STAXI-2 TM State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory
TMSTAXI-2State-Trait Anger Expression InventoryDEVELOPED BYCHARLES D. SPIELBERGER, PhDREPORT DEVELOPED FOR:JOHN SAMPLE (Gender: MALE)QUESTIONNAIRE USED UNDER LICENSE BY:Psychologist: MANUELA IONESCUAdministered on: 14/06/2006Report generated on date/hour: 09.08.2006 / 11:03:44Identifier/serial number: 00000003REPORT DEVELOPED BY DRAGOS G. ILIESCU, PH.D. AND HORIA D. PITARIU, PH.D.BASED ON TEXT WRITTEN AND RESEARCH CONDUCTED BY CHARLES D. SPIELBERGER, PH.D. AND PETER R. VAGG, PH.D.
State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory TMSpielberger, 1988UNDERSTANDING THIS REPORTPURPOSEDEFINITIONThis report helps in understanding those attitudes, emotional states andbehaviors typical for the evaluated person in regard to his/her feelings,control and expression of anger. This report also states a differencebetween anger as a passing state and anger as a personality trait, as wellas between the way these to facets are present in the evaluated person.The experience of anger as measured by the STAXI-2, is conceptualised ashaving two major components: state and trait anger.State anger is defined as a psychobiological emotional state or conditionmarked by subjective feelings that vary in intensity from mild irritationor annoyance to intense fury and rage. Anger as a psychobiologicalemotional state is generally accompanied by muscular tension and byarousal of the neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous systems.Trait anger is defined in terms of individual differences in the dispositionto perceive a wide range of situations as annoying or frustrating and bythe tendency to respond to such situations with elevations in state anger.Individuals with high trait anger experience state anger more often andwith greater intensity than individuals who are low in trait anger.USAGEThis report has been generated for the use of psychologists, counselingstaff and other types of specialized professionals, in their work withclients. The report may be used in clinical activities, in developmental orpersonal optimization activities, but also in the area of human resources,in the selection for certain professions, career counseling and coachingfor managerial levels.Although formulated like a stand-alone report, which especially in thesecond section (detailed report) may also be easily read by persons nottrained in the usage of psychological tests, this report has been projectedand developed in such a way as to offer assistance to the professionalwho is interpreting the test results.These results should only be considered in conjuction with professionaljudgment, after a careful and detailed analysis, and only aftercorroborating these data with the results of an interview and of possibleother psychometric instruments. Results contained in this report may besubject to alterations and special highlights as a function of suchcorroborations made by a specialised professional.FUNDAMENTThis report is based on the STAXI-2, an instrument that has beenvalidated in a wide variety of research programs.The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, Second Edition (STAXI-2) is astructured, verbal, omnibus measure of behavioral and personalitypatterns. The questionnaire consists of 57 items, grouped on 12 scales.1
State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory TMSpielberger, 1988WHAT INFORMATION DOES THIS REPORT INCLUDE?CONTENTPROFILET SCORESIn addition to the introductory section, the report contains two mainsections:1. The STAXI-2 profile,2. The Detailed Report.The STAXI-2 profile section contains a graphical representation of thescores characteristic for the evaluated person, for every one of thestructural scales.The scores for all the STAXI-2 scales are represented in standardized Tscores. T scores are a way of standardizing scale scores from scales withdifferent number of items, different variance, and different distribution.Thus, T scores are characterized by a mean of 50 points and a standarddeviation of 10 points. T-scores are computed based on the Romaniannational-wide normative sample of N 1200 subjects (600 males and 600females).Please also note that the STAXI-2 profile section contains two pages, onebased in both scoring and graphic representation on the combined normsand one based on the specific norms, requested at the scoring of thedata. Specific (i.e. gender-specific, age-specific or even clinical), ormore general scores, can be important, depending on how the report isbeing used.DRILLDOWNThe detailed report offers a drilldown of the characteristics ascertainedthrough the STAXI-2 and already pictured in the charts in the STAXI-2profile section. The charts in this section and the subsequent commentsare based on the combined norms.This section has been developed in such a way as to offer assistance tothe psychologist who is interpreting the results, as to minimize his/herneed of reverting to the test manual.This section may also be read by the evaluated person as part of astructured discussion or development program he/she is part of.However, considering the conclusions of this report should only be doneafter discussing them with a specialized professional.MEANINGThis section contains for every one of the STAXI-2 scales one chart,capturing both the raw scores (above) and the T scores (below), with aspecial marker where the evaluated person’s score has been computed.Also, below every chart one may read a description of typical behaviorsfor low and high scorers on the respective scale, some typical adjectivaldescriptions for these low and high scorers, as well as some suggestionsfor personal development which are adapted to the score of theevaluated person on the respective scale.2
