Cambridge O Level Pakistan Studies 2059 Paper 2 Learner Guide
Learner GuideCambridge O LevelPakistan Studies 2059Paper 1For examination from 2019
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Learner GuideContentsAbout this guide4Section 1: Getting started – what you need to know about5Section 2: How you will be assessed7Section 3: What skills will be assessed12Section 4: Example candidate response14Section 5: Revision28Revision checklists333
Learner GuideAbout this guideThis guide introduces you to your Cambridge O Level Pakistan Studies (2059) course and how you will be assessed. Youshould use this guide alongside the support of your teacher. We suggest you print off this document or if you prefer to workelectronically, save it as a pdf document so that you can keep a record of your progress.By the end of this guide, you should:99 have an overview of the course and what you will learn about99 understand the structure of the assessment that you will be taking99 be able to plan your revisionSection 1: Syllabus contentFind out what topics you will be learning about. Your teacher can give you more detail.Section 2: How you will be assessedFind out: how many examinations you will take how long each examination lasts what different question types the examination will contain how to tackle each examination.Section 3: What skills will be assessedFind out what areas of knowledge, understanding and skills you will need to demonstrate throughout the course and in yourexaminations.Section 4: Example candidate responseTake a look at a learner’s response taken from a real examination. Find out: how to interpret the question how to avoid common mistakes how to improve your exam technique.Section 5: RevisionDiscover: ways to help you plan your revision example revision planners some basic revision skills some ‘top revision tips’ revision checklist for each topic.4
Learner GuideSection 1: Syllabus content - what you needto know aboutThe Cambridge O Level Pakistan Studies syllabus is made up of two compulsory components, Paper 1 and Paper 2. Paper 1focuses on the history and culture of Pakistan, and Paper 2 focuses on the environment of Pakistan. You can see the content ofeach paper below.Syllabus ContentPaper 1Paper 2The history and culture of PakistanThe environment of PakistanThe syllabus content for Paper 1 is divided into threesections:The topics for Paper 2 include:1. The land of Pakistan1. Cultural and historical background to the PakistanMovement2. Natural resources – an issue of sustainability3. Power2. The emergence of Pakistan 1906–19474. Agricultural development3. Nationhood 1947–19995. Industrial development6. Trade7. Transport and communications8. Population.In Paper 1 the three sections are inter-related. Different parts of individual exam questions may require knowledge of morethan one item within a section, and the demonstration of understanding and analysis of these relationships. Each sectionincludes key questions, focus points and specified content which is listed below.For Paper 2 it is important to note that for each topic listed above, the importance to the people, country and development ofPakistan of the following themes should be considered, where relevant: The problems and opportunities for Pakistan as a developing country Effects on the environment and the importance of conserving the environment The promotion and importance of sustainable development The importance of feasibility studies5
Learner GuidePaper 1 Key QuestionsCultural and historic backgroundto the Pakistan MovementThe Emergence of Pakistan1946–47NationhoodKey Questions:Key Questions:Key Questions:1. How successful werethe religious thinkers inspreading Islam in the subcontinent during the 18thand 19th centuries?6. How far did the PakistanMovement develop duringthe early 20th century?11. How successful wasthe establishment ofan independent nationbetween 1947 and 1948?2. What were the causes andconsequences of the declineof the Mughal Empire?3. What were the causes andconsequences of the War ofIndependence 1857–58?4. How important was thework of Sir Syed AhmedKhan to the developmentof the Pakistan Movementduring the 19th century?5. To what extent have Urduand regional languagescontributed to the culturaldevelopment of Pakistansince 1947?7. How successful was theKhilafat Movement inadvancing the PakistanMovement?8. How successful was thePakistan Movement in theyears 1927–1939?9. How successful wereattempts to find solutionsto the problems facing thesub-continent in the years1940 – 1947?10. How important were thecontributions of Jinnah,Allama Iqbal and RahmatAli to the success of thePakistan Movement to1947?612. How far did Pakistanachieve stability followingthe death of Jinnah?13. Why did East Pakistanseek and then form theindependent state ofBangladesh?14. How successful wasPakistan in the twenty yearsfollowing the “Decade ofProgress”?15. How effective werePakistan’s governments inthe final decade of the 20thcentury?16. How important hasPakistan’s role been in worldaffairs since 1947?
