The Industrial Revolution
The IndustrialRevolutionReformersStarts in GreatBritain Domestic Systemto Factory system AgriculturalRevolution Adam SmithRobert OwenJeremy Bentham &John Stuart MillKarl MarxChanges Urbanization Laissez-faire/ Capitalism Mass Production New Social ClassesName:Mrs. Hedges/ Mr. Marcussen 20151
Homework CalendarOctober 2015How to use this calendar This calendar gives you the homework assignment for each week. Thecalendar gives the assignment for each night. The assignment is due the nextday! Remember no homework will be accepted late!MondayTuesday12No SchoolColumbus Day19Homework:UtilitarianismPages 24-25Wednesday1314Homework:Homework:The Industrial Social ImpactRevolutionof thepages 8-10IndustrialRevolutionPages 14-1720Homework:DocumentsPages 28-31Study 5162223Homework:EconomicsPages 20-21CastleLearning21Homework:BodyParagraphsPages 32-33Homework:MultipleChoicePages 34-37Quiz DayCastleLearning282930Industrial Revolution1. Industrial Revolution (Ch 19 Sec1)a. Causes & importance of steam engineb. Effects (Problems social, political, economic) (Ch20 Sec1)c. Reform Movement (Laissez Faire Capitalism vs. Communism)2
Unit Terms Please note that all terms within this packet are subject to testing.Unit Must Know Terms .define the following words as you work your way through the packet.These words are identified as key terms for the unit.TermDefinitionPacket pageIndustrial Revolution3
Bell Ringer for October 13, 2015The Industrial Revolution refers to the greatly increased output of machine- made goods that began inEngland in the middle 1700s. There are several reasons why the Industrial Revolution began inEngland. In addition to political stability and a large population of workers, England had the extensivenatural resources required for industrialization - the process of developing machine production ofgoods. These natural resources included 1) water power and coal to fuel the new machines; 2) iron oreto construct machines, tools, and buildings; 3) rivers for inland transportation; and 4) harbors fromwhich merchant ships set sail. Britain's highly developed banking system also contributed toindustrialization by providing bank loans that allowed people to invest in new machinery and expandtheir operations. Growing overseas trade, economic prosperity, and a climate of progress led to theincreased demand for goods. Other countries had some of these advantages. But Britain had all thefactors of production - the land, labor, and capital (or wealth) needed to produce goods and servicesthat the Industrial Revolution required. It did not take long, however, for the Industrial Revolution tospread to Continental Europe and North America.Summary Box1.2.3.4
Agrarian Revolution1.A revolution in farming also helped pave the way for the Industrial Revolution. In 1700,wealthy landowners began buying up much of the land that village farmers had once worked. Theycombined the land into larger fields, which were called enclosures because they were enclosed byfences or hedges. The enclosure movement had two important results. First, landowners tried newagricultural methods developed by scientific farmers. Second, large landowners forced small farmersto become tenant farmers or to give up farming and move to the cities.2.Farmers took advantage of Jethro Tull's seed drill, which allowed them to sow seeds in wellspaced rows at specific depths. A larger share of the seeds took root, boosting crop yields. They alsoadopted a new process of crop rotation. One year, for example, a farmer might plant a field with wheat,which exhausted soil nutrients. The next year he planted a root crop, such as turnips, to restorenutrients. This might be followed in turn by barley and then clover.3.Livestock breeders also improved their methods, which resulted in increased output. As foodsupplies increased and living conditions improved, England's population mushroomed. An increasingpopulation boosted the demand for food and goods such as cloth. As farmers lost their land to largeenclosed farms, many became factory workers.Summary Box1.2.3.5
Class work for October 13, 2015Skim and ScanChapter 19 Section 1** Before jumping into this worksheet, look over Chapter 19 Section 1, pages 614-621, and notice theheadings, charts, and pictures.Directions: Answer the following questions from pages 614 – 621.1. What is the title of the section?2. What do you think this chapter will be about?3. Read the italicized section and fill in the blanks:During the late century, theRevolution began in . An agrarianrevolution and industrialization caused a shift from anbased on farming and handicrafts to an economy based onby machines in .4. In the section entitled The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain, there are fivereasons/factors stated on why the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain. Listthem below.1.2.3.4.5.5. In the section entitled The Industrial Revolution in Great Britain, what is the first highlighted word?What is the definition of the above word?6. Define Capital:6
