of an element from its electron configuration To complete an orbital diagram using arrows to represent electrons . . rows on the periodic table .File Size: 863KBPage Count: 31Explore furtherElectron Configuration Chart for All Elements in the .sciencestruck.comElectron configuration of every element in the periodic tablewww.biochemhelp.comElectron Configuration Chart - ThoughtCowww.thoughtco.comList of Electron Configurations of Elementssciencenotes.orgElectron Configuration - Detailed Explanation with Examplesbyjus.comRecommended to you based on what's popular Feedback
Section 6: Electron Configurations PART A – ORBITAL DIAGRAMS & LONGHAND ELECTRON CONFIGURATION Use the patterns within the periodic table to draw orbital diagrams and write longhand electron configurations for the following atoms. Symbol # e - Orbital Diagram and spdf Electron Configuration 1.
Electron Movement and Configuration These energy levels and sublevels can be used to write an electron configuration for each element. An electron configuration is a written way to show the location and number of electrons in an atom.
Beta ( ) decay, a nucleus emits an electron with energy of . a nucleus captures a bound, low lying electron, creating in a neutron and an electron neutrino. Electron capture : p e !n0 e Orbital electron capture (E.C.) is a fundamental nuclear process, on pair with the more familiar Beta d
Mechanism of Electron Transfer Reactio ns - Types; Outer Sphere Electron Transfer Mechanism and Inner Sphere Electron Transfer Mechanism The process of electron transfer from one species to another species leads to the oxidation of the donor and the reduction of the acceptor. The electron donor acts as the reducing agent and called as reductant
7.3b Electron Configurations for Elements in Periods 1–3 7.3c Electron Configurations for Elements in Periods 4–7 7.3d Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table Section Summary Assignment The electron configuration of an element shows how electrons are distributed in orbi
E) No two elements have the same ground-state electron configuration. 28. How many different principal quantum numbers can be found in the ground state electron configuration of ruthenium? A) 2 B) 3 C) 5 D) 4 E) 6 29. The ground state electron configuration of Fe is _
Electron Configuration Electron configuration is a way to indicate where the electrons are located in an atom . available electron orbitals This chart is known as the diagonal method. Electrons start filling in the 1s or
Aliens' Behaviour Connectives Game This game was originally developed in 2006 for Year 5/6 at Dunkirk Primary School in Nottingham. It has also been used at KS3. We have chosen this topic because we hope it will encourage children to produce their own alien names (a useful use of phonically regular nonsense words!), portraits and sentences .