Learner GuideSection 2: How you will be assessedYou will be assessed using two components: Paper 1 The history and culture of Pakistan (Written paper) Paper 2 The environment of Pakistan (Written paper)In this booklet we are looking at Paper 1. For more information about Paper 2 have a look at the Paper 2 Learner Guide.Paper 1 at a glanceThe table summarises the key information about Paper 1. You can find details and advice on how to approach Paper 1 on thefollowing pages.ComponentPaper 1 Thehistory andculture ofPakistanHow long and howmany marks1 hour and 30 minutes75 marksSkills assessedKnowledge, understandingand analytical and evaluativeabilityDetailsAnswer threequestions: 7one compulsory,source-basedquestion fromSection Atwo questionsfrom a choice offour in Section BPercentage of thequalification50%
Learner GuideAbout Paper 1It is important that you understand the different types of question in each paper and how you should approach them.Paper 1 The history and culture of Pakistan (Written paper)Paper 1 tests your knowledge and understanding. You need to answer three questions:One question from Section AThis is the compulsory, source-based question.It is based on two sources. Source A will be a writtensource; Source B will be a visual or pictorial source.Parts (a) and (b) of the question will be based on thesources.Any two questions from Section BFour questions are presented here; you should choosetwo of them to answer.8
Learner GuideQuestion types and advice - Paper 1 Section AThe questions in Paper 1 Section A are split into four parts: (a), (b) (c) and (d). You must answer all parts of the question inSection A.Part (b)Part (a)Part (c)Part (d) worth 3 marks worth 5 marks worth 7 marks worth 10 marks asks you tofind answersfrom thesources. asks you tomake suggestionsabout the events,using the sources. asks you to explainwhy a specific eventor factor happenedor why it wasimportant. asks you to provide abalanced argumentand conclusion abouthistorical events orfactors.ins5mDon’t be tempted to re-write the source, orto tell the examiner everything you knowabout the events.insins10 m5mExplain why, don’t justdescribe. For example, if youwere asked:‘Why were the British ableto take control of India by1850?’You would need to showsome detailed knowledge ofseveral factors, linking thesetogether into a chain ofcausation.9ins15 mExplain your judgementsby comparing the factorin the question againstother factors from yourown knowledge to give abalanced explanation.These questions typically askfor your judgements usingquestions like:“Was the work of theChristian missionaries themost important reason whythe Indians opposed Britishattempts to westernise thembetween 1750 and 1850?Explain your answer.”
Learner GuideQuestion types and advice - Paper 1 Section BAll the questions in Paper 1 Section B are in the form of structured essays and are split into three parts: (a), (b) and (c). You needto choose 2 questions to answer and should spend a total of 25 minutes on each question in this section. A suggested breakdownof how long to spend on each part of the questions is included below.Part (a)Part (b)Part (c) worth 4 marks worth 7 marks worth 14 marks ask you to describe historicalevents, themes or aspectsof history using details andknowledge. ask you to explain whya specific event or factorhappened or why it wasimportant. ask you to provide a balancedargument and conclusionabout historical events orfactors.inssin5mm7–8Give precise and accurate detailsfrom your own knowledge.Explain why, don’t just describe.For example, if you were asked:Give examples.‘Why was Urdu chosen as thenational language in Pakistan in1947?’Avoid generalised statements.you would need to explain whyUrdu was important to ALLPakistanis.10312–1sminExplain your judgements bycomparing the factor in thequestion against other factorsfrom your own knowledge to givea balanced explanation.These questions typically ask foryour judgements using questionslike ‘Was the attempt to achievea better understanding withthe British the most importantcontribution that Sir Syed AhmadKhan made to the Muslim causeduring the nineteenth century?Explain your answer.”
