Design Of Steel And Composite Bridges Highway Bridges
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 20121Design of steel and composite bridgesHighway bridgesJoël Raoul
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012Main selected features General presentation and scope of EC3 and EC4 related to steel and composite bridgesMaterialsStructural analysisCross-section analysis at ULS and SLSTreatment of instabilitiesFatigue2
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October e7.2chimneysPartie e5PipelinespilingPartie1.1General rulesPartie1.7Plated elementsloaded ngsPartie1.9FatiguePartie1.4Stainless crulesS500 to S690Eurocode 3 : steel structures
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 20124EN 1994 : composite steel-concrete structuresEN 1994-2 general rules and bridges (self-sufficient)CONCRETE PARTSTEEL PARTEN 1992-2EN 1993-2
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012Scope of EN1993-2All steel bridges (in general with an orthotropic deck) and thesteel part of composite bridges5
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012Scope of EN1994-2Composite bridges6
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 20127Girder bridgesEconomy : two-girderbridges even for 2X2 lanesdue to robustness rules
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 20128Box girders
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012Composite members9
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012Tension members (tie of bowstring arch)10
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012Composite plates11
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201212Filler beam decksIn the transversal directionIn the longitudinal direction
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201213MaterialsConcrete :Between C20 and C60 for composite bridges (C 90 for concrete bridges)Steel :up to S460 for steel and composite bridges(S 500 to S 700 in a separate part 1-12 for steel bridges)
Choice of material :avoid brittle behaviourSeminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012HOAN BRIDGE 200014
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 An overlooked defect is assumed during execution :e.g. : a 2.2 mm for tf 80 mm It grows acc. to fracture mechanics laws (assumingfatigue is governing the design) Up to the critical defectdepending on Charpy energyat service temperature Over a period dependingon the inspection periodicityNOTE: fabrication rules andquality plan are given in EN 1090They are assumedto be met when using EN 199315
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012EN 10025grade quality16
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012Structural analysisElasticPlastic (buildings, bridges in accidental situations)17
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201218Classes of steel cross-sectionsCl.1Cl.2MplCl.3MelCl.4 136
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012Class offlanges19
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201220Global analysis of composite bridges:two aspects are consideredCracking of concrete onsupportNon linear behaviour atmid spanMpl,RdMel,RdClass 1
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201221Modular ratio used in a composite sectionn L n0 . 1 L t n0 EaE cmValue of t0 :and t t t 0 creep coefficient given by EC2 :t0 1 day for shrinkaget0 a mean value in case of concrete cast in several stagesSIMPLE CALCULATIONS L is given by :Permanent loadsshrinkageImposed deformations1,10,551,5
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201222Plate buckling and shear lagEffectivep width(plate buckling)effectives width(shear lag)
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201223Effectives width of concrete slab (ULS and SLS)bei min(be1b1b1Le; bi )8beffb0be2b2
Effectives width of stiffened platesSeminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 20121.2Shear lag at ULS:3 alternatives, blackone recommendedbeta (alpha0,x) ( 1.4 x )241.2beta élastique en fonction du raidissage 10.8 ( 1 x)Shear lag at eluSLS:( 1.4 x )elastic (red line)0.60.40.2 0.0830560001/500.20.40.6x x0.8b0/Le11.
