DOCUMENT RESUME TITLE Managing Highway Maintenance:

MAINTENANCE STANDARDJOINT AND CRACK FILLINGApril 11,1912DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSECleaning and filling with liquid sedant, asphalt surface cracks which are greaterthan 4-inch wide.SCHEDULING :TYPE OF ACTIVITY :Schedule this work when thetemperature is not expectedto be above 50 F.Routine MaintenanceCHEW/EQUIPMENTRecommended Crew Size :ACCOMPLISHMENT7Work Unit :Gallon of sealant(Add flagmen as needed.)Daily Production :Equipment :DescriptionNo.2111TrucksTruckAsphalt kettle(600 or 300 as avail.)CompressorGroup03023619100-250 gallonsAverage Productivity : 0.4 man-hours/gallonof sealantMATERIALSealantSand or 31C (3/8" stone maximum)(Flashing arrow, truck or trailer mounted,may be added as needed for traffic control .)RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE :1.Before filling, clean cracks with air compressor.2.Apply sealant heated to the specified application temperature.3.Fill cracks to within *4 inch of the top of the surface to allow for expansion,4.To prevent tracking, blot with sand or 3/8" stonejoint or crack.CRITERIONONLY CRACKS GREATER THANWILL BE FILLED.14depending on width ofINCH (PENCIL DIAMETER)

MAINTENANCE STANDARDREMOVE/REPLACE CONCRETE PAVEMENTActivityApril 17,1972NO,102DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE:Removal of broken concrete slabs and replacement with compacted soils and premixmaterial to achieve a level surface.TYPE OF ACTIVITY :SCHEDULING :Schedule primarily during summer,but perform as needed,Emergency MaintenanceACCOMPLISHMENTCREW/EQUIPMENTRecommended Crew size :6work Soli :Lane foot(Add flagmen as needed.)DescriptionNO.316-22 lane feetDaily Production :Equipment :TrucksPOOPAverage PrOduCtiVily :0338Front-end loader19Aircompressor115Steel roller115Vibratory compactor1(Flashing arrow, truck or trailer mounted,may be added as needed for traffic control.)3.0 man-hours/lanefootMATERIAL1PremixBond Coat AE-3Gravel 23-ASandRECOMMENDED PROCEDURE .1.Remove full depth concrete slab for each lane width.a. Use pavement breaker or air hammer to break up slab.b. If a saw is used, cut the surface to a minimum depth of 21".2.3.4.Cut and remove reinforcing rod where needed.5.Fill the hole:Remove all large broken concrete from hole.Perform necessary minor base repair.a. Gravel or bituminous base course -- maximum 3" layers, compacted.b. Prime exposed edges of slab as necessary.c. Place premix material in layers of 2" each, and complete with a wearingcourse on top. Compact layers separately. The finished surface should b.flush with adjacent pavement and in line with pavem.Int edge.NOTES:(1) Minimum thickness of bituminous material when complete, should notbe less than 21%(2)Remove debris as necessary.(3)Pavement sawing is performed under Activity 119, Other Surface andShoulder Maintenance.WYM

MAINTENANCE STANDARDPREMIX PATCHINGApril 17,1972Activity No,'103DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE :Hand-tool patching with bituminous premix material to collect scattered potholes,edge failures and severe depressions, to eliminate potential surface hazards,SCHEDULING :TYPE OF ACTIVITY :Schedule as necessary.Emergency MaintenanceCREW/EQUIPMENTACCOMPLISHMENTRecommended Cm Site :2Work Unit :Ton of premix(Add flagmen as needed)DescriptionNo.12-4 tonsDaily Production :Equipment :GroupTruckAVera0 PrOdUCIIVNY :035.0 man-hours/tonof premixMATERIALPremixBond Coat AE3RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE :1.Remove loose or broken material.2.Square up the area and make any vertical cuts needed.3.Tack the area.4.Place premix5.Tamp each layer.6.Check the finished surface,7.Broom loose, excess material.in layers.-10-

