Traffic Criteria Manual - Colorado Springs
SECTION IIITraffic CriteriaManualENGINEERING CRITERIA MANUAL
ENGINEERING CRITERIA MANUALTable of ContentsSection 1.0Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Section 2.0Traffic Control Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Section 3.0Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83.13.2State Highways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8City Streets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Section 4.0Sight Distance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.14.24.34.44.5Approach Speed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Horizontal Sight Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Vertical Sight Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Intersection Sight Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Residential Driveway Sight Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Section 5.0Intersection Spacing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Section 6.0Access Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126.16.26.3Access Grades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Access Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Internal Circulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Section 7.0Medians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Section 8.0Channelization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158.18.2Turn Channel Approaches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Turn Lane Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Section 9.0Grade at Intersections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Section 10.0Angle of Intersection, Minimum Intersection Curb Radii. . . . . . . . . . . 21Section 11.0Installation of Curbs, Mid-block Walkways, Pedestrian Ramps, and Guardrails. 2211.111.211.311.4Types of Curb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Mid-Block Walkways . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Pedestrian Ramps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Guardrails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Section 12.0Cul-De-Sac Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Section 13.0Private Streets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Section 14.0Street Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2514.114.214.314.414.5Approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Duplication of Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Continuity of Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Small Cul-de-sacs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Street Name Designations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25Section 15.0Roadway Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2615.1Standards for Freeways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26Page II
ENGINEERING CRITERIA MANUAL15.215.315.415.515.615.715.815.9Standards for Expressways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Standards for Principal Arterial Streets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28Standards for Minor Arterial Streets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Standards for Collector Streets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Standards for Residential Streets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Standards for Minor Residential Streets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Standards for Industrial Streets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Standards for Alleys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37Section 16.0Table of Traffic Engineering Design Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Section 17.0Transit Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Section 18.0Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43Section 19.0References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Appendix A. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Section Traffic Impact Study Guidelines for Development Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45Appendix B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Section Standard Utility Locations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53Appendix C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Section Roundabout Design Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Section 1.0Introduction to Roundabout Design Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54Section 2.0General Design Criteria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552.12.22.32.42.52.62.72.8Appropriate Roadways / Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Approach and Circulatory Speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55Design Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Pedestrian/Bicycles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Design Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57Utilities & Drainage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Landscaping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Section 3.0Specific/ Geometric Design Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 603.13.23.33.43.53.63.7Approach Roadway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Circulating Roadway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Sight Distance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Splitter Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Central Island . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Signing and Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63Landscaping Design Elements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Section 4.0Definitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Page III
