Emergency Lighting Design Guide - Eaton Electric
Lighting Design GuideEmergency LightingLighting Design GuideEmergency LightingEmergency LightingDesign Guide00
00Doncaster Civicand CulturalLightingDesign QuarterGuideDoncasterEmergency Lighting2LIGHTING DESIGN GUIDEwww.eaton.eu
0Lighting Design GuideContents1. Emergency Lighting Regulations41. Carry Out Risk Assessment42. Know What You Are Buying43. Look For Third-Party Certification44. Consider The Long-Term Costs55. Location, Location, Location66. Pay Attention To The Exit67. Think About Maintenance and Servicing68. Don’t Ignore The Signs72. The Fire Safety Order 200593. Health and Safety Regulations10Other Regulations104. Emergency Lighting System DesignDesign Objective11115. Stages of Emergency Lighting Design12Stage 1 - Mandatory Points of Emphasis12Stage 2 - Exit Sign Formats14Stage 3 - Essential Luminaire Areas16Stage 4 - Escape Route Lighting18Stage 5 - Open (Anti-Panic) Core Areas21Stage 6 - High Risk Area21Stage 7 - Control226. Automatic Test Systems24CGLine / Intellem247. Example of System Design268. Wiring Installation289. Spacing Tables30LIGHTING DESIGN GUIDEwww.eaton.eu3
1Lighting Design Guide8 Steps to ComplianceEight ways to ensure compliance with emergency lighting regulationsEmergency lighting can be a lifeline for people trying to find their way out of a building ifmain lighting fails, and this is particularly important in the event of a fire. To ensure thatemergency lighting is fit for purpose, the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005,which brings all aspects of fire safety under one roof, recommends that the emergencylighting used is covered by the BSI Kitemark scheme. So how can you be sure youremergency lighting is compliant?1.Carry out a risk assessmentIf you have five or more employees,you are required by law, under theRegulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order,to carry out a fire safety risk assessmentand must keep a written record of theassessment. This legislation exists toensure that the correct emergency lightingis installed to cover any identifiable risksand that it will correctly operate in theevent of a failure of the main lightingsupply. BS5266 is the code of practicefor the emergency lighting of premises,which provides information on the correctemergency lighting for the safety of people.Additionally, the BS5266 code, along withthe BSEN1838 code, provides specifierswith information regarding areas that needemergency lighting such as: the minimumlevels of illumination, duration, maximumbrightness to prevent glare, and any pointsof emphasis which require particularconsideration. Failure to comply with thesestipulations not only puts lives at risk andraises the possibility of prosecution, but canalso invalidate insurance policies.4LIGHTING DESIGN GUIDEwww.eaton.eu2.Know what you are buyingGiven that emergency lighting willnever be used on an everyday basis, it canbe tempting to opt for cheaper luminaires.These are often supplied from distantsources and will pass through numerousintermediaries before installation. Thiscan lead to confusion over the precisespecifications and the claims made bymanufacturers and sellers, which may notbe independently verified. Buying cheaplymay also turn out to be a false economysince lower-quality components canshorten the lifespan of batteries and lamps;they may also have inferior optics, resultingin an increased number of fittings beingrequired to meet the minimum emergencylighting levels. As this is a life safetyproduct you do need to consider whethera cheaper option might be more vulnerableto failure.3.Look for third-party certificationThe most reliable way to ensureyour emergency lighting is fit for purposeis to buy products approved by thirdparty certification schemes such as BSIKitemarking and the Industry Committeefor Emergency Lighting (ICEL) registration.The BSI governs the implementation ofstrict European standards on the designand manufacture of emergency luminairesunder regulations including EN60598-1 andEN60598-2-22.