7. Find the section entitled The New Factories and fill in the following section:The was another important element in theRevolution. From its beginning, the factory createda new system. Factory wanted to use theirnew machines . So, workers were forced to work into keep the machines at a steady rate.8. Find the section entitled Railroads, go to the last paragraph of the section. What wasthe effect of railroads on the economy?9. Find the section entitled The Industrial Working Class and answer the followingquestions:- Identify some of the problems that the working class faced during the IndustrialRevolution.-What was the result of Michael Sadler’s report?10. Find the section entitled Early Socialisma. Write down the first bold and highlighted term:b. What is the definition of this term?How is this different then capitalism?Class work for Tuesday October 4th7
Homework for October 13, 2015Directions: Actively read the following selection, hi-light key ideas so you are prepared toanswer the questions that follow.For thousands of years, people lived in small farming villages. Villagers had always growntheir own food and made all the goods they needed, like clothes. Beginning in the mid1700s in Great Britain, the Industrial Revolution changed everything. People started to buyfood, clothes, and other goods from stores, just like we do today.Over the years, farming in Europe had been changing. People had invented new ways tofarm that made farming easier and more efficient. As a result, it took fewer workers togrow more food. During the same time period, Europe's population grew. It was no longerpossible for everyone to earn a living working on a farm. So, many people moved to citieslooking for work.The Industrial Revolution started in Britain's textile, or cloth, industry. British merchants hadbeen importing cotton from India since the 1600s. This raw cotton was spun into threadand then woven into cloth. The merchants wanted to expand the cotton industry inEngland. They developed a system in which raw cotton was sent out to peasant families.Workers would spin and weave the cotton and then send it back to the merchants.Because the families worked in their homes, this production method was called cottageindustry.Under this system, production was slow. Inventors came up with ways to make spinningand weaving cloth faster. They invented tools like the spinning jenny, which spun manythreads at one time, and the water-powered loom, which wove cloth quickly. With theinvention of these machines, it did not make sense for people to work at home. Somemachines were powered by water, so they had to be built next to rivers. Others were toobig to be kept in people's homes. So, manufacturers built large sheds where they kept themachines. Spinners and weavers came to work in these factories instead of working athome, this was called the factory system.From Great Britain's textile industry, the Industrial Revolution spread to other industries. Italso spread to other countries. For example, Belgium, France, and Germany allexperienced the Industrial Revolution. The ideas also crossed the Atlantic Ocean to theUnited States.In industrialized nations, people's lives became very different than they had been a hundredyears before. The majority of people in these nations now lived in cities instead of smallfarming villages. People bought food and clothing from stores. Instead of working onfarms, many people worked in factories. The Industrial Revolution had changed the worldforever.8
Multiple Choice1. Before the Industrial Revolution, most people lived in .A. citiesB. factoriesC. small farming villagesD. apartments2. The Industrial Revolution started in 's textile industry.A. BritainB. BelgiumC. ItalyD. Germany3. An early production method was called cottage industry because workers .A. built cottagesB. worked in their homesC. lived in factoriesD. made cottage cheese4. The spinning jenny .A. wove cloth quicklyB. was powered by waterC. made production slowD. spun many threads at one time5. After the Industrial Revolution, people .A. bought food and clothing from storesB. worked in factoriesC. lived in citiesD. all of the above6. Under the production method called cottage industry, people worked .A. in factoriesB. at homeC. on farmsD. for free7. After the Industrial Revolution, people .A. made their own clothesB. grew their own foodC. bought goods in storesD. lived mostly on farms8. The idea of going to work outside of the home was called the .A. factory system.C. urban system.B. domestic systemD. career choice.9
Crossword PuzzleWrite the best answer in each blank, and complete the crossword puzzle.ACROSS5. The Industrial Revolution spread to other European countries and the6. People moved to cities looking for .7. At first, people spun and wove cotton in their .8. Spinners and weavers later worked in instead of their homes.9. Raw was spun into threads and then woven into cloth.DOWN1. Some machines were powered by .2. were invented to make spinning and weaving cloth faster.3. After the Industrial Revolution, people bought goods in instead of makingthem.4. The Industrial began in the mid-1700s.8. Before the Industrial Revolution, people grew their own .10
