Programming Essentials (66631)

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Programming Essentials (66631) Some Programming Languages are:––––––––––BASICVisual BASICCC C#JavaPascalSwiftFortranPython etc.

Python-most popular language in theworld.

Python-named from Monty PythonGroup by by Guido van RossumGuido Van RossumMonty Python Group

1.1 State Computer Program and ProgrammingWhat is Program & Programming:Program: In computing, a program is a specific set ofordered operations for a computer to perform atask. Typically, the program is put into a storage areaaccessible to the computer. The computer gets oneinstruction and performs it and then gets the nextinstruction. The storage area or memory can alsocontain the data that the instruction operates on.Programming: the planning, scheduling,performing of a computer programor

1.2 Explain Programming Language and its classification.Programming Language: A programminglanguage is a formal language that specifies aset of instructions that can be used to producevarious kinds of output. Programminglanguages generally consist of instructions fora computer. Programming languages can beused to create programs that implementspecific algorithms.

Classification of Programming Language: Machine Language / Low level Language Assembly Language (MASM, ACK, IBM ALP) High Level Language ( Python, Ada, Algol, BASIC, VB,COBOL, C, C , FORTRAN, Pascal etc)

1.3 State Generation of Programming Languages.

1.4 Describe Translator Program. Translator Program: A translator or programminglanguage processor is a computer program that performs thetranslation of a program written in a given programminglanguage into a functionally equivalent program in anothercomputer language (the target language), without losing thefunctional or logical structure of the original code). such as C,C , Java, Python etc. Classification of Translator Program: Interpreter type Compiler type

1.5 Uses of Computer ProgramsIn the Field of Official Documentation Database Management ICT Education Health Sector Computer Networking Machine Learning system, etc

1.6 Describe Algorithm and Flowchart. Algorithm:a process or set of rules to be followed incalculations or other problem-solvingoperations, especially by a computer.

Algorithm (Simple example)Add two numbers:Step-1: StartStep-2: Input two numbers from Keyboard.Step-3: Add two numbersStep-4: Print resultStep-5: Stop.

1.7 Prepare Algorithm and Flowchart forsimple problems. Flowchart: a graphical representation of a computer program inrelation to its sequence of functions. Flowcharts use simple geometric symbols and arrowsto define relationships.

1.7 Symbols of Flowchart:SymbolNameDescriptionFlow line(Arrowhead)Shows the process's order of operation. A line coming from onesymbol and pointing at another.Terminal (Start &Stop)Indicates the beginning and ending of a program or subprocess.ProcessRepresents a set of operations that changes value, form, orlocation of data.DecisionShows a conditional operation that determines which one ofthe two paths the program will take. The operation is commonlya yes/no question or true/false test.Input / OutputIndicates the process of inputting and outputting data, as inentering data or displaying results.Annotation(Comment)Indicating additional information about a step the program.Represented as an open rectangle with a dashed or solid lineconnecting it to the corresponding symbol in the flowchart.PredefinedProcessShows named process which is defined elsewhere. Representedas a rectangle with double-struck vertical edges.On-pageConnectorPairs of labeled connectors replace long or confusing lines on aflowchart page. Represented by a small circle with a letterinside.Off-pageConnectorA labeled connector for use when the target is on another page.

1.7 Prepare Algorithm and Flowchart for simpleproblems (Example):Algorithm: Add two numbersStep-1: StartStep-2: Input two numbersfrom Keyboard.Step-3: Add two numbersStep-4: Print resultStep-5: Stop.Flowchart: Add two numbersStartInput A&BSum A BPrintSumStop

1.7 Prepare Algorithm and Flowchart for simpleproblems (Example).

1.7 Prepare Algorithm and Flowchart for simpleproblems (Largest number from three).

1.7 Prepare Algorithm and Flowchartfor simple problems (Example-2):

1.8 Explain the Process of Program Planning.Steps of Program Planning: Problem Analysis Input / Output selection Algorithm & Flowchart development Program Coding Program Testing & Debugging Documentation & Maintenance

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1.7 Symbols of Flowchart: Symbol Name Description Flow line (Arrowhead) Shows the process's order of operation. A line coming from one symbol and pointing at another. Terminal (Start & Stop) Indicates the beginning and ending of a program or sub-process. Process Represents a set of operations that changes value, form, or location of data. Decision

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