Implementation of Eurocodes –a regulatory perspective Er K Thanabal,Director,Building and Construction Authority6 Aug 2014
scope Eurocode implementation in S’pore Links between Eurocodes Product Standards, Accreditation/Certification Lateral Actions Brief overview of EC8 application in S’pore Ongoing Initiatives Concluding remarks
Eurocodeimplementation inS’pore
Building Standards in SingaporeOct 2006
the Eurocodes is it hereyet?2013Circular issued onEC implementation2006
Eurocode is here 25 Mar 2013
Eurocode is here Design basedon thestructuralEurocodesacceptedfrom 1 Apr2013onwards
Eurocode is here StructuralEurocodeswill bemandatorywef 1 Apr2015projects with ST01 submission from1 Apr 2015 onwards will have to beEurocodes
Eurocode is here to stay 1 Apr 20131 Apr 20152 yrs coexistenceperiodSS/BSSS/BSECEC
Approved Document ApprovedDocumentupdated (ver5.0 Apr 2013)SS / BSEurocodes
Co-existence period the same standard shall be usedthrough the building designno mixing ofstandards
Overview of the Eurocodes NAs applicable code Reftitleno. of parts no. of NA to SS ENSS EN 1990Basis of structural design11SS EN 1991Actions of structure99SS EN 1992Design of concrete structures44SS EN 1993Design of steel structures2014SS EN 1994Design of composite steel and concrete33structuresSS EN 1995Design of timber structures**SS EN 1996Design of masonry structures**SS EN 1997Geotechnical design22SS EN 1998Design of structures for earthquake11**4034resistanceSS EN 1999Design of aluminium structuresTOTAL
Overview of the Eurocodes NAs applicable code Reftitleno. of parts no. of NA to SS ENSS EN 1990Basis of structural design11SS EN 1991Actions of structure99SS EN 1992Design of concrete structures44SS EN 1993Design of steel structures2014SS EN 1994Design of composite steel and concrete33structuresSS EN 1995Design of timber structures**SS EN 1996Design of masonry structures**SS EN 1997Geotechnical design22SS EN 1998Design of structures for earthquake11**4034resistanceSS EN 1999Design of aluminium structuresTOTALSS EN 1998 – only part 1 applicable
Overview of the Eurocodes NAs applicable code Reftitleno. of parts no. of NA to SS ENSS EN 1990Basis of structural design11SS EN 1991Actions of structure99SS EN 1992Design of concrete structures44SS EN 1993Design of steel structures2014SS EN 1994Design of composite steel and concrete33structuresSS EN 1995Design of timber structures**SS EN 1996Design of masonry structures**SS EN 1997Geotechnical design22SS EN 1998Design of structures for earthquake11**4034resistanceSS EN 1999Design of aluminium structuresTOTALmasonry, aluminium - BS EN versions
Overview of the Eurocodes NAs applicable code Reftitleno. of parts no. of NA to SS ENSS EN 1990Basis of structural design11SS EN 1991Actions of structure99SS EN 1992Design of concrete structures44SS EN 1993Design of steel structures2014SS EN 1994Design of composite steel and concrete33structuresSS EN 1995Design of timber structures**SS EN 1996Design of masonry structures**SS EN 1997Geotechnical design22SS EN 1998Design of structures for earthquake11**4034resistanceSS EN 1999Design of aluminium structuresTOTALtimber – SPRING WG formed
links betweenEurocodes
3 key pillars of Eurocodes Eurocodesdesignexecutionproduct
3 key pillars of Eurocodes
3 key pillars of Eurocodes
3 key pillars of Eurocodes
Eurocode design standards Concrete Structural SteelGeotechnicalCompositeSeismic
Eurocode journey 2013Circular issued onEC implementation2006
no resting on laurels
the Eurocodes is it hereyet?2015 (D Day)Developmentof NAs200720062013Circular issued onEC implementationProduct Standards/Accreditation
Eurocode effort unsung heroes Since 2006, numerous SPRING WGs havereviewed the Eurocodes & UK National Annexes Appropriate modifications made to UK NationalAnnexes to suit Singapore’s conditions.with the development of our NAs
Eurocode effort unsung heroes Since 2006, numerous SPRING WGs havereviewed the Eurocodes & UK National Annexes Appropriate modifications made to UK NationalAnnexes to suit Singapore’s conditions.with the development of our NAs
ProductStandards structural steel
adoption of productstandards workbased on EC – ProductConformity/CEmarkstarted way back in2007 FPC system
BC1, what on earth is that ?