Bell Ringer October 14, 2015The Steam Engine: Power for a New RevolutionFuel crises in the 20th and 21st centuries have affected the world's economy and the balanceof global political power. During the 18th century, the response to a fuel shortage led to profoundeconomic, technological, and political changes. The introduction of a new source of power, the steamengine, was one of the most important factors in the development of power-driven machines and theIndustrial Revolution.England's rapidly increasing population made it necessary to plant more crops for food. By the18th century, most of England's forests had been cleared to make way for farmlands. The woodneeded to heat homes and the charcoal to fuel fires for the manufacture of iron became scarce.Since the Middle Ages, people had heated their homes with coal as well as wood. At that time,however, they did not use it in the manufacture of iron. Gradually, iron makers turned to coal as acheap source of energy.As the demand for coal increased, miners dug deeper into the coal deposits. In doing so, theytapped sources of underground water, which filled the mines. At first, pumps worked by horses ordonkeys removed the water. But this was an expensive and inefficient procedure.In 1698, an English engineer named Thomas Savery invented a device that used highpressure steam to create a vacuum in a metal chamber. Water rushed upward from the mine into thevacuum. Before the cycle could start again, more steam had to be used to remove the water from thechamber.Fourteen years later, in 1712, Thomas Newcomen, an English ironmonger (seller of ironproducts) invented a pumping machine that was operated by low-pressure steam. The followingdiagram demonstrates how Newcomen's machine worked. As in Savery's earlier invention, the steamproduced a vacuum. But, in Newcomen's engine, the vacuum set the various parts of the machine inmotion. This engine, which could only move downward, was used solely to pump water out of mines.In the 1760s and 1770s, English inventor James Watt created a more usable engine. UsingNewcomen's design as a foundation, he made it possible to power the upstroke as well as thedownward stroke of the piston. Capable of a rotary movement, Watt's machine could run machinery,carriage wheels, or riverboat paddles. By the middle of the 19th century, improved versions of thesteam engine were running machines in mines and factories and providing power for locomotives andsteamships. The steam engine had become the heart of the Industrial Revolution.Review Questions:1. How was the development of the steam engine a response to a fuel shortage?2. How did Newcomen and Watt’s steam engine help to relieve this fuel shortage?3. How did the steam engine propel the growth of industry and transportation and help bringabout the Industrial Revolution?4. Considering the rising prices of gas today, how do you think it will affect future technology orinventions?11
Classwork for October 14, 2015How does the Agrarian Revolution provide opportunity?Opportunity of theAgrarianRevolution12
Class work for October 14, 2015Industrial RevolutionGraphic OrganizerDirections: Use the word bank at the bottom of the page to complete the organizer with the correctphraseIndustrial Revolution inGreat BritainAgricultural RevolutionNew FactoriesLowered Prices of GoodsFlying Shuttle & Spinning JennyPlenty of Natural ResourcesReasons to start in EnglandSteam Engine Spins Cloth FasterGot goods to markets fasterGood supply of capitalShift work developedChanges in Cotton ProductionNew Labor SystemLarge PopulationColonies provided marketsRailroads13
Homework for October 14thDirections: Actively complete the following reading. Answer thefollowing question on page 15 in the number boxed that correlates.Question: How did the Industrial Revolution bring change?Social Impact of the Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution brought great riches to most of the entrepreneurs whohelped set it in motion. For the millions of workers who crowded into the new factories,however, the industrial age brought poverty and harsh living conditions.In time, reforms would curb many of the worst abuses of the early industrial agein Europe and the Americas. As standards of living increased, people at all levels ofsociety would benefit from industrialization. Until then, working people would suffer withdangerous working conditions; unsafe, unsanitary, and over- crowded housing; andunrelenting poverty.1. People Move to New Industrial CitiesThe Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization or the movement of peopleto cities. Changes in farming, soaring population growth, and an ever-increasingdemand for workers led masses of people to migrate from farms to cities. Almostovernight, small towns around coal or iron mines mushroomed into cities. Other citiesgrew up around the factories that entrepreneurs built in once-quiet market towns.The British market town of Manchester numbered 17,000 people in