MAINTENANCE STANDARDSPOT SEALINGActivity No.April 11,1972104lialMar0101110111114,DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE:Surface sealing with liquid asphalt and aggregate to protect the existing surface, toadd skid resistance and to seal open cracks.TYPE OF ACTIVITY :SCHEDULIND .Special AuthorityDo not schedule during winter months.Recommended Crew Size :8Work Unit :(Add flagmen as needed.)3Description11Power broom1GroupDump trucksAsphalt distributorRollerChip spreader1Lane mileDaily Production rage Productivity : 25.0 man-hours/lane043710mileMATERIAL15402-3 lane milesLiquid asphaltGravel 31-CRECOMMENDED PROCEDURE :1.CorreQt distorted or settled areas before sealing.2.Sweep all loose debris from pavement.3.Apply liquid asphalt heated to proper temperature. Work one lane at atime, (Application rate of .25 gal. per square yard)4.Apply cover material with mechanical spreader immediately.(Application rate of 23 pounds of stone per square yard,)5.Roll entire sealed area.6.Remove excess stone from pavement if necessary,

MAINTENANCE STANDARDBITUMINOUS SURFACE REPLACEMENTActivity No. 105April 11,1912DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE :Removal and disposal of bituminous surfacing from deteriorated areas and replacementwith premix material -- to correct broken and crumbled surface.SCHEDULING :TYPE OF ACTIVITYSchedule according to schedulingcalendar.Routine MaintenanceACCOMPLISHMENTCREW /EQUIPMENTRecommended Crew Size7Work Unit :Ton of premix(Add flagmen as needed.)No.Description3Trucks1Asphalt kettle1156-70 tonsDaily Production :Equipment :RollerMotor graderGroup"Average Productivity : 0.9 man-hours/tof premix0436MATERIAL15PremixBond Coat AE-332RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE :1.Break up and remove the old surface material from the cracked or brokenarea .2.Shape up the hole and trim edges back into good solid surface with verticalsides.3.Apply a tack coat of liquid bituminous material.4.Place premix in the hole, first around the sides, then toward the center, inlayers not to exceed 3 inches in depth.5.Compact each layer before placing the next.6.Shape the final layer until it is smooth and level with the surroundingsurface.7.Broom loose, excess material from roadway surface.MIIN'.)A 8

MAINTENANCE STANDARDPATCHING BASEActivity No.April 17,197211 L,DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE:Repair of base or subgrade ;ailures under bituminous pavements through the excavationof unsatisfactory material and replacement with concrete, aggregate or other materialto correct possible hazards and to preserve the roadway.TYPE OF ACTIVITY :SCHEDULING :Schedule primarily during summer.Routine MaintenanceACCOMPLISHMENTCREW /EQUIPMENTRecommended Crew Size :7Work Unit :Cubic yard of material(Add flagmen as needed.)Daily MOOR :Equipment :No.DescriptionDIN45-50 cubic yardsAverage Productivity : 1.2 man-hours/cubicyyard of material3111Dump trucks03Pickup truckGradallRubber-tire roller01MATERIAL1116Crushed concrete, pit-run gravel oraggregateRECOMMENDED PROCEDURE :1.Cut out surface failures with Gradall or other suitable equipment.2.Remove unsatisfactory base or 4ubgrade material.3.Load unsatisfactory material into truck, haul away and dispose atpredesignated area.4.If water under the pavement caused failure, build a small trench outto the ditch and fill with coarse granular material before resurfacing.5.Place new base material in layers in cut-out section.6.Compact each layer with hand tamps and roller.7.Compact the final layer until it is level with the surrounding base.8.Replace surfacing as under Activity No. 105.-13-

041MAINTENANCE STANDARDSPOT PATCHING SHOULDERSActivity NO.April 17,1972112DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE :Patching of non-paved shoulders, to include edge rutting and minor repair.TYPE OF ACTIVITY :SCHEDULING :Schedule this work as an alternateactivity. Perform during rainy weather.Routine MaintenanceACCOMPLISHMENTCREW/EQUIPMENTRecommended Crew Size :2Work Unit:12.9-4.5 cubic yardsDaily Production :Equipment :NO,Cubic yard of materialDescriptionGroupTruckAverage Productivity :034.5 man-hours/cubicyard of materialMATERIALPitrun gravelRECOMMENDED PROCEDURE :1.Spread pit-run gravel from truck.2.Hand rake until level with surroundinc shoulder.A.

