Implementation Of Eurocodes

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Implementation of Eurocodes –a regulatory perspective Er K Thanabal,Director,Building and Construction Authority6 Aug 2014

scope Eurocode implementation in S’pore Links between Eurocodes Product Standards, Accreditation/Certification Lateral Actions Brief overview of EC8 application in S’pore Ongoing Initiatives Concluding remarks

Eurocodeimplementation inS’pore

Building Standards in SingaporeOct 2006

the Eurocodes is it hereyet?2013Circular issued onEC implementation2006

Eurocode is here 25 Mar 2013

Eurocode is here Design basedon thestructuralEurocodesacceptedfrom 1 Apr2013onwards

Eurocode is here StructuralEurocodeswill bemandatorywef 1 Apr2015projects with ST01 submission from1 Apr 2015 onwards will have to beEurocodes

Eurocode is here to stay 1 Apr 20131 Apr 20152 yrs coexistenceperiodSS/BSSS/BSECEC

Approved Document ApprovedDocumentupdated (ver5.0 Apr 2013)SS / BSEurocodes

Co-existence period the same standard shall be usedthrough the building designno mixing ofstandards

Overview of the Eurocodes NAs applicable code Reftitleno. of parts no. of NA to SS ENSS EN 1990Basis of structural design11SS EN 1991Actions of structure99SS EN 1992Design of concrete structures44SS EN 1993Design of steel structures2014SS EN 1994Design of composite steel and concrete33structuresSS EN 1995Design of timber structures**SS EN 1996Design of masonry structures**SS EN 1997Geotechnical design22SS EN 1998Design of structures for earthquake11**4034resistanceSS EN 1999Design of aluminium structuresTOTAL

Overview of the Eurocodes NAs applicable code Reftitleno. of parts no. of NA to SS ENSS EN 1990Basis of structural design11SS EN 1991Actions of structure99SS EN 1992Design of concrete structures44SS EN 1993Design of steel structures2014SS EN 1994Design of composite steel and concrete33structuresSS EN 1995Design of timber structures**SS EN 1996Design of masonry structures**SS EN 1997Geotechnical design22SS EN 1998Design of structures for earthquake11**4034resistanceSS EN 1999Design of aluminium structuresTOTALSS EN 1998 – only part 1 applicable

Overview of the Eurocodes NAs applicable code Reftitleno. of parts no. of NA to SS ENSS EN 1990Basis of structural design11SS EN 1991Actions of structure99SS EN 1992Design of concrete structures44SS EN 1993Design of steel structures2014SS EN 1994Design of composite steel and concrete33structuresSS EN 1995Design of timber structures**SS EN 1996Design of masonry structures**SS EN 1997Geotechnical design22SS EN 1998Design of structures for earthquake11**4034resistanceSS EN 1999Design of aluminium structuresTOTALmasonry, aluminium - BS EN versions

Overview of the Eurocodes NAs applicable code Reftitleno. of parts no. of NA to SS ENSS EN 1990Basis of structural design11SS EN 1991Actions of structure99SS EN 1992Design of concrete structures44SS EN 1993Design of steel structures2014SS EN 1994Design of composite steel and concrete33structuresSS EN 1995Design of timber structures**SS EN 1996Design of masonry structures**SS EN 1997Geotechnical design22SS EN 1998Design of structures for earthquake11**4034resistanceSS EN 1999Design of aluminium structuresTOTALtimber – SPRING WG formed

links betweenEurocodes

3 key pillars of Eurocodes Eurocodesdesignexecutionproduct

3 key pillars of Eurocodes

3 key pillars of Eurocodes

3 key pillars of Eurocodes

Eurocode design standards Concrete Structural SteelGeotechnicalCompositeSeismic

Eurocode journey 2013Circular issued onEC implementation2006

no resting on laurels

the Eurocodes is it hereyet?2015 (D Day)Developmentof NAs200720062013Circular issued onEC implementationProduct Standards/Accreditation

Eurocode effort unsung heroes Since 2006, numerous SPRING WGs havereviewed the Eurocodes & UK National Annexes Appropriate modifications made to UK NationalAnnexes to suit Singapore’s conditions.with the development of our NAs

Eurocode effort unsung heroes Since 2006, numerous SPRING WGs havereviewed the Eurocodes & UK National Annexes Appropriate modifications made to UK NationalAnnexes to suit Singapore’s conditions.with the development of our NAs

ProductStandards structural steel

adoption of productstandards workbased on EC – ProductConformity/CEmarkstarted way back in2007 FPC system

BC1, what on earth is that ?

