Sandhyarani Et Al; A Critical Analysis Of Netra Kriya Kalpa
REVIEW ARTICLEISSN 2456-0170A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF NETRA KRIYA KALPA1Dr Sandhya Rani. D 2Dr Partha sarathy Kulkarni1Reader, Dept, of Shalakya Tantra, JSS Ayurveda Medical College, Mysuru-Karnataka2Physician, Arvinda Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka-IndiaABSTRACTAyurveda is one of the oldest medical sciences in the world. It says sarvendriyanamnayanam pradhanam. That is eyes are the most important organ in human body and so careshould be taken to protect them. In classical texts of Ayurveda, Shalakya Tantra is aspecialized branch, where Netra rachana, kriya shareera, Netra roga nidana, samprapthiand chikitsa have been explained in detail. Great Acharyas of Ayurveda have given anelaborative description not only about curative but also about preventive aspects of eyediseases. Netra kriya kalpas are the main therapeutic procedures that are explained for bothmanagement and prevention of eye diseases. In this article an effort has been made toanalyse the mode of action of netra kriya kalpas.KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Shalakya Tantra, Netra kriya kalpa, Therapeutic proceduresINTRODUCTIONEyes are the finest gift of god tomankind; the world appears beautifulthrough the vision which he perceivesthrough his eyes .without eyes the wholeworld appears dark, however rich orsophisticated he may be. For a blind man theday and night makes no difference.The importance of netra among allsense organ is well known to mankind.Ayurveda quotes ‘Sarvendriyanam nayanampradhanam” indicating the significance ofeyes1. Shalakya Tantra is a branch ofAstanga Ayurveda which deals with thestudy of eyes, ears, nose, oral cavity, headand neck. It includes rachana and kriyashareera of urdwa-jatrugatha avayavas, withthe nidana, samprapthi, chikitsa and640www.ayurpub.compreventive aspects of diseases of theseorgans2.To maintain the health of eyes, ourAcharyas have explained some tropicaltreatments to eyes called as Netra KriyaKalpanas. Kriya kalpa is a two letter word.The word kriya means therapeutic actionand kalpana means specific formulations. SoNetra Kriya Kalpana means Specificformulations having specific therapeuticaction on Eyes3. In Ayurvedic SamhithaAcharyas has quoted many kriya kalpayogas for eyes rather than internalmedications 4,5,6The Netra kriya Kalpanas mentionedby different Acharyas are as follows;Nov-Dec 2017 Vol II, Issue 5
Sandhyarani et al; A Critical Analysis of Netra Kriya KalpaTable – 1- Showing Netra kriya Kalpanas mentioned by different AcharyaSL naTarpana5PutapakaPutapaka6Pindi7BidalakaThe details of kriya kalpas with theirII. AASCHOTANA 8:probable mode of action has been discussedInstillation of few drops of medicines to thehere.open eye from a height of 2 angula is called7as Aschotana.I. SEKAIt is indicated in acute condition of theINDICATIONS: Aschotana is the first linediseases. Medicated liquids are poured onof treatment in the eye diseases. Aschotanaclosed eye lids in a thin and continuousis contraindicated in night & should be donestream from 4" height, for a specific time,only during day time:according to dosha. After the treatment, eyesMorning in Kaphaja diseasesshould be washed or cleansed with LukeAfternoon in pittaja diseaseswarm water and advised not to see the brightEvening in vataja diseasesthings and not to take kapha vridhikaraBENEFITS: This will relieveahara