State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory TM3Spielberger, 1988STAXI-2 PROFILEScoring based on: THE ROMANIAN MALE NORMS FOR PSICHIATRIC PACIENTS (N 33ss)STRUCTURAL SCALES PROFILE. (Standardized T Ang/RAX-OAX-IAC-OAC-IAX -Ang/PT-AngT-Ang/TT-Ang/RAX-OAX-IAC-OAC-IAX IndexRaw score34101113231071416222234Raw scoreT score585555645660464549495247T score
State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory TM4Spielberger, 1988STAXI-2 PROFILEScoring based on: THE STANDARD ROMANIAN COMBINED NORMS, NORMAL ADULTS (N 1200ss)STRUCTURAL SCALES PROFILE. (Standardized T T-Ang/RAX-OAX-IAC-OAC-IAX /TT-Ang/RAX-OAX-IAC-OAC-IAX IndexRaw score34101113231071416222234Raw scoreT score8161721005961434850484950T score
State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory TMSpielberger, 1988DETAILED REPORT* This detailed report is based on the COMBINED norms.** For usage of this detailed report, please consider the description contained in the introductory text to thisfile.SECTION 1. STATE ANGERState Anger refers to the intensity of the individual’s angry feelings either at (a) the timeof testing, or (b) a time and situation specified by the test administrator (i.e., imaginedanger provoking, anger management, or desensitization situations). The intensity of S-Angmay vary a great deal depending on the situation.The S-Ang scale has 3 subscales: Feeling Angry (S-Ang/F), Feel Like Expressing AngerVerbally (S-Ang/V), and Feel Like Expressing Anger Physically (S-Ang/P). Even though therespondent may have a total S-Ang score in the low to moderate range, it is possible thathe/she might have a high score on one or the other of the S-Ang subscales. Furthermore, asthe open expression of intense angry feelings is evidently undesirable from a social point ofview, so that most people have the tendency to report low scores on this scale.In interpreting S-Ang scores, it is important to note that the S-Ang scale and subscales havesubstantial floor effects, particularly for normal adults, thus the cut-off points fordetermining high and very high scores are somewhat higher than for the other STAXI-2scales and subscales.Since most people usually report low levels of anger intensity at any point in time,individuals with high or very high scores on the S-Ang scale or subscales should be evaluatedcarefully to determine whether the risk of acting out their anger represents a potentialdanger to themselves or others.Adolescents, young adults, and patients in institutions often report more intense levels ofanger than normal adults; high scores for members of these groups should be treated veryseriously.Several of the STAXI-2 scales have been linked to health problems, particularly coronaryheart disease (CHD), including hypertension, blood pressure problems, and cardiovascularreactivity. The scores of the S-Ang scale have been proven to be closely related to somesuch indicators, most especially with hypertension.High scores on S-Ang carry, however, some other implications than prediction of coronaryheart disease. For example, it should be noted that males with addiction problems alsoshow higher S-Ang scores than males without addiction problems. For both males andfemales, higher preoperative S-Ang scores have been associated with poorer postoperativeoutcome, and higher S-Ang scores before exercise are related to higher systolic bloodpressure (SBP) after exercise.If any of these factors are relevant to this individual, a referral for cognitively based angermanagement training needs to be seriously considered before surgery or extensive exercise.5
State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory TM6Spielberger, 1988The 'S-Ang' scale(State Anger)S-Ang1Raw scoreRaw score: 34T score: 81.42State Anger510152025303540Raw scoreT scoreT RAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SCALEThe State Anger scale (S-Ang) measures the intensity of angry feelings and the extent towhich a person feels like expressing anger at a particular time.BEHAVIORAL DESCRIPTIONLow scoresPersons with low scores on S-Ang do notmanifest angry feelings at the moment oftesting (or at the specific moment or in thespecific situation indicated by the testadministrator). They are controlled,balanced and calm. Low scores on S-Ang aredesirable, as they denote calmness, at leastas a momentary state.High scoresPeople with high S-Ang scores experiencemoderate to intense anger which may bemanifested as a desire to scream or breakthings. Mild to moderate activation of thesympathetic nervous system with increasedheart rate and blood pressure are possible.If she continues to experience intenseanger, professional help may be needed toreduce the anger. It is possible for highS-Ang scores to reflect a momentary ratherthan a chronic state of being.SUGGESTIONS FOR PERSONAL IMPROVEMENTLow scoresLow S-Ang scores are desirable, no actionsteps may be suggested.High scoresIt may be necessary for the evaluatedperson to carefully analyze the event thattriggered the anger state and to try toevaluate his/her own feelings regardingthat fact. Unresolved problems usually tendto reactivate, possibly pointing toinadequately integrated internal conflicts.The causes of anger and rage should beidentified and the underlying problemsresolved, in order to prevent resurfacing.Professional help from a trainedpsychologist or counselor may be indicated.
