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Published by the Department of Economic Planning and DevelopmentPrime Minister’s OfficeBandar Seri Begawan Department of Economic Planning and Development,Government of Brunei Darussalam 2010.All rights reserved.First published September 2010ISBN 99917-918-2-5Department of Economic Planning and DevelopmentPrime Minister’s Office, Block 2A, Jalan Ong Sum Ping,Bandar Seri Begawan BA1311, Brunei Darussalam.www.depd.gov.bnUnited Nations Development ProgrammeWisma UN, Block C, Kompleks Pejabat Damansara,Jalan Dungun, Damansara Heights, 50490 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.www.undp.org.myThe contents may be freely reproduced for non-commercial purposes with attribution to the copyright holders.Maps are not authoritative on boundaries.Photos courtesy of the Information Department and other agencies.Designed by Information Department, Prime Minister’s Office, Brunei Darussalam.Cover designed by Adison Marketing Services.Printed by the Government Printing Department, Prime Minister’s Office, Brunei Darussalam.

Since the first report in 2005, extreme poverty has been eradicated in our country and infectiousdiseases have been eliminated. We are moving towards universal primary education, ensuring asustainable natural environment, improving income distribution and strengthening internationalcooperation.In our Long-Term Development Plan, Wawasan Brunei 2035 or the National Vision 2035, weseek to diversify our economy by promoting investment, increasing food self-sufficiency, encouraginggreater opportunities for women, and maintaining high standards of governance in public and privatesectors.This Plan, therefore, will be our guide for the next 25 years. It will require not only effectiveadministrative measures but also a strong participation by the private sector and we are currentlyworking to strengthen this essential component.I wish to record my appreciation to the National Coordination Committee and the United NationsDevelopment Programme for preparing this Report and, once more, express Brunei Darussalam’ssupport for its objectives and our cooperation with all fellow members of the United Nations.Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiahof Brunei DarussalamForewordBrunei Darussalam continues its commitment to achieving the Millennium Development Goalsin support of universally accepted human values, rights to basic education and health, freedom fromhunger and shared responsibility to future generations.

PrefaceCommitments were made by 189 world leaders at the Millennium Summit in New York in 2000 toreduce poverty and promote inclusive and sustainable development by 2015, laying the foundationfor the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) as a roadmap and timetable for realizing this globalaspiration. This year, world leaders will gather again at the United Nations in New York at the UN MDGSummit in the second half of September 2010 to review progress, identify obstacles and gaps, andagree on the concrete strategies and actions needed if the eight MDGs are to be achieved by 2015.At this juncture, Brunei Darussalam continues to be on track to achieve most goals. As reported in itsMDG report in 2005, the country had already shown significant progress on almost all of the MDGs,particularly on those related to health. This 2010 report confirms the achievements of the country,using an updated database.Brunei Darussalam continues to sustain a high per capita income level which has contributed to theabsence of extreme poverty in the country. Inequality in income distribution across households hasalso continued to decline. Brunei Darussalam has also set more ambitious goals by establishing anational target of zero poverty which it plans to achieve through the development and strengtheningof new and consolidated initiatives, including policies on food security which continues to be a concernfor the country. In order to achieve the zero poverty goal, however, several measures will need to beundertaken such as identifying and measuring what constitutes poverty in the country, without which,it will be difficult, if not impossible to ascertain the degree of relative poverty and inequality in thecountry.Brunei Darussalam also continues to make great strides in education for both boys and girls andenrolment and completion rates in primary schools are well over 95.0 per cent. While updated dataindicating whether or not the literacy rate has increased will only be available in 2011 after the nextpopulation census, the literacy rate in 2001 was already 93.7 percent. There is a need to ensure that allrelevant data is regularly updated to enable and ensure the appropriate monitoring of the literacy rateand to assess whether it will be sustained and increased over the years. This is particularly importantgiven that Brunei Darussalam plans to broaden its definition of literacy in a more ambitious manner inorder to enhance the nation’s skills and human resource base, develop a more responsive and diversifiedeconomy and provide employment opportunities for all.Brunei Darussalam has done well in ensuring that women have equal access to education. While thenet enrolment of girls in primary education has reduced slightly over the last five years, it still remainsabove 95.0 per cent and the survival rate (to the last grade of primary school for girls when comparedwith boys) has increased. Net enrolment at secondary and tertiary levels for women is also expectedto show a positive trend when new data is made available after the 2011 population census. Women inthe country also continue to play a significant part in the country’s social and economic development,with women’s employment making important inroads into hitherto male-dominated fields such asengineering, defense and aviation. The employed female labour force has increased by 11.0 percent,with the number of women in the civil service increasing by 13.0 percent between 2004 and 2008.While this provides some indication of the overall improvement in the status of women in BruneiDarussalam, more can be done to collect and generate the kinds of data which are needed to moreaccurately monitor the extent of gender parity between women and men, particularly in labour forceparticipation in the private sector and high level decision-making positions in parliament.Overall, the country’s health indicators continue to remain impressive in all aspects, indicating low ratesof infant, child and maternal mortality and the control of communicable diseases. While the fluctuatingmaternal mortality rates are not a major cause for concern, a challenge going forward will be to ensurethat the current low levels are sustained. The incidence of HIV/AIDS also remains low. However theii