the 1750s.Within a few years, it exploded into a center of the textile industry. Its population soaredto 40,000 by 1780 and 70,000 by 1801. Visitors described the "cloud of coal vapor" thatpolluted .2. New Social Classes EmergeThe Industrial Revolution created a new middle class along with the workingclass. Those in the middle class owned and operated the new factories, mines, andrailroads, among other industries. Their lifestyle was much more comfortable than thatof the industrial working class.When farm families moved to the new industrial cities, they became workers inmines or factories. Many felt lost and bewildered. They faced tough working conditionsin uncomfortable environments. In time, though, factory and mine workers developedtheir own sense of community despite the terrible working conditions.3. The Industrial Middle ClassThose who benefited most from the Industrial Revolution were the entrepreneurswho set it in motion. The Industrial Revolution created this new middle class, orbourgeoisie, whose members came from a variety of backgrounds. Some weremerchants who invested their growing profits in factories. Others were inventors orskilled artisans who developed new technologies. Some rose from "rags to riches," apattern that the age greatly admired.14
Middle-class families lived in well-furnished, spacious homes on paved streetsand had a ready supply of water. They wore fancy clothing and ate well. The newmiddle class took pride in their hard work and their determination to "get ahead."Only a few had sympathy for the poor. Women of the middle class did not leave thehome to work but instead focused their energy on raising their children. This contrastedwith the wealthy, who had maidservants to look after their children, and the workingclass, whose children were a part of the workforce.4. The Industrial Working ClassWhile the wealthy and the middle class lived in pleasant neighborhoods, vastnumbers of poor struggled to survive in foul-smelling slums. They packed into tinyrooms in tenements, or multistory buildings divided into apartments. Thesetenements had no running water, only community pumps. There was no sewage orsanitation system, so wastes and garbage rotted in the streets. Sewage was alsodumped into rivers, which created an overwhelming stench and contaminateddrinking water. This led to the spread of diseases such as cholera.5. Workers Stage Futile ProtestsAlthough labor unions, or workers' organizations, were illegal at this time,secret unions did exist among frustrated British workers. They wished to initiateworker reforms, such as increases in pay, but had no political power to effect change.Sometimes their frustration led to violence. The first instances of industrial riotsoccurred in England from 1811 to 1813. Groups of textile workers known as theLuddites resisted the labor-saving machines that were costing them their jobs. Someof them smashed textile machines with sledgehammers and burned factories. Theyusually wore masks and operated at night. There was widespread support among theworking class for these Luddite groups.Life in the Factories and MinesThe heart of the new industrial city was the factory. There, the technology of the machine ageand the rapid pace of industrialization imposed a harsh new way of life on workers.6. Factory Workers Face Harsh ConditionsWorking in a factory system differed greatly from working on a farm. In rural villages,people worked hard, but their work varied according to the season. Life was also hard forpoor rural workers who were part of the putting-out system, but at least they worked at theirown pace. In the grim factories of industrial towns, workers faced a rigid schedule set by thefactory whistle.Working hours were long, with shifts lasting from 12 to 16 hours, six or seven days aweek. Workers could only take breaks when the factory owners gave permission. Exhaustedworkers suffered accidents from machines that had no safety devices. They might lose afinger, a limb, or even their lives. In textile mills, workers constantly breathed air filled with lint,which damaged their lungs. Those workers who became sick or injured lost their jobs.15
The majority of early factory workers were women rather than men. Employers oftenpreferred to hire women workers because they thought w
Bell Ringer for October 13, 2015 The Industrial Revolution refers to the greatly increased output of machine- made goods that began in England in the middle 1700s. There are several reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in England. In addition to political stability and a large population of workers, England had the extensive
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Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
Le genou de Lucy. Odile Jacob. 1999. Coppens Y. Pré-textes. L’homme préhistorique en morceaux. Eds Odile Jacob. 2011. Costentin J., Delaveau P. Café, thé, chocolat, les bons effets sur le cerveau et pour le corps. Editions Odile Jacob. 2010. 3 Crawford M., Marsh D. The driving force : food in human evolution and the future.