1Lighting Design Guide8 Steps to ComplianceMeanwhile, the manufacturers’ tradeorganisation ICEL provides a productauditing and approval process. If ICELapproved luminaires are installed atthe correct location, according to therecommendations of BS5266, using verifiedspacing data, the emergency lightingsystem will meet the minimum emergencylighting levels for the safety of people.However, this may need enhancementif specific risks are identified during therisk assessment. Upon meeting theseconditions, the installation would then beconsidered sufficiently safe to protect usersof the building and reduce the likelihood ofany legal action relating to non-compliancewith the Regulatory Reform Order.4.Consider the long-term costsBuying high-quality and industryapproved emergency lighting may initiallyseem more costly, but consider thebigger picture. For example, good qualityproducts may have a higher output andbetter spacing performance meaning fewerunits are needed to achieve the requiredlevel of illumination, which may not onlyreduce the outlay on products but also theinstallation cost. It is also worth bearing inmind the total cost of ownership (TCO) aslong-term energy costs may be reduced.Additionally, it’s worth considering LEDbased emergency luminaires. They useless power, therefore reduce running costsand require less maintenance. LED-basedemergency luminaires have a working lifeoften greater than 50,000 hours, which isup to 10 times longer than a conventionalfluorescent lamp. Furthermore, the latestgeneration incorporate optic lenses todirect light into a specific pattern. Thisensures the light is correctly distributedto maximise the coverage for emergencylighting from the luminaire, which maybe needed to cover a larger open areaor a specific distribution to maximise thespacing along an escape route.LIGHTING DESIGN GUIDEwww.eaton.eu5
1Lighting Design Guide8 Steps to Compliance5.Location, location, locationThe positioning of emergency lightingis crucial. Some of the key locations whereemergency luminaires should be installedare: along escape routes, at every changein direction, adjacent to any step or triphazard, over every flight of stairs so thateach tread receives direct light, close tofirefighting equipment, call points and firstaid points, outside every final exit to a placeof safety or any other location identified bythe risk assessment.Under the regulations, a minimumluminance of 1 lux is required on the centreline of an escape route with a uniformityof at least 40:1. In open areas however, aminimum of 0.5 lux is required. To achievethese minimum levels, refer to the spacingtables that should be provided by yourchosen manufacturer.6LIGHTING DESIGN GUIDEwww.eaton.euHigher levels of luminance will also berequired for areas identified as having ahigher risk. Examples of these areas aredescribed within the BS5266 guidance,along with the recommended higher luxlevel values.6.Pay attention to the exitWhat if a failure of supply occurs inthe hours of darkness? Regulation BS52661:2011 requires that external lightingmust be provided to guide evacuees fromthe point where they exit a building to aplace of safety. This means that manyapplications will need a weatherproofluminaire operating in maintained orswitched maintained mode, controlledby daylight sensors. LED luminairescan be used for this purpose to reducemaintenance and running costs.7.Think about maintenance andservicingMinimum routine testing schedules areone of the requirements of the regulationsand standards. The time this takes canbecome a significant demand on facilitiesmanagers and maintenance teams. Oneway to avoid the ongoing costs associatedwith maintenance, servicing, repairsand replacements is to specify qualityemergency luminaires in the first place.Another tip is to consider self-testingsystems, which reduce the expense,time demands and disruption associatedwith manual testing regimes uponindividual luminaires. With automatic testsystems, results from an entire networkare collected and fed back to a centralpoint where the exact location of the faultcan be pinpointed. The system will alsoidentify the cause of the fault which mightbe a failed lamp or module, so that thenecessary spare part can be selected andtaken to the location to speed up the repairprocess.
1Lighting Design Guide8 Steps to Compliance8.Don’t ignore the signsIn addition to the emergency lighting,it’s important to consider signage at theearliest stage. The obligation is to ensurethat escape routes are clearly defined andidentified with the correct exit signage.When selecting a product, be aware thatthe viewing distance for an internallyilluminated exit sign is calculated bymultiplying the height of the illuminatedelement by a factor of 200. This informationwill normally be available from reputablemanufacturers. For externally illuminatedsigns, the multiplication factor is only 100,but it must have at least 5 lux at any pointof the sign in emergency conditions.An alternative option is thephotoluminescent exit sign. However,it is important to remember that theserely on ambient light to charge theirphotoluminescent membrane. Additionally,EN1838 states that under emergencylighting conditions the sign shall besufficiently illuminated to be visible. Thesafety colour must remain green and thecontrast colour must remain white withinthe colour boundaries specified inISO3864-4. This usually means that generallighting must be permanently switched onin order for the exit light to self-illuminate inthe event of a power failure.Main points are: That the law now covers all premisesthat have employees or are visited bymembers of the public. (Previously, firecertificates did not cover small premises). Emergency lighting should be upgradedto meet the current standards. (Previouslypremises did not have to be upgradedwhen standards improved, now thoseengineered to previous issues need to bebrought up to date).The building regulations detail the designand construction characteristics of abuilding. Approved documents details thefire safety requirements for new buildingsand the major refurbishment of existingpremises. These documents shows thelocations that must be provided withemergency lighting. This list should beused as a starting point and BS5266-1:2011should be referred to as the main source ofinformation. This provides information forareas requiring emergency lighting but alsobest practice for the lighting of a selectionof high risk tasks. It also clarifies thatemergency lighting is needed for all partsof schools that either do not have naturallight or are used outside normal schoolhours. The regulations require that systemscomply with BS 5266-1:2011 the code ofpractice for emergency lighting.LIGHTING DESIGN GUIDEwww.eaton.eu7