BC1: 2012 version Apr 2013

BC1: 2012 version BS 5950 and EC3Handbook withexplanatory notes

BC1: 2012 version update with new devpts inmaterial standards since2007 include new categories ofmaterials(bars & rods, sheet piles)

BC1: 2012 version include quality assurance reqts for “reused” struts and sheetpiles used inbracing of excavationsmaterial traceabilitymaterial re-usability

strut BC1:/sheetpilesuppliersto ensure2012version properin-houseinspectionandtesting includequalityassurancereqtsforplansin placeto ensuretraceabilityand“re-used”strutsand sheetpilesusedinre-usabilityof excavations;steel sectionsbracing ofmaterial traceability3rd party independent audits byInspection Bodiesmaterial re-usability

with these qualityassurance system inplace, these scenesshould never everbeen seen here

inferior material used

inferior material used

deformedand corroded

deformedstruts andwalers

deformedwaler

deformed horizontal strut

strut and sheetpilesuppliers with qualityassurance system inplace

large shelteredfabricationwork shopsquality controlvisiblyIn place

spacious yardswith properdemarcations

State-of-the-art equipmentin-house QAschemealready in place

room forimprovement

not a silver bullet

BC1: 2012 version design guide covers BS 5950 aswell as EC3 anda handbook that providesdetailed explanatory notes forBC1

ProductStandards structural concrete

Saving Gaia - Green concretemining of natural aggregates environmental degradation

Saving Gaia - Green concreteEurocode provides a codebased approach toencourage wider usage ofgreen concrete

SS EN 12620 – “Specification forAggregates for Concrete”Aug 2008

Saving Gaia - Green concretecurrent code SS 31 permitsaggregates fromnatural sources only SS EN 12620 is a step forward

Saving Gaia - Green concreteSS EN 12620 permitsaggregates from natural,recycled and manufacturedsources

Saving Gaia - Green concreterecycling, substitutions cement replacements(GGBS, fly-ash, silica fume)recycled concreteaggregates fromdemolition wastesand replacements (washedcopper slag, quarry dust)

green cements SS EN 206-1 has wider choiceof blended green cements by-products from other industries (GGBS,fly-ash )material that otherwise endup in landfills CEM I (OPC)

Saving Gaia - Green cementsblended green cementsto SS EN 206-1Portlandcementreplacement,%CEMAdditionI 0–5Silica fume6 – 10Fly ash6 – 20IIA21 – 35IIB-VFly ashIVB-V36 – 55IIB-S21 – 35IIIAIIIBGGBS36 – 6566 – 80

Saving Gaia - Green concreteconcrete cubes of 100mm x100mm can be used instead of150mm x 150mm

SS EN 206-1 – “Concrete –Specification, performance, productionand conformity”standard relating to the productionof structural concretethird-party certification of ReadyMixed Concrete (RMC) producersto ensure good quality concrete

SS EN 206-1 – “Concrete –Specification, performance, productionand conformity”SAC Certification Scheme forRMC to SS EN 206-1 developedand implemented

SS EN 206-1 – “Concrete –Specification, performance, productionand conformity”Sep 2010

SS EN 206-1 – “Concrete –Specification, performance, productionand conformity”For major building projects,structural concrete to beobtained from RMCs certifiedunder the SACCertification Scheme

Concrete design strength designbased on characteristiccylinder strength, fck (MPa)

Concrete design strengthconcrete class notationcharacteristic cylinder strength /characteristic cube strengtheg.C40/50cylinderstrengthcubestrength

Concrete design strengthEN1992-1-1: Clause 3.1.1 (2)PBS : 60C90/105maximumcube strength

Site Investigation (SI)practice

Accreditation of Site Investigation (SI) firmsenhance quality and standards ofSI practice here EC7 compliance basic competency framework forLicensed Specialist Builders (SI)Oct 2012

Lateral Actions

Wind actions

Limitations in WindCodes

limitations EN 1991-1-4:2009ht 200msubject to dynamicresponse criteria excludes: cable supported bridges torsional and higher modes of vibration

limitations EN 1991-1-4:2009wind tunneltesting (WTT)recommended !!!subject to dynamicresponse criteria

Wind tunnel circularJan 2014

CRITERIA FOR WIND TUNNEL TESTSheight 200mfrequency 0.2 HzHighrise or Slender

CRITERIA FOR WIND TUNNEL TESTSLowrise with complex shape and formcomplex or irregular roof structures which arenot exhaustively covered by prescriptive windcodes

Buildings taller than 200m240m240m245m

Slender buildingsBuilding/structure with fundamental frequencies 0.2HzT1 5.04sT1 8.78s1st modef 0.2Hz orT 5s

Complex/irregular roof shapes

CRITERIA FOR WIND TUNNEL TESTSLimitation of loads derived from wind tunneltestslateral Wind Action from WTT for use instructural design 80% of those determined code-basedempirical approaches

GeometricImperfectionEffects & NotionalLoad

Imperfections the real world is farfrom perfect !!!