Prefacenumbers have shown an increase in the last five years and the reasons for this need to be investigatedand closely monitored, especially since many new transmissions are no longer through intravenousdrug use but are primarily a result of heterosexual transmission.The government of Brunei Darussalam continues to ensure the country’s environmental sustainability.It has integrated the principles of sustainable development into all of the country’s policies andprogrammes and acceded to regional and international conventions. The forest accounts for 76.0per cent of the country’s land cover and it is noteworthy that the country had completely phasedout Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) consumption by January 2010. The positive effects of these changeshave, nevertheless, been difficult to measure as information on the impact of some of the country’senvironmental policies is fragmented and spread across different government agencies.Brunei Darussalam has also demonstrated that it continues to strengthen its global partnerships fordevelopment by increasing its engagement with international, regional and sub-regional partnersthrough bilateral and multilateral trade agreements and by providing financial and technical support toa number of developing countries.Overall, Brunei Darussalam should be congratulated as it has continued to achieve or make progresstowards the MDG goals and targets and is now ready to set more ambitious goals which go beyondMDG achievement at an aggregate level. Nevertheless, major capacity development challenges remainfor the country, its government and its citizens, including on the capacities which will be required tostrengthen the national data and information base for monitoring the country’s progress in achievingboth the MDGs and the recently formulated 30 year development framework: the Wawasan Brunei2035. This framework seeks to provide guidance to the nation on how it can strengthen and diversifyits human capital base further, increase peoples’ quality of life and develop a dynamic and sustainableeconomy. The vision and efforts of the country’s leadership which has provided this forward lookingdevelopment framework are indeed commendable but their goals will only be achieved if BruneiDarussalam ensures the strengthening of its planning, monitoring and evaluation processes, as well asits policies, institutions and implementation mechanisms and capacities. It will also need to formulateappropriate and effective policy measures which promote more broad based and diversified investmentand economic development opportunities for the country and its people. UNDP stands ready to helpBrunei Darussalam in all these areas.Before concluding, I would like to take this opportunity to thank the Department of Economic Planningand Development in the Prime Minister’s Office, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade and theBrunei Darussalam MDG National Coordination Committee for both their cooperation with UNDP andcontributions to the preparation of this report.Kamal MalhotraResident Representative for Brunei DarussalamUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP)25 August 2010iii