00Huddersfield LightingLeisure CentreDesign GuideHuddersfield The Fire Safety Order 20058LIGHTING DESIGN GUIDEwww.eaton.eu
2Lighting Design GuideThe Fire Safety Order 2005The Fire Safety Order 2005The Government has produced 11 guidesfor individual applications to help employersto conduct their assessments and givesguidance on the safety equipmentrequired.The guides make it clear that occupantshave to be protected from risks in theevent of the normal supply failing. To assistusers they advise that: Emergency lighting is likely to be requiredwhere any escape routes are internaland without windows or if the premisesare used during darkness (including earlydarkness in winter). The assessment should cover thelocation of employees and any visitors(including information on those personswith disabilities) to the site to assistin determining the areas requiringemergency lighting. The guidance gives detailed requirementsfor the suitability of escape routes andcalls for the installation of emergencylighting to be in accordance withBS 5266-1. Continued maintenance and testing mustbe correctly carried out to comply withthe directive. One way of ensuring the competenceof your provider would be registration ofa reputable scheme such as the BAFE(British Approvals for Fire Equipment)SP203-4 scheme. The equipment used must be capableof being demonstrated as of adequatequality. Compliance with the appropriateBritish Standard, or other approved thirdparty scheme, gives evidence of this. Thestandard for luminaires isBS EN 60598-2-22. ICEL 1001 registrationendorses the spacing data of theseluminaires. The standard for centralbattery systems is BS EN 50171.Note: When the premises are beingassessed for risk, shortcomings inother areas of fire protection can becompensated for by improved levels ofemergency lighting and fire alarms. The risk assessment should identify anyareas that require additional emergencylighting provision. BS5266-1:2011 listsexamples of these areas detailing therequired levels, duration, and the planeto be illuminated, as examples, a schoolchemical laboratory which may be smallerthan 60m2 but still need emergencylighting, as combustible materials andsources of ignition would be present, orcommercial kitchens. It recommends that advice on theinstallation should be given by acompetent person who specialises inemergency lighting systems.LIGHTING DESIGN GUIDEwww.eaton.eu9
3Lighting Design GuideHealth and Safety RegulationsThe Health and Safety (Safety Signs andSignals) Regulations 1996These regulations bring into force the ECSafety Signs Directive (92/58/EEC) on theprovision and use of safety signs at work.From 2012 the new ISO 7010 Pictogramsigns will also be legal but should not bemixed with other formats on an installation.These regulations apply to all safety signsincluding those which provide directionalsignage for escape routes.Other RegulationsIn addition to fire safety legislation, someworkplaces require a licence from the LocalAuthority, including theatres and cinemas,sport stadiums and premises for publicentertainment, music, dancing, gamblingand the sale of alcohol. Other premisesmust be registered with the Local Authorityand be inspected by the Fire Authority,including nursing homes, children’s homes,residential care homes and independentschools. Both licensed and registeredpremises have to pass a fire inspection toconfirm that they have systems complyingwith BS 5266-1 for the emergency lightingand BS 5839 for fire equipment. Records ofa system are now essential to maintain thevalidity of approvals and licences.10LIGHTING DESIGN GUIDEwww.eaton.eu1 and 2 New LudgateLondon
4Lighting Design GuideSystem DesignEmergency Lighting - System DesignThis section provides guidance on systemdesign to meet BS 5266 Parts 1 andEN1838 and so achieve compliance withlegislation.Design ObjectiveBS 5266-1:2011 gives recommendationsand guidance on the factors that needto be considered in the design of, andthe installation and wiring of, electricalemergency escape lighting systems. Thisprovides the lighting performance neededfor safe movement of people in the eventof the supply to normal lighting failing. Italso gives recommendations for lighting inareas with fixed seating. From this it can beseen that you should ensure the followingprovisions are fulfilled.a) Indicate clearly and unambiguously theescape routes.b) Provide illumination along such routesto allow safe movement towards andthrough the exits provided.c) Ensure that fire alarm call points andfire fighting equipment, provided alongescape routes can be readily located.BS 5266-1 recommends that discussionsshould be held prior to commencingthe design, to establish the areas to becovered, the method of operation, thetesting regime and the most suitable typeof system. These discussions shouldinclude the owner or occupier of thepremises, the system designer, the installerand the supplier of the equipment.At this stage the provision of plans shouldbe made available to identify:a) escape routesb) open areasc) high risk task areasd) safety equipment, including fire safetyequipment, safety signs and any otheraspects identified by risk assessmente) details of normal lighting and its controlsystemNote: BS 5266 was revised in 2011. Forup to date information visit our websiteat www.eaton.eu. Alternatively visit theBritish Standards Institute website, atwww.bsi-global.comd) To ensure that any area requiring specialconsideration as identified by the riskassessment have the necessary level ofemergency illumination.e) To permit operations concerned withsafety measures.LIGHTING DESIGN GUIDEwww.eaton.eu11