State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory TM7Spielberger, 1988The 'S-Ang/F' subscale(Feeling Angry)S-Ang/FRaw score: 10T score: 61.34Feeling Angry1Raw score5101520T scoreRaw scoreT RAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SCALEThe Feeling Angry subscale (S-Ang/F) measures the intensity of the angry feelings theperson is currently experiencing.BEHAVIORAL DESCRIPTIONLow scoresThe evaluated person did not haveexperience anger, rage or irritation at themoment of testing.High scoresThe evaluated person has experienced atthe moment of testing an intense state ofanger, as effect of an anterior event or aspart of the evaluation. A high score on theS-Ang/F scale cannot, however, sayanything about the person’s preferencesregarding the expression or control ofanger. It is thus necessary that scores onthis scale be correlated with the specificsituation and with scores on the otherscales.SUGGESTIONS FOR PERSONAL IMPROVEMENTLow scoresLow S-Ang/F scores are desirable, no actionsteps may be suggested.High scoresIt is imperative for the evaluated person tofirst calm down, to pass beyond themomentary feelings of anger or irritationand then to reason in a detached mannerupon the situation that has generated thesefeelings. If the anger states surface often orhave a high intensity, time and energyshould be devoted for the development ofindividual anger control mechanisms.
State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory TM8Spielberger, 1988The 'S-Ang/V' subscale(Feel Like Expressing Anger Verbally)S-Ang/VRaw score: 11T score: 72.22Feel Like Expressing Anger Verbally1Raw score51015Raw scoreT scoreT RAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SCALEThe Feel Like Expressing Anger Verbally subscale (S-Ang/V) measures the intensity of currentfeelings related to the verbal expression of anger.BEHAVIORAL DESCRIPTIONLow scoresLow S-Ang/V scores denote that theevaluated person did not feel during thetesting the need the express anger orirritation verbally.High scoresHigh S-Ang/V scores show that theevaluated person has felt during the testingthe impulse to express his/her feelings ofanger or irritation in a verbal manner. Asresearch has shown, the impulse to expressanger through verbal behaviors likescreaming, voice-raising or even onlythrough caustic or evil remarks is especiallyfor women an important component of theindividual anger expression pattern. Theprobability for these impulses to manifest isreflected mainly by the scores at the angerexpression and anger control scales.SUGGESTIONS FOR PERSONAL IMPROVEMENTLow scoresLow S-Ang/V scores are desirable, no actionsteps may be suggested.High scoresIf these feelings and impulses persist,professional counseling intervention isrecommended. The relative transitivity ofthis state (and its relative seriousness) isindicated also by the evaluated person’sscores at the T-Ang scale.
State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory TM9Spielberger, 1988The 'S-Ang/P' subscale(Feel Like Expressing Anger Physically)S-Ang/PFeel Like Expressing Anger Physically1Raw scoreRaw score: 13T score: 100.00510Raw scoreT scoreT RAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SCALEThe Feel Like Expressing Anger Physically (S-Ang/P) measures the intensity of currentfeelings related to the physical expression of anger.BEHAVIORAL DESCRIPTIONLow scoresLow S-Ang/P scores show a highimprobability for the evaluated persontrying to express anger in a physicalmanner, towards other people or againstobjects.High scoresHigh values on this scale describe anoutspoken the need for the evaluatedperson to hit somebody or something, or tobreak things. Interpretation of this scaleshould consider the very skewed nature ofscore distribution. This brings with it largemodifications in the meaning for only smallincrements of scores, such that smallchanges in scores yield very differentinterpretations. Anyway, high scores shouldbe correlated with the person’s preferencesfor expression and control of anger.SUGGESTIONS FOR PERSONAL IMPROVEMENTLow scoresLow S-Ang/P scores are desirable, no actionsteps may be suggested.High scoresPhysical, destructive, hostile aggression,derived from anger, is most of the time alearned behavior. This behavior is adoptedthrough imitation, but is also maintainedbecause of its (apparent) adaptive value.Physical expression of anger may beconceptualized as a deficit in interpersonalskills, which could be resolved if theevaluated person is able to learn someother ways of expressing anger than theverbal or physical ones, maybe in areas likeconflict resolution, problem solving, humor,self-control, empathy, compassion,tolerance.