ENGINEERING CRITERIA MANUALFiguresFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5Figure 6Figure 7Figure 8Figure 9Figure 10Figure 11Figure 12Figure 13Figure 14Figure 15Figure 16Figure 17Figure 18Figure 19Figure 20Figure 21Page IVSight Distance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Low Density Residential Driveways. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Multi Family Residential Driveways and Commercial Accesses . . . . . . . . . 11Right-In, Right-out, Left-in Median Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Median Design to Restrict Exiting Left Turns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Median Openings for Intersections and Median Island Ends . . . . . . . . . . 14Guide to Basic Exclusive Turn Lane Elements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Design Elements for Left and Right Turn Lanes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17Cul-De-Sac Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23Cross Sections for Principal Arterial Street (Type I) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29Type II (6-Lane, 142’ Right-of-Way) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Minor Arterial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31Collector (With Parking). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Collector (Without Parking) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Residential (Local) Streets (Detached Sidewalk). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Residential (Local) Streets (Attached Sidewalk) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34Minor Residential (Local) Streets (Detached Sidewalk) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35Minor Residential (Local) Streets (Attached Sidewalk) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Industrial Streets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36Residential Alleys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Commercial Alleys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
ENGINEERING CRITERIA MANUALTablesTable 1Sight Distance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Table 2Summary of Exclusive Turn Lane Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15Table 3Required Deceleration Lane and Taper Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Table 4Deceleration Lane Grade Adjustment Factors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Table 5Design Criteria for Acceleration Lanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Table 6Grade Adjustment Factors for Acceleration Lanes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19Table 7Redirect Tapers for Through Lanes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Table 8Required Storage Lengths for Stop-Controlled Intersections . . . . . . . . . . 20Table 9Minimum Intersection Curb Radii. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21Table 10Traffic Engineering Design Standards(Freeways, Expressways and Arterials) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39Table 11Traffic Engineering Design Standards(Collector, Residential [Local], Public Alley,Industrial, and Commercial Frontage). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40Page V
ENGINEERING CRITERIA MANUAL1.0IntroductionThis manual provides recommended standards for traffic related design issues. They are intendedto supplement the Engineering Criteria Manual of the City of Colorado Springs and are aimedat ensuring consistent engineering design practices and providing an adequate corridor forthe placement of public street infrastructure within the city limits. City Engineering will adhereto these policies as closely as possible when reviewing roadway design proposals whetherit is for new development or for a City funded project. The City Engineer and his authorizedrepresentatives may grant variances from any of these policies when there are practicaldifficulties that prevent the application of a policy and if the granting of such variance will not bedetrimental to the public safety. Flexibility will be used in the City’s interpretation and applicationof these requirements when suitable justification is provided for alternative design solutions.Alternative design standards may apply for projects that involve Traditional NeighborhoodDesign, Mixed Use Development, Small Lot PUD Development, Traffic Calming Design, andHillside Design. The appropriate City manuals for projects involving these designs should beconsulted. When the term speed is used in this manual it refers to the posted speed of the street.Design speed is typically 5 mph above the posted speed.Traffic Impact Studies (See Appendix A) and design plans for streets in new developments andredevelopment projects must be submitted to the Engineering Development Review Divisionof City Engineering. Traffic Studies and plans for City funded projects must be submitted toCity Engineering’s Roadway Team. Some traffic studies are commissioned by the transportationsection of Economic Development’s Comprehensive Planning group and should be submitteddirectly to them.The figures provided in this manual are illustrative only. They are not to scale and are not intendedto be used for/as engineering design. For simplicity, some design elements such as sidewalks orbicycle lanes have been left off certain figures.Page 6Traffic Criteria Manual
ENGINEERING CRITERIA MANUAL2.0Traffic Control DevicesThe type and location of traffic control devices used on city streets must be approved by CityEngineering. Traffic signals should be used where necessary, but alternate traffic control such asstop signs or roundabouts will be considered first.When it can be shown that a particular zoning action, master plan, or development plan impactsthe street system to a point that a traffic signal is warranted according to Manual on UniformTraffic Control Devices (MUTCD) and approved by City Engineering, the developer shall beresponsible for all or a portion of the signal installation. For more information about a developer’sresponsibility for traffic signal participation and financial assurances please reference Section 10.5of the Subdivision Policy Manual.Page 7Traffic Criteria Manual
ENGINEERING CRITERIA MANUAL3.03.1Access ControlState HighwaysAccess onto State Highways in the City will be subject to stipulations contained in theState of Colorado, State Highway Access Code. All accesses to and from State Highways willrequire a permit which must be obtained from and approved by the Colorado Department ofTransportation (CDOT). All accesses from new developments onto State Highways require CityEngineering review.3.2City StreetsThe design, number, and location of access drives shall be approved by City Engineering. Thenumber of access drives shall be a balance to allow for efficient traffic flow while providingadequate access to private property. City Engineering realizes that the adequacy of access pointsis a critical issue in t
4.4 Intersection Sight Distance The minimum sight distance at all public and private street intersections or accesses, and driveways to collector streets or greater shall follow the guidelines below. At no time shall the minimum sight distance be less than the AASHTO stopping sight distance. Table 1 Sight Distance Speed of Thru Roadway (MPH)
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