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201225Composite cross-section verification at ULS (M 0)fck/gc0,85 fck/gccompression PNAENA tractionfy/gMElastic resistance(for class 1, 2, 3) fy/gMplastic resistance(for classes 1/2)NOTE : gM is 1.0 (recommended for resistance formulae)
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012Verification at SLS Limitation of stresses for steel and composite bridges– As in EN1992-2 and EN1993-2 (fy in the steel part) Limitation of crack widths for composite bridges– As in EN1992-2 with tension stiffening (wk 0.3mm ingeneral)– Using a simplified method26
Treatment of instabilitiesSeminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012expérimental behaviour27mechanical modelAeffMequ 0 VP 2 - cr 1 1 2
Principle of verificationSeminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201228 u ultimate loading (without instability)/ ULS loading cr critical loading / ULS loading u crPRd PRk/gM f ( )Test /theory(mechanicalmodel)calibrationPRk PuNOTE : gM is 1.1 (recommended for « stability » formulae)
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012Plate buckling of stiffened plates in EC329
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201230Fatigue verification in EC3Calculation of D E,2 under a fatigue loadingP 480kN Influence of the type of influence line Influence of the type of traffic Influence of the number of lanes
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201231partial factor forloading 1,0verificationD c 80Category ofdetail
Orthotropic decks : recommended detailingSeminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012Deck plate thickness in the carriage wayin the heavy vehicle lanet 14 mm for asphalt layer 70 mm32
SETRASeminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012331st bridge entirelydesigned to EC4 inAvignon4500 t SETRA
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 201234Outstanding composite bridgesMax span 144 m: Verrières viaduct (composite box-girder bridge) SETRAMax S460 thickness 120 mm: Guarrigue viaduct SETRA SETRASurface 20000 m²: Vézère viaduct
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012SOME INNOVATIONS / ECONOMY ISSUES Enormous scientific workSimplicity of calculationsRobustness (fatigue brittle fracture)Full exploitation of the materials (postcritical range)Steels up to S690Hybrid girdersHarmonization of the format and the reliability of allthe instability formulae Treatment of stiffened plates Design of orthotropic decks35
Seminar ‘Bridge Design with Eurocodes’ – JRC Ispra, 1-2 October 2012 13 Materials Concrete : Between C20 and C60 for composite bridges (C 90 for concrete bridges) Steel : up to S460 for steel and composite bridges (S 500 to S 700 in a separate part 1-12 for steel bridges)
Types of composite: A) Based on curing mechanism: 1- Chemically activated composite 2- Light activated composite B) Based on size of filler particles: 1 - Conventional composite 2- Small particles composite 3-Micro filled composite 4- Hybrid composite 1- Chemically activated, composite resins: This is two - paste system:
4. Composite beams have higher stiffness, thus it has less deflection that steel beams. 5. Composite construction is faster because of using rolled steel and pre-fabricated components than cast-in-situ concrete. 6. Encased steel beam have higher resistance to fire and corrosion. II. DIFFERENT SYSTEM OF CAGING . A. Steel-concrete composite system
with a small instruction. The program provides a design of the composite beam. As it was told earlier, the composite flooring system has been designed at first for non-residential building. A widespread composite flooring system is a concrete slab resting upon downstand steel I-beams (see figure 1.2). Collaboration of steel and concrete
78 composite materials Composite materials resources. Composite Materials Resources scouting literature Chemistry, Engineering, Inventing, Model Design and Building, Robotics, and Space Exploration merit badge pamphlets Books Marshall, Andrew C. Composite Basics, 7th ed. Marshall Consulting Publishing, 2005. Rutan, Burt. Moldless Composite
fullest extent. Generally in steel-concrete composite beams, steel beams are integrally connected to prefabricated or cast in situ reinforced concrete slabs. There are many advantages associated with steel concrete composite construction. Some of these are listed below: The most effective utilisation of steel and concrete is achieved.
Composite 3 19 57 37. Prime 38. Prime 39. Neither 40. Neither 41. Composite 11 11 121 42. Composite 3 23 69 43. Prime 44. Prime 45. Composite 3 13 39 46. Composite 7 7 49 47. There are two whole numbers that are neither prime nor composite, 0 and 1. 48. False; the square of a
Federal Aviation Administration CE F, General Composite Structure Guidance Background –With the evolving/advancing composite technology and expanding composite applications, AC 20-107 “Composite Aircraft Structure” will require revision Deliverables –Revision to AC 20-107, “Composite Aircraft Structure,” to
RP-2 ISO 14001:2015 Issued: 8/15/15 DQS Inc. Revised: 5/12/17 Introduction This Environmental Management System Assessment Checklist is a tool for understanding requirements of ISO14001:2015 “Environmental management systems – Requirements with guidance for use”. The Checklist covers Clauses 4-10 requirements with probing questions about how an organization has addressed requirements and .