AcknowledgmentsBrunei Darussalam, Millennium Development Goals National Coordination CommitteeAdvisorsDato Paduka Haji Murni bin Haji MohamedPermanent Secretary, Prime Minister’s Office.Haji Mahrub bin Awang Haji MurniDeputy Permanent Secretary, Prime Minister’s Office.ChairmanShahrom bin Haji SuhaimiActing Director General,Department of Economic Planning and Development, Prime Minister’s Office.CommitteeHaji Amer Hamzah bin POKAP Dato Seri Setia Haji Awang ZakariaSenior Administrative Officer, Prime Minister’s Office.Haji Irwan bin Dato Paduka Haji RashidFinance Officer, Ministry of Finance.Florence ChongActing Director, Department of International Organisations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.Hajah Rashidah binti Haji Mohd HanifahHead of Research and Development, Ministry of Religious Affairs.Hajah Asmah binti Haji SamanDirector of Policy and Planning , Ministry of Industry and Primary Resources.Pg Md Yusof bin Pg Haji JeludinHead of RKN Implementation and Corporatisation Unit, Ministry of Communications.Pg Haji Mohiddin bin Pg BadarudinSenior Administrative Officer, Ministry of Home Affairs.Hajah Zahrah binti Dato Paduka Haji HashimActing Director of Policy and Planning, Ministry of Health.Haji Zakaria bin Haji SerudinDirector of Environment, Parks and Recreation, Ministry of Development.Dr. Haji Kassim bin Haji DaudDirector of Planning, Development and Research, Ministry of Education.Datin Hajah Shireen binti Haji MustaphaActing Director Social Services, Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sports.SecretariatAbd Amin bin Haji HashimActing Director of Planning, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Hairol Nizam bin Haji Abd HamidSenior Economic Officer, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Nur Edzalina binti Haji IdrisEconomic Officer, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Dk Norhanidah binti Pg Haji MasshorEconomic Officer, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Hajah Hamidah binti Haji YahyaActing Assistant Economic Officer, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Editorial TeamP. A. Mansurah Izzul BolkiahResearch Officer, Department of International Organisations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.Haji Mohd Yusra bin Haji Mohd. SallehDeputy Director, Department of International Organisations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.Dk Rooslina Weti binti Pg Haji KamaludinActing Deputy Director, Department of International Organisations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.Hajah Amimah binti OKSW Haji AbdullahAssistant Director of Planning, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Dk Hajah Siti Nirmala binti Pg Haji MohammadAssistant Director of Planning, Department of Economic Planning and Development.iv

AcknowledgmentsHajah Mariah binti Haji YahyaAssistant Director of Statistics, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Noor Ashikin binti POKSSP DP Haji Mohd TahirActing Assistant Director of Human Resource Development, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Normah binti Haji AliSenior Economic Officer, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Hajah Zureidah binti Haji AbitSenior Economic Officer, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Mohd Munawir Shazali bin Haji Md IdrisEconomic Officer, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Hajah Rina binti Haji GhaniEconomic Officer, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Siti Maisarah binti Haji MajidEconomic Officer, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Daisy Han Yee HweEconomic Officer, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Mohd Edwin Khalid bin Haji Mohd SallehStatistical Officer, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Norizan binti AbdullahStatistical Officer, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Dk Yusdinah binti Pg Haji AmjahSenior Inspector of Weights and Measures, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Norhasnizan binti Haji Abdul RazakAssistant Economic Officer, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Hajah Norfatiniwati binti Haji MuhammadAssistant Economic Officer, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Nadiah binti Dato Paduka Haji MuslimTranslator, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Haji Farhan bin POKPM Dato Paduka Haji Abdul GhaniResearch Officer, Department of International Organisations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.Dk Seri Hasreena binti Pg Haji HashimSecond Secretary, Department of International Organisations, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade.Publishing TeamDr Haji Muhammad Hadi bin Muhammad MelayongDirector of Information, Department of Information, Prime Minister’s Office.Pg Haji Zainal Abidin bin Pg Seri Wijaya Pg Dato Paduka Haji AhmadActing Director of Printing, Department of Printing, Prime Minister’s Office.Hajah Adina Hazri binti Haji AzahariProject Officer, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Mohammad Zulfadhli bin Haji HussinProject Officer, Department of Economic Planning and Development.Lai Yea LiangAssistant Economic Officer, Department of Economic Planning and Development.United Nations Development Programmes (UNDP)Kamal MalhotraResident Representative for Brunei Darussalam, UNDP Malaysia.James ChackoAssistant Resident Representative, UNDP Malaysia.Anita AhmadProgramme Manager, UNDP, Malaysia.ConsultantDr M.H. SuryanarayanaProfessor, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.*Thanks and appreciation are also due to many other individuals in various ministries and agenciesin Brunei Darussalam for their helpful inputs to this publication.v