and vihara.Ruk, todha - Painful conditionsINDICATIONS: In the acute condition, itKandu - Scratchingcan be done at any time, like burningKharsha - Irritation or foreign bodysensation of eyes, dry eyes, watery eyes,sensation in eyes.itchy eyes, conjunctivitis, foreign bodyAsru - Excessive watering.sensation in eyes.Dhaha - Burning sensation of eyes.Benefits:Raga - Redness or congestion.1. Roga nivrutti (relieved from disease)Paka, sopha - Features of inflammation in2. Swabhavika Varna (getting natural coloreyes.to eyes)PROBABLE MODE OF ACTION: The3. Karya padutwam (perfectness in thedrug mixes with tears, distributes uniformlyfunction of the part)over the eyes, giving lubrication, soothaning4. Vedhana santhi (relief from pain etc.)and surface protection to eyes.PROBABLE MODE OF ACTION: AsIII. PINDI OR KAVALIKA ORmedicine is poured over the eyelidsPINDIKA9continuously for a specific time, it helps toPindi is the modification of bidalaka. Insteadimprove the circulation locally therebyof directly applying the pastes to the eyelid,reduces the inflammation and strengthensthey are packed in thick cotton cloth & arethe muscles, nerves of eyes.kept tightly over the eyelids.641www.ayurpub.comNov-Dec 2017 Vol II, Issue 5
Sandhyarani et al; A Critical Analysis of Netra Kriya KalpaIV. BIDALAKA10: Bidalaka is theapplication of medicated paste to the outersurface of the eye lids. The indications andactions of both Pindi and Bidalaka are same.IndicationsDhaha - BurningUpadheha - Discharges in eyes.Asru - Excessive tearsSopha - SwellingRaga - Redness/CongestionTodha/Bheda/Ruk - Different types of painKandu – Itching sensation of eyes.Kharsha - Foreign body sensationAfter the application of medicines,following measures are contraindicated. Excessive speaking, jokes, anger, grief,weeping etc. Wandering under the sun Day sleepOtherwise they may produce complicationslike itching/dryness of the skin, peenasa anddisturb vision.PROBABLE MODE OF ACTION: Thedrug is obserbed through the skin of eyelids,leeding to vasodilatation and improvescirculation.V. ANJANA 11:Application of medicine to the internalsurface of lid margin from kaneenaka sandhito apanga sandhi, with anjana salaka isknown as anjana.INDICATIONS:In pitta pradhana - tikta-kashaya rasaIn kapha pradhana - katu-tikta kashaya rasaIn rakta pradhana - kashaya-tikta rasaBENIFITS: Anjana scrapes and expels thedosha from netra, vartma, sira, netra kotha,and asru vaha srotas, through the mouth,nose, and eye. It is also used for dushtiprasadhana (improvement of vision), and to642www.ayurpub.comremove the roughness of dushti (dushtisnehana)In vata roga at evening, pitta roga at nightsand in kapha roga morning anjana has to bedone.PROBABLE MODE OF ACTION: Thedrug penetrates through the conjunctiva,increases the lacrimal secretions andimproves the circulation.VI .NETRA TARPANA12:It is one among seven kriya kalpa; it givesnourishment to the eyes and cures the vatapitta vikara (preventive as well as curativeaspects).INDICATIONS: TamyataAbhikhata StabdataKatina vartma KrichronmeelaRookshata Vata pitta vikaraSushkata JihvataSirotpata Sira harshaArjuna AbhishyandaAnyatovata Vata paryayaSeerna pakshma AdhimandaSukra rogaSamyak tarpita lakshana1. Prakasa kshamatha (tolerance to light)2. Swasthyam (health)3. Vishada netram (lightness in the eyes)4. Laghu lochana (sound sleep)5. Swabhavika nidra (normal color andcomplexion of the parts)6. Swabhavika Varna of netra anga (normalcolour and complexion of the parts)7. Vyadhi nivaaranam (health gain)8. Lagutva in nimeshonmeshanam (easy inclosing and opening of eyesVII.PUTAPAKA13:Indicationsandprocedure is like tarpana but the medicineNov-Dec 2017 Vol II, Issue 5