5Lighting Design GuideStages of Emergency LightingStage 1Locate luminaires at mandatory “Points of Emphasis”Initial design is conducted by situating luminaires to reveal specific hazards and highlightsafety equipment and signs, care should be taken to ensure the correct illumination level isachieved, in addition to providing illumination to assist safe travel along the escape route.This should be performed regardless of whether it is an emergency escape route or anopen (anti-panic) area. Only when this is accomplished should the type of luminaire or itslight output be considered. BS EN 1838: 2013 requires that the luminaires sited at pointsof emphasis must comply with BS EN 60 598-2-22.Specific locations where a luminaire must be provided are:At each exit doorAll safety exit signsOutside the final exits and to a placeof safetyNear stairs so that each treadreceives direct lightAt each change of directionNear each first aid postNear any other change of floor levelAt each intersection of corridorsNear each piece of fire fightingequipment and call point12LIGHTING DESIGN GUIDEwww.eaton.eu
00and 2 New LudgateLighting Design1 GuideEmergency LightingLIGHTING DESIGN GUIDELondonwww.eaton.eu13
5Lighting Design GuideStages of Emergency LightingStage 2Ensure the exit signs are of correct format and sizeSection 4.1 of BS EN 1838: 2013 states that “Signs which are provided at all exitsintended to be used in an emergency and along escape routes shall be illuminated toindicate unambiguously the route of escape to a point of safety”. Where direct sight of anemergency exit is not possible, an illuminated directional sign (or series of signs) shall beprovided to assist progression towards the emergency exit.Sign formats should not be mixedBS 2560: 197Old-style signs now obsolete. Should havebeen replaced by December 1998.BS 5499 Pt 1Signs are still acceptable, if they are alreadyin the building.European Signs Directive FormatThis came into force on 1st April 1996,under The Signs Directive.ISO 7010In 2011, it was decided by many of theNational Standards bodies to consideradoption of a single pictogram format asdetailed in ISO 7010. This format wasadopted by BSI in the latest edition ofBS5266-1: 2011 which is considered to bethe ‘de-facto’ emergency lighting standardin the UK - BS 5499 has also adopted thisformat.BS5499 has been recently updated andnow follows the ISO format and allows theaddition of text to the sign.14LIGHTING DESIGN GUIDEwww.eaton.eu
5Lighting Design GuideStages of Emergency LightingMaximum Viewing DistancesFor all formats of safety signs, the maximum viewing distances and luminance conditionsare given in EN 1838: 2013. Signs can be either internally illuminated, such as exit boxesor edge lit emergency luminaires with a screened sign that have a controlled illuminance,or painted signs. These include photoluminescent signs, but to be acceptable they musthave an external light illuminating them in normal condition to 100 lux and 5 lux on any partof the face under mains failure condition.Maximum viewing distances are:Internally illuminated signs - 200 x the panelheightExternally illuminated signs - 100 x the panelheightIllumination RequirementsThe sign must conform to the colours of ISO 3864, which defines that exit and first aidsigns must be white with green as the contrast colour. The ratio of luminance of the whitecolour to the green colour must be between 5:1 and 15:1. The minimum luminance of any10mm patch area on the sign must be greater than 2cd/m2 and the ratio of maximum tominimum
4. Emergency Lighting System Design 11 Design Objective 11 5. Stages of Emergency Lighting Design 12 Stage 1 - Mandatory Points of Emphasis 12 Stage 2 - Exit Sign Formats 14 Stage 3 - Essential Luminaire Areas 16 Stage 4 - Escape Route Lighting 18 Stage 5 - Open (Anti-Panic) Core Areas 21 Stage 6 - High Risk Area 21 Stage 7 - Control 22 6.
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LIGHTING ( DEFINED ) OPEN AREA (ANTI-PANIC) LIGHTING ( UNDEFINED ) HIGH RISK TASK LIGHTING Emergency lighting standards tree. Escape route lighting. 1.Escape Route Lighting The emergency lighting on a route forming part of the means of escape from a point in a building to final exit. 2.Open Area (Anti-panic) Lighting The part of emergency .
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AC lighting load will be connected to this system, which will be normally 'ON'. The lighting panels of the system will be connected to the Emergency lighting distribution board (ELDB), which is fed from diesel generator during the emergency. 50% of lighting fixture shall be connected on AC emergency lighting. c) D.C. Emergency lighting
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lighting. With Philips Bodine, market leader in emergency lighting in the US, we have more than 60 years' experience in emergency lighting. Philips emergency lighting's products are solidly engineered so that, in the event of an emergency situation requiring building evacuation, emergency lighting guides occupants along a well lit exit route.
Lighting Design Software 16 Building Regulations 18. . Mains Lighting Lighting Design Designing a basic lighting scheme requires the consideration of many factors, not just the achievement of a desired lighting level. Basic objectives must first be established, . There is a wide range of lighting application