BC1: 2012 version Apr 2013
BC1: 2012 version BS 5950 and EC3Handbook withexplanatory notes
BC1: 2012 version update with new devpts inmaterial standards since2007 include new categories ofmaterials(bars & rods, sheet piles)
BC1: 2012 version include quality assurance reqts for “reused” struts and sheetpiles used inbracing of excavationsmaterial traceabilitymaterial re-usability
strut BC1:/sheetpilesuppliersto ensure2012version properin-houseinspectionandtesting includequalityassurancereqtsforplansin placeto ensuretraceabilityand“re-used”strutsand sheetpilesusedinre-usabilityof excavations;steel sectionsbracing ofmaterial traceability3rd party independent audits byInspection Bodiesmaterial re-usability
with these qualityassurance system inplace, these scenesshould never everbeen seen here
inferior material used
inferior material used
deformedand corroded
deformedstruts andwalers
deformedwaler
deformed horizontal strut
strut and sheetpilesuppliers with qualityassurance system inplace
large shelteredfabricationwork shopsquality controlvisiblyIn place
spacious yardswith properdemarcations
State-of-the-art equipmentin-house QAschemealready in place
room forimprovement
not a silver bullet
BC1: 2012 version design guide covers BS 5950 aswell as EC3 anda handbook that providesdetailed explanatory notes forBC1
ProductStandards structural concrete
Saving Gaia - Green concretemining of natural aggregates environmental degradation
Saving Gaia - Green concreteEurocode provides a codebased approach toencourage wider usage ofgreen concrete
SS EN 12620 – “Specification forAggregates for Concrete”Aug 2008
Saving Gaia - Green concretecurrent code SS 31 permitsaggregates fromnatural sources only SS EN 12620 is a step forward
Saving Gaia - Green concreteSS EN 12620 permitsaggregates from natural,recycled and manufacturedsources
Saving Gaia - Green concreterecycling, substitutions cement replacements(GGBS, fly-ash, silica fume)recycled concreteaggregates fromdemolition wastesand replacements (washedcopper slag, quarry dust)
green cements SS EN 206-1 has wider choiceof blended green cements by-products from other industries (GGBS,fly-ash )material that otherwise endup in landfills CEM I (OPC)
Saving Gaia - Green cementsblended green cementsto SS EN 206-1Portlandcementreplacement,%CEMAdditionI 0–5Silica fume6 – 10Fly ash6 – 20IIA21 – 35IIB-VFly ashIVB-V36 – 55IIB-S21 – 35IIIAIIIBGGBS36 – 6566 – 80
Saving Gaia - Green concreteconcrete cubes of 100mm x100mm can be used instead of150mm x 150mm
SS EN 206-1 – “Concrete –Specification, performance, productionand conformity”standard relating to the productionof structural concretethird-party certification of ReadyMixed Concrete (RMC) producersto ensure good quality concrete
SS EN 206-1 – “Concrete –Specification, performance, productionand conformity”SAC Certification Scheme forRMC to SS EN 206-1 developedand implemented
SS EN 206-1 – “Concrete –Specification, performance, productionand conformity”Sep 2010
SS EN 206-1 – “Concrete –Specification, performance, productionand conformity”For major building projects,structural concrete to beobtained from RMCs certifiedunder the SACCertification Scheme
Concrete design strength designbased on characteristiccylinder strength, fck (MPa)
Concrete design strengthconcrete class notationcharacteristic cylinder strength /characteristic cube strengtheg.C40/50cylinderstrengthcubestrength
Concrete design strengthEN1992-1-1: Clause 3.1.1 (2)PBS : 60C90/105maximumcube strength
Site Investigation (SI)practice
Accreditation of Site Investigation (SI) firmsenhance quality and standards ofSI practice here EC7 compliance basic competency framework forLicensed Specialist Builders (SI)Oct 2012
Lateral Actions
Wind actions
Limitations in WindCodes
limitations EN 1991-1-4:2009ht 200msubject to dynamicresponse criteria excludes: cable supported bridges torsional and higher modes of vibration
limitations EN 1991-1-4:2009wind tunneltesting (WTT)recommended !!!subject to dynamicresponse criteria
Wind tunnel circularJan 2014
CRITERIA FOR WIND TUNNEL TESTSheight 200mfrequency 0.2 HzHighrise or Slender
CRITERIA FOR WIND TUNNEL TESTSLowrise with complex shape and formcomplex or irregular roof structures which arenot exhaustively covered by prescriptive windcodes
Buildings taller than 200m240m240m245m
Slender buildingsBuilding/structure with fundamental frequencies 0.2HzT1 5.04sT1 8.78s1st modef 0.2Hz orT 5s
Complex/irregular roof shapes
CRITERIA FOR WIND TUNNEL TESTSLimitation of loads derived from wind tunneltestslateral Wind Action from WTT for use instructural design 80% of those determined code-basedempirical approaches
GeometricImperfectionEffects & NotionalLoad
Imperfections the real world is farfrom perfect !!!