Lateral Actions Geometric imperfections (GI) generally ranges from 0.25% 0.5% of (DL LL) considered in addition to Wind LoadsEC2EC3

Lateral Actions Load combinations @ ULS (Concrete)aNHLGIE 1.5%(unfactored DL)geometric imperfection effects

Lateral Actions Load combinations @ ULS (Steel)bNHLc NHLGIE 0.5%(factored DL factored IL)1.0%(factored DL)geometric imperfection effects

Lateral Actions EC1 Part 1-4Wind load – NA to SS EN 1991-1-4very Important note

Lateral Actions EC1 Part 1-4Wind load – NA to SS EN 1991-1-4all buildings designed to resist 1.5%characteristic dead weightdesign ultimate windload not lesser than

Lateralloadsultimate wind load 1.5%(unfactoredDL)appliedin all theThe effects of imperfectionload combinations is applicable for allbuildings types (i.e. of concrete, structuralsteel or composite construction).In load combinations where wind load isconsidered, the governing of the two, i.e. thelarger of the 1.5%(unfactored DL) and ultimatewind load will be adopted in thesecombinations.

brief overview ofEurocode 8application inSingapore

Eurocode 8

only Part 1 of EN 1998applicable in Singapore(DCL design and detailing)

Seismic Design Requirements for S’pore applicable to new high-rise bldgs ( 20m) onprescribed ground type classes (classifiedmethodology by EC8 which is site-specific) also applicable to high-rise bldgs ( 20m)undergoing very major A&A on prescribedground type classes.

Seismic Design Requirements for S’pore not applicable for bridges, undergroundstructures and tunnels consideration for liquefaction – notneeded

Seismic Design RequirementsBuilding height, H determined according to Clause 2.Building height, H 20 metres?YNSeismic Action need not be considered in designGround Type within building footprint determined according to Clause 2. Ordinary building on Ground Type Class “D” or “S1”? or Special building on Ground Type Class “C”, “D” or “S1”?YNSeismic Action need not be considered in designSeismic Action determined according to Clause 3 and Clause 4 using where appropriate, either Lateral Force Analysis Method according to Clause 4.4 or Modal Response Spectrum Analysis Method according to Clause 4.5.Building analysed according to combination of actions in Clause 5 andfoundation design carried out according to Clause 6 Drift limitation check according to Clause 7 and Minimum structural separation check according to Cause 8Flowchart from BC3: 2013

Seismic Design RequirementsBuilding height, H determined according to Clause 2.height 20 mBuilding height, H 20 metres?YNSeismic Action need not be considered in designGround Type within building footprint determined according to Clause 2. Ordinary building on Ground Type Class “D” or “S1”? or Special building on Ground Type Class “C”, “D” or “S1”?YNSeismic Action need not be considered in designSeismic Action determined according to Clause 3 and Clause 4 using where appropriate, either Lateral Force Analysis Method according to Clause 4.4 or Modal Response Spectrum Analysis Method according to Clause 4.5.Building analysed according to combination of actions in Clause 5 andfoundation design carried out according to Clause 6 Drift limitation check according to Clause 7 and Minimum structural separation check according to Cause 8Flowchart from BC3: 2013

Seismic Design RequirementsBuilding height, H determined according to Clause 2.Building height, H 20 metres?YNSeismic Action need not be considered in designGround Type within building footprint determined according to Clause 2. Ordinary building on Ground Type Class “D” or “S1”? or Special building on Ground Type Class “C”, “D” or “S1”?YNSeismic Action need not be considered in designSeismic Action determined according to Clause 3 and Clause 4 using where appropriate, either Lateral Force Analysis Method according to Clause 4.4 or“Ordinary bldgs” on Ground Types “D” and “S1” or“Special bldgs” on Ground Types “C”, “D” and “S1” Modal Response Spectrum Analysis Method according to Clause 4.5.Building analysed according to combination of actions in Clause 5 andfoundation design carried out according to Clause 6 Drift limitation check according to Clause 7 and Minimum structural separation check according to Cause 8Flowchart from BC3: 2013

Seismic Design RequirementsBuilding height, H determined according to Clause 2.Building height, H 20 metres?YNSeismic Action need not be considered in designGround Type within building footprint determined according to Clause 2. Ordinary building on Ground Type Class “D” or “S1”? or Special building on Ground Type Class “C”, “D” or “S1”?YNSeismic Action need not be considered in designSeismic Action determined according to Clause 3 and Clause 4 using where appropriate, either Lateral Force Analysis Method according to Clause 4.4 or“Ordinary bldgs” on Ground Types “D” and “S1” or“Special bldgs” on Ground Types “C”, “D” and “S1” Modal Response Spectrum Analysis Method according to Clause 4.5.Building analysed according to combination of actions in Clause 5 andfoundation design carried out according to Clause 6 Drift limitation check according to Clause 7 and Minimum structural separation check according to Cause 8hospitals, fire stations, civil defenceinstallations, GovtMinistryandFlowchartfrom BC3:offices2013institutional blds