Learner GuideSummarySection APart (a)Part (b)Part (c)Part (d) worth 3 marks worth 5 marks worth 7 marks worth 10 marks asks you tofind answersfrom thesources. asks youto drawinferencesfrom thesources. asks you to explain whya specific event or factorhappened or why it wasimportant. asks you to provide abalanced argumentand conclusion abouthistorical events orfactors.ins5minsins10 m5mins15 mSection BPart (a)Part (b)Part (c) worth 4 marks worth 7 marks worth 14 marks ask you to describe historicalevents, themes or aspectsof history using details andknowledge. ask you to explain whya specific event or factorhappened or why it wasimportant. ask you to provide a balancedargument and conclusionabout historical events orfactors.inssin5mm7–8312–1sminYou have to answer three questions in 1 hour and 30 minutes.Try to keep to these timings: about 35 minutes for Section A about 50 minutes for Section B (25 minutes for each question)This will leave you 5 minutes for re-reading and checking your work.Remember: You must answer all four parts of Question 1 in Section A. You must answer all three parts of the two Section B questions you choose. Each question relates to a Key Question from the syllabus. Make sure you pick the questions that you can answer mosteasily. Make sure you include your own knowledge, facts, dates and relevant examples in all of your answers. You could answer the questions in the order you are most confident, but be careful of the number of marks eachquestion is worth. Try to base your choice of questions on how well you can answer the high mark parts (i.e., (b) and(c)) rather than low mark parts. If you finish early, re-read and check your answers, adding more relevant facts and ideas if you can remember them.11
Learner GuideSection 3: What skills will be assessedThe areas of knowledge, understanding and skills that you will be assessed on are called assessment objectives (AOs). ForPaper 1 AO1, AO2 and AO4 are assessed. For Paper 2 AO1, AO3 and AO4 are assessed.AO1AO2AO4Recall, select, use andcommunicate knowledge andunderstanding.Demonstrate an understandingof the past through explanation,interpretation, analysis andevaluationApply skills and interpret a varietyof environmental and historicalresources/sourcesThe following tables explain what each assessment objective means and what percentage of the whole qualification isassessed using that objective. Your teacher will be able to give you more information about how each of the assessmentobjectives are tested in each component.Assessment ObjectiveWhat this meansAO1: An ability toRecall, select, use and communicate knowledge andrecall, select, organiseunderstanding.and deploy knowledgeof the syllabus content. You need to show that you can use historical facts to support youranswers. You can do this by including the relevant: AO2: An ability toconstruct historicalexplanations using anunderstanding of: cause andconsequence,change andcontinuity,similarity anddifferencethe motives,emotions,intentions andbeliefs of peoplein the past.You need to show that you understand the causes, reasons or factorsthat you examine in your answers by making supported conclusionsand judgements, prioritising factors and assessing their relativeimportance and significance.Make sure you address the following in your answers: Paper 1 (47 marks)Percentage of CambridgeO Level: 64%key dateskey eventskey historical characters and groupskey historical concepts and ideasimportant statistical data and examples.Demonstrating an understanding of the past throughexplanation, interpretation, analysis and evaluation. Wherecauses and consequences (the reasons why events happened andtheir impact)change and continuity (how they changed or how they stayed thesame)similarities and differencesmotives and purposeimportance and significancesuccesses and failureseffectiveness12Paper 1 (20 marks)Percentage of CambridgeO Level: 26%
Learner GuideAssessment ObjectiveAO4: An ability tounderstand, interpret,evaluate and use arange of sources asevidence, in theirhistorical context.What this meansApply skills and interpret a variety of environmental andhistorical resources/sourcesYou need to show that you can interpret a source. This meansdemonstrating that you understand the meaning of the source.You also need to show that you can evaluate a source. This means,for example, determining how useful it is, how reliable it is, whatits limitations are, what type of source it is, the significance of thecreator and so on.You will need to demonstrate that you can: make inferences – indicate what the content and details of thesource suggestinterpret the message of posters and cartoon sources – indicatewhat you think the creator of the source intended to try to tell orshow the audienceevaluate the usefulness and reliability of source evidence, forexample by-- assessing the value of the content of the source against yourown knowledge-- assessing the language and tone of the source content-- assessing the motive of the creator of the source by examiningthe provenance.explain the purpose of the source – evaluate why a source wasmade or published by the creatorcompare similarities and differences between sources to identifydifferent interpretations of the past.13WherePaper 1 (8 marks)Percentage of CambridgeO Level: 10%