MAINTENANCE STANDARDRESHAPING SHOULDERSActivity No.April 17,1912113manowereemileimlnlimmemlwDESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE:Blading and shaping of non-paved shoulders without additional materialto keepthe shoulder flush with the pavement, smooth out ruts and provide the proper grade.TYPE OF ACTIVITY :SCHEDULING :Schedule during spring and fall.Routine MaintenanceACCOMPLISHMENTCREW/EQUIPMENTRecommended Crew Size :IWork Unit :17-9 pass milesDaily Production :Equipment :No.pass miteDescriptionMotor graderGroupAverage Productivity :321.0 man-hour/passmileMATERIALNoneRECOMMENDED PROCEDURE :1.Perform routine binding with outside corner of the blade flush with orslightly above existing shoulder grade.2.Remove all material from the pavement surface and spread withoutleaving a windrow.NOTES:to take advantage ofnatural moisture on the shoulders, to ensure compaction.(1) Blading should be scheduled(2) See training guide for additional work procedures.11.-15.

MAINTENANCE STANDARDOTHER SURFACE AND SHOULDER MAINTENANCEApril 17,1972Activity N0.119DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE:Other surface and shoulder maintenance activities not covered by Activities 101-113.See list of activities below.SCHEDULINO :TYPE OF ACTIVITY :Schedule as required.Routine MaintenanceCREWIEOUIPMENTRecommended Crew Site :ACCOMPLISHMENT(as required)Man-hourN/A.Daily Production :Equipment :No.Work Unit :Descriptionar 1111Average Pronuctivity :(as required)N/A.,MATERIAL(as required)RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE :OTHER SURFACE AND SHOULDER MAINTENANCE includes:Temporary repairs, including blowups.CRITERION: As blowup is discovered, sweep up debris.if pavement is heaved, relieve pressure when possible;and complete temporary (emergency) patch as soon aspossible. (Overtime is authorized.) At first opportunity,complete with permanent patch.Bump burningCleaning holes with compressorSawing concrete prior to performing Activity 102.Frost boringPremix leveling to correct surface irregularities.4 7 r)fr.0%te

MAINTENANCE STANDARDTREE REMOVAL.120Activity No.April 17,19724,.,DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE :Removal of trees greater than 8" in diameter (except stumps), including cleanup toensure that the remaining stump is not hazardous to cars that leave the roadway.TYPE OF ACTIVITY :SCHEDULING :Schedule as fill-in work.Routine MaintenanceACCOMPLISHMENTCREW/EQUIPMENTRecommended Crew Site :5WON(Add flagmen as needed.)nil:Inch (of diameter) of tree.Daily ProductionEquipment :No.11121DescriptionTruckTruckLoaderOne-man chain sawsTwo-man. chain saw.Group.100-140 inches (burning)110 -130 inches (hauling)Average Productivity :0302380'3an) of treeMATERIALNone./.arma.RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE :1.If necessary, remove branches before felling a tree.2.If necessary, attach a line to ensure proper direction of fall.3.Cut and fell the tree, then clear the roadway of debris as required.4.If on-site burning is possible, ensure it is done well off the roadway.If burning is unsafe or impossible on site, haul wood for burning ordisposal to an authorized area. The burning of trees, logs, brush andstumps in rural areas should be done only where it does not create anuisance, fire or health hazard and does not restrict traffic vision.(See Note 2 be5.If required, recut the stump as close to the ground as possible.NOTES:(1) Contact property owner if tree is not on Department right-of-way.(2) Permits are required in some areas for open burning.NEVER use tires, plastics and similar materials to help start fires.