Seismic Design Requirements

BC3 and worked examplecan be downloaded fromBCA’s web-page

3-2013.pdfworked s/BC3-2013 cal.pdfunderscore

ongoinginitiatives

steel rebars

Characteristic yield strength - rebarsSS CP 65Reinforcement gm 1.15fy 460 N/mm2Table 3.1(Note 1)EN 1992-1-1EC2 Table 2.1NReinforcement gS 1.15fyk 500 N/mm2 BS4449 Table 4EN 10080SpecifyingreinforcementBS 4449SpecifyingReinforcementEN 1992Design of concretestructures

Characteristic yield strength - rebarsSS CP 65Reinforcement gm 1.15fy 460 N/mm2SPRING WG reviewingTable 3.1(600?)(Note 1)EN 1992-1-1EC2 Table 2.1NReinforcement gS 1.15fyk 500 N/mm2 BS4449 Table 4EN 10080SpecifyingreinforcementBS 4449SpecifyingReinforcementEN 1992Design of concretestructures

cast steelcomponents

failed connector

Standing Committee on Structural Safety– MAJOR CAST METAL COMPONENTSFeb 2010

Standing Committee on Structural Safety– MAJOR CAST METAL COMPONENTSkey structural qualities :strength, ductility,toughness, weldability andmachineabilityFeb 2010

Standing Committee on Structural Safety– MAJOR CAST METAL COMPONENTSSCOSS note highlights keyaspects to be considered indesign, procurement,supervsion/testing and qualityof end product to avoid“unintended consequences”Feb 2010

casting may be subjected to internalflawsandappropriatenondestructive examination regimeshould be specified. specimens need to be taken forchemical and strength analysis.

Jul 2012

more of such cast steel applications infuture

Provision in EC3- cast steel product standards BS EN 10293 (Steel Castings for GeneralEngineering Uses) BS EN 10340 (Steel Castings for StructuralUses)BS EN 1559 - Founding Technicalconditions of delivery Part 2:Additional requirements for steelcastings

Provision in EC3- cast steel inspection specifications BS EN 1369 (Founding - magnetic particletesting) BS EN 12680examination)(Founding-ultrasonic BS EN 12681 (Founding - radiographicexamination)

Approved Document akan datang Structural Steel extgreqts(vii) Steel Casting for General Engineering Uses – BS EN10239(viii) Steel Casting for Structural Uses – BS EN 10340(ix) Founding – Technical condition of delivery – BS EN1559:1 and 2(x) Founding – Utrasonic examination – BS EN 12680:1 to 2(xi) Founding – Radiographic examination – BS EN12681:2003(xii) Founding – Magnetic particle testing – BS EN 1369:2012newreqtsto beadded

Approved Document akan datang Structural Steel extgreqts(vii) Steel Casting for General Engineering Uses – BS EN10239(viii) Steel Casting for Structural Uses – BS EN 10340(ix) Founding – Technical condition of delivery – BS EN1559:1 and 2(x) Founding – Utrasonic examination – BS EN 12680:1 to 2(xi) Founding – Radiographic examination – BS EN12681:2003(xii) Founding – Magnetic particle testing – BS EN 1369:2012newreqtsto beadded

Execution Standard– Steel Structures

EN 1090, Execution Standard forSteel Structureshas provisions for factory prodtncontrols for steel fabricators anderectors with key reqts of welding quality managementsystem and a responsiblewelding coordinator

EN 1090, Execution Standard forSteel Structuresa SPRING Standards Workgroupis now looking at how we couldadopt such reqts to improve thequality of our steelworks

Eurocode steel andcomposite handy designspreadsheets SSSSSep 2014

Practice Notes onEC7 GeoSSSep 2014

concludingremarks

D-Day’s almost here Apr 1, 2015still not too late let’shasten our preparation

Thank youWe shape a safe, high quality, sustainable and friendly built environment.

SS EN 1992 Design of concrete structures 4 4 SS EN 1993 Design of steel structures 20 14 SS EN 1994 Design of composite steel and concrete structures 3 3 SS EN 1995 Design of timber structures * * SS EN 1996 Design of masonry structures * * SS EN 1997 Geotechnical design 2 2 SS EN 1998 Design of structures for earthquake

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