Lateral Actions Geometric imperfections (GI) generally ranges from 0.25% 0.5% of (DL LL) considered in addition to Wind LoadsEC2EC3
Lateral Actions Load combinations @ ULS (Concrete)aNHLGIE 1.5%(unfactored DL)geometric imperfection effects
Lateral Actions Load combinations @ ULS (Steel)bNHLc NHLGIE 0.5%(factored DL factored IL)1.0%(factored DL)geometric imperfection effects
Lateral Actions EC1 Part 1-4Wind load – NA to SS EN 1991-1-4very Important note
Lateral Actions EC1 Part 1-4Wind load – NA to SS EN 1991-1-4all buildings designed to resist 1.5%characteristic dead weightdesign ultimate windload not lesser than
Lateralloadsultimate wind load 1.5%(unfactoredDL)appliedin all theThe effects of imperfectionload combinations is applicable for allbuildings types (i.e. of concrete, structuralsteel or composite construction).In load combinations where wind load isconsidered, the governing of the two, i.e. thelarger of the 1.5%(unfactored DL) and ultimatewind load will be adopted in thesecombinations.
brief overview ofEurocode 8application inSingapore
Eurocode 8
only Part 1 of EN 1998applicable in Singapore(DCL design and detailing)
Seismic Design Requirements for S’pore applicable to new high-rise bldgs ( 20m) onprescribed ground type classes (classifiedmethodology by EC8 which is site-specific) also applicable to high-rise bldgs ( 20m)undergoing very major A&A on prescribedground type classes.
Seismic Design Requirements for S’pore not applicable for bridges, undergroundstructures and tunnels consideration for liquefaction – notneeded
Seismic Design RequirementsBuilding height, H determined according to Clause 2.Building height, H 20 metres?YNSeismic Action need not be considered in designGround Type within building footprint determined according to Clause 2. Ordinary building on Ground Type Class “D” or “S1”? or Special building on Ground Type Class “C”, “D” or “S1”?YNSeismic Action need not be considered in designSeismic Action determined according to Clause 3 and Clause 4 using where appropriate, either Lateral Force Analysis Method according to Clause 4.4 or Modal Response Spectrum Analysis Method according to Clause 4.5.Building analysed according to combination of actions in Clause 5 andfoundation design carried out according to Clause 6 Drift limitation check according to Clause 7 and Minimum structural separation check according to Cause 8Flowchart from BC3: 2013
Seismic Design RequirementsBuilding height, H determined according to Clause 2.height 20 mBuilding height, H 20 metres?YNSeismic Action need not be considered in designGround Type within building footprint determined according to Clause 2. Ordinary building on Ground Type Class “D” or “S1”? or Special building on Ground Type Class “C”, “D” or “S1”?YNSeismic Action need not be considered in designSeismic Action determined according to Clause 3 and Clause 4 using where appropriate, either Lateral Force Analysis Method according to Clause 4.4 or Modal Response Spectrum Analysis Method according to Clause 4.5.Building analysed according to combination of actions in Clause 5 andfoundation design carried out according to Clause 6 Drift limitation check according to Clause 7 and Minimum structural separation check according to Cause 8Flowchart from BC3: 2013