Learner GuideSection 4: Example candidate responsesThis section takes you through an example question and learner response from a Cambridge O Level Pakistan Studies (2059)past paper.It will help you to see how to identify words within questions and to understand what is required in your response.Understanding the questions will help you learn what you need to do with your knowledge, for example, you might need todescribe something, explain something, argue a point of view, apply the knowledge in a different way, or list what you know.All information and advice in this section is specific to the example question and response being demonstrated. It shouldgive you an idea of how your responses might be viewed by an examiner but it is not a list of what to do in all questions. Inyour own examination, you will need to pay careful attention to what each question is asking you to do.This section is structured as follows:A. QuestionWords in the question have been highlighted and theirmeaning explained. This should help you to understandclearly what is required by the question.B. Mark schemeThis tells you as clearly as possible what an examiner expectsfrom an answer to award marks.C. Example candidate responseThis is an answer by a real candidate in exam conditions.Good points and problems have been highlighted.D. How the answer could have been improvedThis summarises what could be done to gain more marks.E. Common mistakesThis will help you to avoid common mistakes made bycandidates. So often candidates lose marks in their examsbecause they misread or misinterpret the questions.14
Learner GuideA. QuestionThe question used in this example has been taken from Paper 1, Section A, Question 1(b)1(b)What does Source B tell us about the British East India Company in 1825?(6)Now let’s look more closely at the question.1(b)What does Source B tell us about the British East India Company in 1825?Source B thequestion requires youto draw an inferencefrom Source B only. tell us this means that the examiner will beexpecting you to draw some conclusions fromthe source. What can you reasonably work outabout the British East India Company in 1825 fromlooking at the source? These conclusions shouldbe supported with reasons. One well supportedinference is enough.15(5)
Learner GuideB. Mark schemeThe mark scheme shows some examples of the ways that the examiner would expect to see a candidate attempt to answerthe question. If a candidate makes a suggestion or has an idea (draws an inference) that is not included in the mark schemebut which is reasonable and relevant, the examiner will award marks for it. The mark scheme does not include all possibleanswers.Look at the mark scheme for Question 1 (b) below.Level 1The candidate identifies surface features from the source(1)“A British officer is riding a horse. He is surrounded by Indians.”Level 2Unsupported inferences(2–3)“The British officer looks important. The British look powerful.”Level 3Inference(s) supported by detail from the source and/or contextual knowledge(4–5)“The painter has made the British officer the largest figure to show the British were very importantin India in 1825. In the same way, the Indians are shown as small to reflect their lower status at thistime.” (4)“Local rulers are on horseback behind the British official. They are shown as smaller to reflect theirlower status.” (4)“The British officer looks elegant in his uniform, indicating superiority and power. This suggests theBritish East India Company was very powerful in 1825.”(4)“The East India Company is shown as being a wealthy organisation as seen in the uniforms andthe decorations on the horses. The company were able to achieve this wealth through trading andthrough taking over lands, either by conquering them, or by making agreements with the local rulers.This is shown by the weapons displayed and the wealthy appearance of the Indians that the Britishwere able to exploit.” (5)The examiner uses a mark scheme, a set of level criteria, and the assessment objectives to mark candidates’ answers.The level criteria indicate what the candidate needs to do in order to demonstrate the assessment objectives at that level.The assessment objectives are the areas of knowledge, understanding and skills. You should be aware that AO4 is assessed inSection A, Question 1 (a) and (b).Level criteria for AO4 Apply skills and interpret a variety of environmental and historicalreso
Learner Guide 5 Section 1: Syllabus content - what you need to know about The Cambridge O Level Pakistan Studies syllabus is made up of two compulsory components, Paper 1 and Paper 2.Paper 1 focuses on the history and culture of Pakistan, and Paper 2 focuses on the environment of Pakistan.
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Cover photo"Blue Hour at Pakistan : Monument" 2016 by Muhammad Ashar [CC BY-SA 4.0], from Wikimedia Commons ISBN: 978-969-9732-04-1 Suggested citation: National Institute of Population Studies (NIPS) [Pakistan] and ICF. 2019. Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18. Islamabad, Pakistan, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NIPS and ICF.
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The Cambridge O Level Pakistan Studies syllabus is made up of two compulsory components, Paper 1 and Paper 2. Paper 1 focuses on the history and culture of Pakistan, and Paper 2 focuses on the environment of Pa
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