MAINTENANCE STANDARDSTUMP REMOVALApril 17,1972Activity No.121DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE:Removal of tree stumps to eliminate potential roadside hazards and improve theappeararic,:of the roadside.SCHEDULING :TYPE OF ACTIVITY :Schedule as fill-in work.Routine MaintenanceCREW/EQUIPMENTRecommended Crew Size :ACCOMPLISHMENT2WON( Unit :Each stump4-7 stumpsDaily Production :Equipment :DescriptionNo.PickupStump chipper11GroupAverage PrOdUCliVilY3.0 man-hours/stump02MATERIAL17TopsoilGrass seedMulch011111111-0RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE :1.(Remove stump with stump chipper to 6" below final ground elevation.2.Remove stump chips.3.Backfill area with suitable topsoil.4.Seed and mulch area.CAUTION:Stump chippers should be operated only by adequatelytrained personnel wearing appropriate safety apparel.IIISPIIMMININ11111111111111V- 1 8.

MAINTENANCE STANDARDCLEAN DRAINAGE STRUCTURESActivity No.April 11,181211,1812122DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE :Cleaning of catch basins, culverts and manholes by removal of accumulated dirtand debris to ensure proper drainage.TYPE OF ACTIVITY :SCHEDULING :All drainage structures will be cleanedonce annually with a second cleaningperformed if necessary. Check schedulingcalendar,Routine MaintenanceACCOMPLISHMENTCREW /EQUIPMENTRecommended Crew Size :2Work Unit :Each structure18-27 structuresDaily Production :Equipment :No.Descrip11011DOWAverage PrOdUCIIIIY:0,9 man-hours/struct.Mechanical1Sewer rooterMATERIAL16NoneManual031Truck(A truck-mounted flashing arrow should beused where traffic conditions warrant.RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE :MECHANICAL1.After removing and cleaning cover, check depth of solid debris to determinewhat cleaning is necessary.2.3.4.As required, loosen solids with water pressure (agitator).Check interior for sewer gas and then check the condition of the structure.Carefully clean ring seat before replacing cover.MANUAL1.Following removal and cleaning of cover, remove solid debris with a longhandled shovel.2.If the structure is deep, check for sewer gas prior to entering structure.Use the rope and pail technique for further removal of debris.Conduct a visual inspection of the structure interior to determine if furthercleaning or repair is necessary.3.4.Carefully clean ring seat before replacing cover.,---

MAINTENANCE STANDARDFULL-WIDTH LITTER PICKUPApril 17,1972DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE :Scheduled litter pickup of the full width of right -of -way to remove unsightly orhazardous objects.SCHEDULING :TYPE OF ACTIVITY :The litter pickup of the full width is toRoutine Maintenancebe performed once a year.Check the schedulin calendar.CREW/EQUIPMENTRecommended Crew Size :ACCOMPLISHMENT2-3Work Unit :R/W less than 100 feet3 -- RAN greater than 100 feet2Daily Production :Equipment :No.1Pass mileDescriptionTruckGroup4-6 pass milesAverage Productivity : 4.0 man-hours/passmile03MATERIALNoneRECOMMENCED PROCEDURE :1.Collect small debris with containers.2.Place large items directly on truck.3.Cover truck box to contain litter when necessary.4.Dispose of litter at designated areas.-20-

MAINTENANCE STANDARDCLEAN AND RESHAPE DITCHESActivity No.April 17,1972124DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSECleaning and reshaping roadway ditches to restore the original flow line and grade;to include loading, hauling and disposal of ditch sediment.04M0*OSIVAMIIMO 1.1wbermeoTYPE OF ACTIVITY :SCHEDULING :Check scheduling calendar.Special AuthorityACCOMPLISHMENTCREW/EQUIPMENTRecommended Crew Size :6Work Unit:Ditch mile(Add flagmen as needed.)Daily Production :Equipment :No,DescriptionGroup0.2- 0.4 milesAverage Productivity: 160 man-hours/ditchmile311TrucksFront-end loaderMotor grader0438MATERIAL31NoneRECOMMENDED PROVAME :1.Provi3e, adequate outlet for water, establish flowline of ditch, andprovide dumping spot for dirt removed.2.Remove excess dirt with grader and windrow on shoulder for pickup byloader. Keep interference with traffic at a minimum.3.Do not cut V-bottom ditches. Six-foot, flat-bottom ditches are minimumrequirements.4.Dress, mulch and seed slopes as needed for erosion cootmi.14,.