Seismic Design RequirementsBuilding height, H determined according to Clause 2.Building height, H 20 metres?YNSeismic Action need not be considered in designGround Type within building footprint determined according to Clause 2. Ordinary building on Ground Type Class “D” or “S1”? or Special building on Ground Type Class “C”, “D” or “S1”?YNSeismic Action need not be considered in designSeismic Action determined according to Clause 3 and Clause 4 using where appropriate, either Lateral Force Analysis Method according to Clause 4.4 or“Ordinary bldgs” on Ground Types “D” and “S1” or“Special bldgs” on Ground Types “C”, “D” and “S1” Modal Response Spectrum Analysis Method according to Clause 4.5.Building analysed according to combination of actions in Clause 5 andfoundation design carried out according to Clause 6 Drift limitation check according to Clause 7 and Minimum structural separation check according to Cause 8Flowchart from BC3: 2013
Seismic Design RequirementsBuilding height, H determined according to Clause 2.Building height, H 20 metres?YNSeismic Action need not be considered in designGround Type within building footprint determined according to Clause 2. Ordinary building on Ground Type Class “D” or “S1”? or Special building on Ground Type Class “C”, “D” or “S1”?YNSeismic Action need not be considered in designSeismic Action determined according to Clause 3 and Clause 4 using where appropriate, either Lateral Force Analysis Method according to Clause 4.4 or“Ordinary bldgs” on Ground Types “D” and “S1” or“Special bldgs” on Ground Types “C”, “D” and “S1” Modal Response Spectrum Analysis Method according to Clause 4.5.Building analysed according to combination of actions in Clause 5 andfoundation design carried out according to Clause 6 Drift limitation check according to Clause 7 and Minimum structural separation check according to Cause 8hospitals, fire stations, civil defenceinstallations, GovtMinistryandFlowchartfrom BC3:offices2013institutional blds
Seismic Design Requirements
BC3 and worked examplecan be downloaded fromBCA’s web-page
3-2013.pdfworked s/BC3-2013 cal.pdfunderscore
ongoinginitiatives
steel rebars
Characteristic yield strength - rebarsSS CP 65Reinforcement gm 1.15fy 460 N/mm2Table 3.1(Note 1)EN 1992-1-1EC2 Table 2.1NReinforcement gS 1.15fyk 500 N/mm2 BS4449 Table 4EN 10080SpecifyingreinforcementBS 4449SpecifyingReinforcementEN 1992Design of concretestructures
Characteristic yield strength - rebarsSS CP 65Reinforcement gm 1.15fy 460 N/mm2SPRING WG reviewingTable 3.1(600?)(Note 1)EN 1992-1-1EC2 Table 2.1NReinforcement gS 1.15fyk 500 N/mm2 BS4449 Table 4EN 10080SpecifyingreinforcementBS 4449SpecifyingReinforcementEN 1992Design of concretestructures
cast steelcomponents
failed connector
Standing Committee on Structural Safety– MAJOR CAST METAL COMPONENTSFeb 2010
Standing Committee on Structural Safety– MAJOR CAST METAL COMPONENTSkey structural qualities :strength, ductility,toughness, weldability andmachineabilityFeb 2010
Standing Committee on Structural Safety– MAJOR CAST METAL COMPONENTSSCOSS note highlights keyaspects to be considered indesign, procurement,supervsion/testing and qualityof end product to avoid“unintended consequences”Feb 2010
casting may be subjected to internalflawsandappropriatenondestructive examination regimeshould be specified. specimens need to be taken forchemical and strength analysis.
