NCE CLASS-XII BIOLOGY CHAPTER-5 PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE .

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NCERT SOLUTIONSCLASS-XII BIOLOGYCHAPTER-5PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATIONQl: Mention the advantages of selecting pea plant for experiment by Mendel.Answer: Mendel selected pea plants to carry out his study on the inheritance of charactersfrom parents to offspring.He selected a pea plant because of the following features.(a)Peas have many visible contrasting characters such as tall/dwarf plants,round/wrinkled seeds, green/yellow pod, purple/white flowers, etc.(b)Peas have bisexual flowers and therefore undergo self pollination easily.Thus, pea plants produce offsprings with same traits generation after generation.(c)In pea plants, cross pollination can be easily achieved by emasculationin which the stamen of the flower is removed without affecting the pistil.(d)Pea plants have a short life span and produce many seeds in one generation.Q2: Differentiate between the following (a)Dominance and Recessive(b)Homozygous and Heterozygous(c)Monohybrid and Dihybrid.NCERT Solutions Class 12 Biology Principles of Inheritance and VariationAnswer:a) Dominance and RecessiveDominanceRecessive1. A dominant factor or allele expresses itself in the A recessive trait is able to express itself only inthe absence of a dominant trait.presence or absence of a recessive trait.2. For example, tall plant, round seed, violet flower, For example, dwarf plant, wrinkled seed, whiteetc. are dominant characters in a pea plant.flower, etc. are recessive traits in a pea plant.b) Homozygous and HeterozygousHomozygousHeterozygousI. It contains two similar alleles for a pruticular trait.It contains two different alleles for apa11icular trait.2. Geuorype for homozygous possess either dominam or Genotype for heterozygous possess bothrecessive. but uever both the alleles. For example. RR domiuam aud recessive alleles. For example.or nRr3. It produces only one type of gamete.It produces two different kinds of gametes.c) Monohybrid and Dihybrid.lMonohybrldDlhybrldI. Monohyb1id involves cross between parents. Dihybrid involves cross between parents. whichwhich differs in only one pair of contrasting differs in two pairs of contrasting characters.characters.2. For example. the cross between tall anddwarf pea plant is a monohybrid cross.For example. the cross between pea plams havingyellow wrinkled seed with those having green roundseeds is a dihybrid cross.Q3: A diploid organism is heterozygous for 4 loci, how many types of gametescan be produced?Answer: Locus is a fixed position on a chromosome, which is occupied by a singleor more genes. Heterozygous organisms contain different alleles for an allelicpair. Hence, a diploid organism, which is heterozygous at four loci, will have fourdifferent contrasting characters at four different loci.For example, if an organism is heterozygous at four loci withfour characters, say Aa, Bb, Cc, Dd, then during meiosis, it willsegregate to form 8 separate gametes.p

NCERT Solutions Class 12 Biology Principles of Inheritance and Variation Ql: Mention the advantages of selecting pea plant for experiment by Mendel. Answer: Mendel selected pea plants to carry out his study on the inheritance of characters from parents to offspring. He selected a pea plant because of the following features.

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