MAINTENANCE STANDARDMACHINE MOWINGApril 17,1972Activity No.126DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE :Machine mowing (except guardrail or slope mowing) to accomplish neat, uniformroadside grassy,area.SCHEDULING :TYPE OF ACTIVITY :Schedule according to thescheduling calendar.Routine MaintenanceCREW/EQUIPMENTRecommended Crew Size :ACCOMPLISHMENT1,Work Unit :(See note below.)Daily Production :Equipment :DescriptionNo.Mower1Acre7-9 acresGroupAverage Productivity : 1.0 man-hours/acre05MATERIALor1Mower061Service Truck08NoneRECOMMENDED PROCEDURE .Mowing is machine-paced. Each mower should work independently, butshould remain within visual contact of other mowers.1.Each garage should compute the number of acres to be mowed and developa plan for mowing.2.Designate a specific area of work for each type of mower on any sectionso as to reduce turning, unnecessary passes and mower congestion. Whenmaking assignments, consider the following: Fifteen-foot rotary mowers (single-unit with bat wings) work beston the wider areas where few obstructions exist. Assign these mowerswhere they can mow one, three, five and other odd number passes. Single-unit rotary mowers, 8-foot and under, work best on wideshoulders and foreslopf s and for Mowing around signs, ramps, etc.Sickle-bar mowers bmically are less productive and work best formowing around obstmctions, on narrow shoulders, "V" ditches, etc. NOTE: Add 1 to 3 mowers and men to the basic equipment and crew size -- wheneverthe mowable width and type of terrain indicate that a section of roadside canbest be mowed by a team of 2 to 4 mowers.

MAINTENANCE STANDARDREPLACE STEEL BEAM. GUARDRAILActivity No.April 11,19721304.,.DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE:Replacement of damaged steel beam guardrail sections, posts and hardware, andrealignment as a result of traffic accidents as well as routine replacement needs.---.TYPE OF ACTIVITY :SCHEDULING :Scheduling of guardrail repairhas top priority.Emergency MaintenanceACCOMPLISHMENTCREW /EQUIPMENTRecommended Crew Size :3Work Unit:Lineal foot of guardrail(Add flagmen as needed.)Daily ProductionEquipment :DescriptionNo,Group:26-48 lineal feetAverage Productivity : 0.6 man-hours/linealfoot of guardrail03Truck1Chain sawUnder frost conditions, add one compressor.1Equipment for larger jobs to include:generator, post-hole auger, compressor, orfront-end loader as needed.MATERIALBeam sections; straight and/or curvedend shoes.Treated timber or steel posts andhardware.RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE :1.Survey damage and draw necessary repair materials from stores.2.After removing parts damaged beyond repair, replace parts:3.a.Realign loose posts and compact earth around them.b.Install new posts to depth of 4 feet.c.Install hardware according to standard plan.Clean up debris and regrade shoulders-23- 29necessary.

MAINTENANCE STANDARDSWEEPING AND FLUSHINGApril 17,1972DESCRIPTION AND PURPOSE :Routine mechanical sweeping to remove loose material. Includes the sweeping ofcurbs, gutters and roadway.TYPE OF ACTIVITY :SCHEDULING :Schedule during the summer months.Routine Maintenance

Pickup truck --ton Pickup truck -- 6-passenger Dump truck -- 25,000 GVW Dump truck -- 32,000 GVW Farm tractor -- with sickle bar Farm tractor with 15' rotary Utility backhoe--buckets Service truck --ton 1 3 3 1 3 1 2 09 Truck tractor diesel 10 Farm tractor -- with power broom 1 11 Gradall 1