ContentsviForeword .iPreface .iiAcknowledgements .ivTables .viiMaps.viiFigures .viiBoxes .viiiAbbreviations .viiiIntroduction .1Brunei Darussalam: National Profile .2Development Goals and Strategies .3Population Trends .5Macroeconomic Performance .11MDG 1 Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger .19MDG 2 Achieve Universal Primary Education .32MDG 3 Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women .40MDG 4 Reduce Child Mortality .50MDG 5 Improve Maternal Health .56MDG 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases .64MDG 7 Ensure Environmental Sustainability .72MDG 8 Develop a Global Partnership for Development .84Challenges .93References .95Millennium Development Goals: Targets and Indicators.96

TablesTable 1: Employee profile across industries in the private sector by residential status: 2008Table 2: Average annual growth rate of GDP by expenditureTable 3: Structure of production by industry, 1986 – 2009 (% of nominal GDP)Table 4: Structure of external trade, 1990 – 2009 (% share)Table 5: Number of malaria casesMapsMap 1: Brunei DarussalamMap 2: Forest coverage of Brunei DarussalamFiguresFigure 1:Figure 2:Figure 3:Figure 4:Figure 5:Figure 6:Figure 7:Figure 8:Figure 9:Figure 10:Figure 11:Figure 12:Figure 13:Figure 14:Figure 15:Figure 16:Figure 17:Figure 18:Figure 19A:Figure 19B:Figure 20:Figure 21:Figure 22:Figure 23:Figure 24:Figure 25:Figure 26:Figure 27:Figure 28:Figure 29:Figure 30:Figure 31:Figure 32:Figure 33:Figure 34:Figure 35:Figure 36:Figure 37:Figure 38:Figure 39:Figure 40:Figure 41:Figure 42:Figure 43:Figure 44:Figure 45:Figure 46:Figure 47:Figure 48:Figure 49:Figure 50:Figure 51:Figure 52:Figure 53:Population structure by residential statusPopulation growth rate by residential statusPopulation structure by community group (2009)Population by age groupPopulation by age group and genderPopulation by age group, gender and residential statusTotal employment in Brunei DarussalamEmployment in the private sectorOccupational profile of the private sector employees (2008)Real GDP growthBrunei Darussalam’s sectoral contribution to nominal GDP and average crude oil pricesNominal GDP per capitaTrade balanceProduction structure of the economyBrunei Darussalam’s change in Consumer Price IndexExternal tradeSelected export marketsSelected import marketsHousehold expenditure profiles across sectors (2005)Household expenditure profiles across sectors (2005)Housing, transport & food across select expenditure classes (2005)Changes in selected CPI, 2004 - 2009Declining household income inequalityWelfare and zakat beneficiariesNet enrolment rate in primary educationSurvival rate up to Grade Five by genderPrimary education completion rateLiteracy rate: Aged nine and aboveLiteracy rate: Gender dimensionLiteracy rateGender parity indexFemale workforce in the private sector (2008)Government employees by gender and d

Darussalam, more can be done to collect and generate the kinds of data which are needed to more accurately monitor the extent of gender parity between women and men, particularly in labour force participation in the private sector and high level decision-making positions in parliament.

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