Sandhyarani et al; A Critical Analysis of Netra Kriya Kalpapreparation is specific. i.e, the medicine is(swarasa) extracted by puta paka vidhiIndicationsVisual disturbances - timira, avila darsanaDry eye conditions - rooksha, parisushka,ativisushkaAllergic conditions - klishta vartmaDiseases of eye lids - hardened painfuleyelids and damaged eyelashesStructural deformities - squint, Shrunkeneyeball.Difficulty in the movement of eyeball andeyelids: Stabdhata, krichronmeelanaDiseases of Sukla mandala – Sirotpata,Siraharsha, ArjunaDiseases of Krishna mandala – Savranasukla, Avranasukla,Diseases of Sarvagatha – Abhisyanda,Suskakaksi paaka, Anyatovata, VataparyayaDiseases of Drushtimandala – Timira,Kacha, Linganasha, Hruswajadya, etcBENEFITS: Same as Tarpana.PROBABLE MODE OF ACTION: InTarpana and Putapaka sneha dravyas areused, so it will cross corneal epitheliumeasily as it is having lipophilic andhydrophilic property7. Even contact time ismore, so drug absorption is more. Theseprocedures enhance lubrication and donourishment of all structures of the eyes.DUSCUSSIONNetra kriya kalpas has several advantagesover oral administration.1. The drugs given orally will undergodigestion under the influence of pachakapitta. The drugs administered through kriyakalpa are not digested by it and possiblyrectify accumulated dosha.2. The oral drugs find it difficult to cross the3 major anatomical barriers in the eye such643www.ayurpub.comas blood-aqueous, blood-vitreous and bloodretinal barriers to reach the target tissues ofthe eye. The topical drugs can cross andreach the target tissue and achieve higherbio-availability and desired action 14.3. The corneal layers have a specialabsorptionmechanismpharmacokinetically. Corneal epithelium is lipophilic;stroma- hydrophilic, endothelium behaveslipophilic15. Hence for issues of drugabsorption across cornea one must considerthe tri-laminar i.e. lipid – water –lipid,domain of various anatomical layers. Soghrita preparations which are mrudupaka ormadhyamapaka are used for all netra kriyakalpas16.4. The tissue contact time of the drugs canbe controlled in kriya kalpa and they areselected depending upon the stage andseverity of the disease.5. The medications can be judiciouslyselected. i.e, to increase ushna or sheeta,snigdha or rooksha in the local area. Thushigh concentration of the drug can beachieved by applying the medicines.6. The action of kriya kalpas is fasterwhereas the action of internal medicine istime consuming and late.Thus high concentration of the drug can beachieved by applying the medicines to eye.Seka, Aschotana, Pindi and Bidalakaprocedures are mainly used for externalsegmental disorders of eye (vartma gatasandhi, shukla, Krishna mandala diseases)and as a purva upakrama of anjana tarpanaand Putapaka. Anjana, putapaka, tarpana forinternal segmental disorders of eye(sarvagata and drustimandala).Nov-Dec 2017 Vol II, Issue 5