Jul 2012
more of such cast steel applications infuture
Provision in EC3- cast steel product standards BS EN 10293 (Steel Castings for GeneralEngineering Uses) BS EN 10340 (Steel Castings for StructuralUses)BS EN 1559 - Founding Technicalconditions of delivery Part 2:Additional requirements for steelcastings
Provision in EC3- cast steel inspection specifications BS EN 1369 (Founding - magnetic particletesting) BS EN 12680examination)(Founding-ultrasonic BS EN 12681 (Founding - radiographicexamination)
Approved Document akan datang Structural Steel extgreqts(vii) Steel Casting for General Engineering Uses – BS EN10239(viii) Steel Casting for Structural Uses – BS EN 10340(ix) Founding – Technical condition of delivery – BS EN1559:1 and 2(x) Founding – Utrasonic examination – BS EN 12680:1 to 2(xi) Founding – Radiographic examination – BS EN12681:2003(xii) Founding – Magnetic particle testing – BS EN 1369:2012newreqtsto beadded
Approved Document akan datang Structural Steel extgreqts(vii) Steel Casting for General Engineering Uses – BS EN10239(viii) Steel Casting for Structural Uses – BS EN 10340(ix) Founding – Technical condition of delivery – BS EN1559:1 and 2(x) Founding – Utrasonic examination – BS EN 12680:1 to 2(xi) Founding – Radiographic examination – BS EN12681:2003(xii) Founding – Magnetic particle testing – BS EN 1369:2012newreqtsto beadded
Execution Standard– Steel Structures
EN 1090, Execution Standard forSteel Structureshas provisions for factory prodtncontrols for steel fabricators anderectors with key reqts of welding quality managementsystem and a responsiblewelding coordinator
EN 1090, Execution Standard forSteel Structuresa SPRING Standards Workgroupis now looking at how we couldadopt such reqts to improve thequality of our steelworks
Eurocode steel andcomposite handy designspreadsheets SSSSSep 2014
Practice Notes onEC7 GeoSSSep 2014
concludingremarks
D-Day’s almost here Apr 1, 2015still not too late let’shasten our preparation
Thank youWe shape a safe, high quality, sustainable and friendly built environment.
SS EN 1992 Design of concrete structures 4 4 SS EN 1993 Design of steel structures 20 14 SS EN 1994 Design of composite steel and concrete structures 3 3 SS EN 1995 Design of timber structures * * SS EN 1996 Design of masonry structures * * SS EN 1997 Geotechnical design 2 2 SS EN 1998 Design of structures for earthquake
Senior Civil Engineer of SECO, Head of the Belgian Delegation for the Eurocodes, Belgium CHAPTER 2 - TOWARDS THE SECOND GENERATION OF THE EUROCODES Paolo FORMICHI Chairman of CEN/TC250/SC10/Basis of Structural Design; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy CHAPTER 3 - THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE EUROCODES
tank design and the Eurocodes are the new family of standards that should be followed. Sweco Industry AB is the outsourcer of this thesis and wants to clarify what rules that apply now when the Eurocodes are to be followed. The thesis project has produced a calculation document in Mathcad for tank shell design according
Limit state design is a design methodology for structural elements which considers both the effects of actions and resistance of a material or component to the effects of actions. Limit state design forms the basis or Eurocodes [1], which now forms the basis of structural design throughout Europe, including the UK. EUROCODES
GUIDE DE CONCEPTION Projet fi nancé par le Fonds de Recherche du Charbon et de l’Acier dans le cadre d’un programme de l’Union européenne. PARTIE I APPLICATION DES RÈGLES EUROCODES PARTIE I APPLICATION DES RÈGLES EUROCODES.
Eurocodes ‐Design of steel buildings with worked examples Brussels, 16 ‐17 October 2014 DESIGN OF COLUMNS y(x) N y(x) L 2 N y x N 0 N cr (z) 0 2 2 Ny dx d y E I L2 E I N cr Column Buckling Flexural buckling is in general the buckling mode, which govern the design of a member in pure c
structural design from an environ-ment based on national standards to one founded on the Structural Eurocodes. This is a far from trivial task. It therefore needs to be accepted by UK industry as a body, by its me
This European Standard EN 1993, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures, has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 « Structural Eurocodes », the Secretariat of which is held by BSI. CEN/TC250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes. This European Standard shall be given the status of a National Standard, either by publication of .
Syllabus for ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY II: CHEM:3120 Spring 2017 Lecture: Monday, Wednesday, Friday, 10:30-11:20 am in W128 CB Discussion: CHEM:3120:0002 (Monday, 9:30-10:20 AM in C129 PC); CHEM:3120:0003 (Tuesday, 2:00-2:50 PM in C129 PC); or CHEM:3120:0004 (Wednesday, 11:30-12:20 PM in C139 PC) INSTRUCTORS Primary Instructor: Prof. Amanda J. Haes (amanda-haes@uiowa.edu; (319) 384 – 3695) Office .