State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory TMSpielberger, 1988SECTION 2. TRAIT ANGERTrait anger measures the general tendency of a person to get angry. The T-Ang scalemeasures thus a personality disposition, a fundamental dimension of the evaluated person’spersonality to get angry and to express his/her feelings more or less easily.The subscales of the T-Ang scale evaluate if a certain person has in general a nervoustemperament (T-Ang/T), or if the person has rather the tendency to react in the form ofanger when he/she has the subjective feeling of being treated unfairly, or if confrontedwith critiques from others (T-Ang/R). The T-Ang/T subscale measures anger that isexperienced quickly and with little provocation. Angry temperament refers to apredisposition to experience anger and has little to do with situational factors. On theother hand, the T-Ang/R subscale measures the reactive part of anger.Persons with high scores on the T-Ang scale and its subscales are usually quick to anger,especially when their actions are not appreciated or are even publicly criticized. Traitanger is one of the central variables of the STAXI-2 and is a critical variable forunderstanding the way in which the evaluated person manifests anger, especiallyconcerning the frequency of angry feelings, across a wide range of situations.High scorers have a more explosive temperament and get more easily to strong anger andrage. They do not try to block or to control the expression of anger and of course they havea higher probability to get angry in a certain situation than the average person. All theT-Ang scores, but especially the higher ones, should be taken into consideration onlycorrelated with scores on the AX- and AX-I scales, as well as of the AX-Index.From between the STAXI-2 scales and subscale associated with health issues, especially withcoronary heart disease, we may also mention the T-Ang scale and it s subscale T-Ang/R.High T-Ang scores are associated with a significantly heightened risk for the development ofcoronary heart disease, especially increased blood pressure and hypertension, but also moreserious disease might develop as a result of being chronically angry.High scores on the T-Ang/R subscale are associated with elevations in either diastolic bloodpressure (DBP) or systolic blood pressure (SBP) as a function of high anger reactivity.10
State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory TM11Spielberger, 1988The 'T-Ang' scale(Trait Anger)T-Ang1Raw scoreRaw score: 23T score: 58.82Trait Anger510152025303540T scoreRaw scoreT RAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SCALEThe Trait Anger scale (T-Ang) measures how often angry feelings are expressed over time.BEHAVIORAL DESCRIPTIONLow scoresLow scorers on this scale rarely experienceanger and the intensity of their angryfeelings is lower than that of the averageperson, thus feeling more in the area ofagitation, annoyance or irritation, and notanger or rage. Most often, low scores onT-Ang are correlated with a highertolerance against provocations. States ofanger are not only less intense, but alsotake less, as these persons calm down easilyand rapidly. Low scorers for T-Angexperience very often their anger states asbeing uncomfortable.High scoresHigh scorers on this scale tend to get angrymore frequently as the average person.Also, for these persons, both the frequencyand intensity of angry behaviors is higherthan normal, they are often exhibited asrage and explosions. Most often, high scoreson this scale are associated with a longerduration of the angry state and with thehabit to react easily even to minorprovocations. An interesting characteristicof these persons is the fact that theyexperience their angry feelings and theire
State-Trait Anger Expression InventoryTM Spielberger, 1988 4 STAXI-2 PROFILE Scoring based on: THE STANDARD ROMANIAN COMBINED NORMS, NORMAL ADULTS (N 1200ss) STRUCTURAL SCALES PROFILE. (Standardized T scores) 0 0 5 5 10 10 15 15 20 20 25 25 30 30 35 35 40 40 45 45 50 50 55 55 60 60 65 65 70 70 75 75 80 80 85 85 90 90 95 95 100 100 5 10 15 20 25 .
The Korean version of the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory, Trait Version (K‐STAI‐T) The STAI‐T (Spielberger, 1983) is a 20‐item questionnaire that assesses individual differences in anxiety as a personality trait. Each of the items is rated from ‘not at all’
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constitutionnel et la colonne de gauche int gre les articles des TUE et TCE ant rieurs. Cette m thode nous permet ainsi de r aliser une double analyse, tant concernant le TUE /TCE que du Trait constitutionnel, au d part des nouveaux trait s afin de relever les changements et/ou similitudes entre les diff rents trait s.
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A student in the commerce stream studies various subjects which covers topics like business, commercial organisations, management of business, economics, financial accounting etc. Secretarial Practice is one of the subjects in commerce which deals exclusively with one of the largest and most popular forms of business organisation viz. the Joint Stock Company. In this subject, a student is .