Sandhyarani et al; A Critical Analysis of Netra Kriya KalpaCONCLUSIONKriya-kalpas are well designed proceduresto treat ocular disorders outlined by ourAcharyas. They were aware of themechanism of blood- aqueous, bloodvitreous, blood-retinal barriers. Thus topicalapplication of drugs is more beneficial thanoral route especially in ophthalmicdisorders. This may be the reason that kriyakalpas are mentioned only in netra vikarassection and not in any other sections.REFERENCES1.Susrutha, Sushruta Samhitha, Upadravikaadyaya Uttara tantra 1/10, Nibandhasangraha Commentry by Sri Dalhanacharya,Edited by Vaidya Yadavaji TrikramjiAcharya,ChaukhambhaPrakashana,Varanasi, Reprint Edition -2003.2.Susrutha, Sushruta Samhitha, Sutra sthana1/10, Nibandha sangraha Commentry by SriDalhanacharya, Edited by Vaidya YadavajiTrikramjiAcharya,ChaukhambhaPrakashana, Varanasi, Reprint Edition -20033.Susrutha,Sushruta Samhitha, Uttara tantra,Kriya kalpa 18/2, Ayurveda ChoukambhaPrakashana, Varanasi, Reprint Edition -20054.Charaka Samhitha – Agnivesha withVidhodini Teeka, edited in Hindi byRajeshwaradatta Shastry Vol 1 &Vol 2,22ndedition Choukambha Prakashana, Varanasi1996.5.Susrutha,Sushruta Samhitha, Uttara tantra,Kriya kalpa 18/4, Ayurveda ChoukambhaPrakashana, Varanasi, Reprint Edition 2005.644www.ayurpub.com6.Sharangadhara, Sharangadhara Samhitha,Netra Prasadan kalpana,Uttarakhanda 13/1,Dipika Commentry Edited by i Reprint 1986.7.Susrutha,Sushruta Samhitha, Uttara tantra,Kriya kalpa 18/44-46, Ayurveda ChoukambhaPrakashana, Varanasi, Reprint Edition 2005.8.Susrutha, Sushruta Samhitha, Uttaratantra, Kriya kalpa 18/47,48, AyurvedaTatva-Sandipika Hindi commentary byAmbikadattaShastri,ChoukambhaPrakashana, Varanasi, Reprint Edition 2005.9.Sharangadhara, Sharangadhara Samhitha,Netra Prasadana kalpana, Uttarakhanda13/21-24, Dipika Commentry Edited byPandit Parashurama Shastri, KrishndasAcadamy,Varanasi Reprint 1986.10.Sharangadhara, Sharangadhara Samhitha,Netra Prasadana kalpana, Uttarakhanda13/30-37, Dipika Commentry Edited byPandit Parashurama Shastri, KrishndasAcadamy,Varanasi Reprint 1986.11.Susrutha,Sushruta Samhitha, Uttaratantra, Kriya kalpa 18/52-60, AyurvedaTatva-Sandipika Hindi commentary byAmbikadattaShastri,ChaukhambhaPrakashana, Varanasi, Reprint Edition 2005.12.Susrutha, Sushruta Samhitha, Uttaratantra, Kriya kalpa 18/5-15, AyurvedaTatva-Sandipika Hindi commentary byAmbikadattaShastri,ChaukhambhaPrakashana, Varanasi, Reprint Edition 2005.Nov-Dec 2017 Vol II, Issue 5
Sandhyarani et al; A Critical Analysis of Netra Kriya Kalpa13.Sharangadhara, Sharangadhara Samhitha,Netra Prasadana kalpana Uttarakhanda13/56-62, Dipika Commentry Edited byPandit Parashurama Shastri, KrishndasAcadamy, Varanasi Reprint 1986.14. Dr Adikanda Biswal et.al, A text book ofShalakya Tantra Vol 1-Netra Roga byChoukambhaSanskritSamsthan,stVaranasi.1 edition 2013.15. A K Khurana, ComprehensiveOphthalmology - 4th edition published byNew Age International (P) limited,-2007.16. Parson, Diseases of eye-Parson, 20thedition, edited by Ramajjit sihoto andRadhika Tandon published by Elsevier2007.CORRESPONDING AUTHORDr. Sandhya Rani DReader, Dept, of Shalakya Tantra,JSS Ayurveda Medical .inSource of support: Nil,Conflict of interest: None DeclaredCite this article asDr. Sandhya Rani D: A Critical Analysis ofNetra Kriya Kalpa. ayurpub;II(5):640-645645www.ayurpub.comNov-Dec 2017 Vol II, Issue 5
A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF NETRA KRIYA KALPA 1Dr Sandhya Rani. D 2Dr Partha sarathy Kulkarni 1Reader, Dept, of Shalakya Tantra, JSS Ayurveda Medical College, Mysuru-Karnataka 2Physician, Arvinda Hospital, Mysuru, Karnataka-India INTRODUCTION Eyes are the finest gift of god to mankind; the world appears beautiful
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