THE OCCULT REVIEW - IAPSOP

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TH EOCCULT R E V I E WA MONTHLY MAGAZINE DEVOTED TO THE INVESTIGATION OF SUPER NORMAL PHENOMENA AND THE STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMSE d ited b yR A LPH S H IR L E YPrice S ixpence ; post free, S bvbnpbncb .Annual Subscription, S bvbn S h illin g sEntered at Stationers' H a llAll communications to the Editor should be addressed c/o the Publishers,W illiam R ider & S on, L imited , 164 Aldersgate Street, London, E.C.Vo lI.MARCH 1905No. 3CONTENTSPAOBE d i t o r i a l . 105S ome E x p e r im e n t s in H ypno t is m . B y B er n a r d H o l l a n d e r , M.D.107M e r io n e t h s h ir e M y s t e r i e s .By B e r ia h G. E van s . 113V ib r a t io n s . By F ranz H a r t mann.i z iS om e T ho ugh ts on O c c u l tP h y s ic a l P heno m ena . B yE dward T. B e n n e t t. 125PAOBA C o l l e g e G host .E x p e r ie n c e s of a S e e r — II.By K. E . H e n r y -A n derso n .N ew V ie w of A st r o -p h y s ic s .B y W. G okn Old .12 9134140T h e D e v e l o p m e n t of t h eC o n f l ic t . By W. L. W il m s h u r s t .146R e v i e w s .1 5 1C o r r e sp o n d e n c e.158EDITORIALSO the old Scientific Gang are to be thrown overboard whole sale 1 This is the only interpretation to be placedPROFESSORupon Prof. Richet's address to the S.P.R. ThereRICHET ANDis nothing which they have derided and ridiculedTH E S.P.R.so utterly that the exponents of the New Sciencerefuse to reconsider it, and sometimes, as in the case of spirit ualism, to reconsider it in a very favourable light. With onereservation only. The whole field of occult research is to begiven a new name—metapsychics. Rather more difficult to pro nounce than the old, but doubtless for that reason all the morescientific; and Prof. Charles Richet, that “ coiner of a wordunknown to Keats," has sat down with the satisfactory reflectionthat he has whitewashed Superstition and re-named it Science.Well, well, a fact by any other name will smell as sweet. I amreminded, however, of a certain lady who from her childhoodH»GoogleDigitized bOriginal fromHARVARD UNIVERSITY

106THE OCCULT REVIEWupwards had regarded the cruel pastime of cats at the expense ofthe feathered tribe with horror and repulsion. She was fortunateenough, however, at last to encounter a friend who pointed outto her that the phenomena she had observed were merely anexemplification of “ the hunting instinct." That felicitous phraseset her mind finally at rest, and she can now watch the heartlesssport and turn with a smiling face to her next-door neighbour,exclaim ing: “ You see 1 an exemplification of the huntinginstinct 1" Doubtless by-and-bye, thanks to Prof. Richet, weshall find ourselves talking as airily of metapsychics as we donow of algebra and trigonometry.After this, it no longer comes with a shock of surprise thatSir Oliver Lodge in his recent address to theSIRteachers of Birmingham University, told themOLIVER LODGEthat “ clairvoyance was not yet sufficiently under ONstood, and that some day it would be included inCLAIRVOYANCE.the scientific curriculum of schools and colleges,"while “ prosecutions for crystal-gazing could only be regardedas “ a stupid anachronism."Mankind generally are too apt to deride that which they arenot used to. A new idea appears ridiculous to them and astrange fact absurd. No advantage therefore is gained as far asthey are concerned by proving the fact. It is still new, and theirintelligence is not acclimatised to it. When they have heard thestatement frequently repeated from different quarters, and theirbrain-cells have become accustomed to it, they accept it as gospel,whether it is proved or not. This is the esoteric significance ofthe Red Queen's remark in “ Alice Through the Looking-Glass” :“ What I have said three times is true."So we cannot expect the man in the street yet awhile to wakeup to the fact that the phenomena of spiritualism (if not theexplanation put upon them by Spiritualists) are actually true, orwhat is of more importance to some people, that Science hasstood godfather to them ; nor yet that Occultism generally isentitled to a fair hearing. In the meantime there is one questionto which it will be of interest to await the answer. What willthey rc-christen Astrology tA new feature commences with the present issue of thea bo o kO c c u l t R e v i e w in the shape of a Book Registerfor the sale and purchase of books dealing withr e g is t e r .matters likely to be of interest to readers of thisJournal. Full information in regard to the conditions of adver tising on these pages is given at the head of the Register.Digitized by Go o g l eOriginal fromHARVARD UNIVERSITY

SOME EXPERIMENTS IN HYPNOTISMB r BE R N A R D H O LLAN D ER, M.D.T H E various phenomena and susceptibilities of the subconsciousmind, which are known to us under the names of Mesmerism,Animal Magnetism, and Hypnotism, have so far received onlytardy acknowledgment; firstly, because of the degrading exhibi tions of itinerant showmen, which inspired their witnesses witha fear of the dangers of such practices ; and, secondly, becausethe various explanations, advanced by scientifically trainedoperators, have not stood the test of examination, and failed toconvince the learned public. I shall not fall into the same errorof mere theorising, but will endeavour to give a simple narrativeof my experiences, and an account of such of my experiments asmay be repeated and confirmed by any unprejudiced observer.My first experience as an operator was while clinical assistantat a London hospital, when I was suddenly called upon tohypnotise a young country girl, whose mind had become de ranged by the shock received through a practical joke playedupon her by her associates in the ward. Some patients, out ofmischief, had purposely loosened the false arm of another youngpatient, anticipating that the vigorous shake, which this countrygirl was in the habit of giving as a greeting, would leave the armin her hand. This is what happened, and the nurses experienceda difficulty in restraining the girl, who became wild with fright.By repeated hypnotising and verbal suggestions, which calmedher nervous excitability, her mental equilibrium was restored.My first experience in private practice was of such practicalvalue that I may be allowed to relate it here. A lady, apparentlyparalysed on the left side of her body, as if by a “ stroke,"consulted me, accompanied by her husband. I could findno organic cause for the affection, but ascertained a historyof shock, which other physicians had either not inquired into orthought of no importance. When in child-bed, her room hadcaught fire, and she was rescued with difficulty. From that timedeveloped the weakness and ultimate complete loss of the powerof movement of her left arm and leg. The diagnosis of functionalparalysis and my hopeful prognosis surprised the husband, andhe frankly told me such was not the opinion of other experts inOriginal fromHARVARD UNIVERSITY

108THE OCCULT REVIEWnervous diseases. I had an interview with the family physician,and not being able to convince him either, I proposed to settle thedispute by hypnotising the lady. If the paralysis, I explained, isdue to shock only, then the patient will be able to use herparalysed limbs in the hypnotic state ; if, on the other hand, thedisease is organic, hypnotic suggestion will have no effect. Myproposal was accepted, and when hypnotised, not only did thepatient walk normally and lift her left arm, but, by encouragingsuggestions, she developed such power of resistance in it that herhusband had to use force to push the arm down. After a fewsittings with post-hypnotic suggestions, the lady recoveredcontrol over her limbs completely.The practical application of hypnotism, since it has receivedgeneral acknowledgment, has been so much confined to the“ treatment" of nervous diseases, and the notion is so prevalentthat only persons of great excitability, weak-mindedness, orhysterical disposition make good subjects, that I determined toexperiment on normal subjects, whose consent I could obtain,and test what are the powers manifested in the hypnotic state,independent of “ suggestion."The experiments, which I am about to describe, prove thehyperaesthesia of the senses, and the accentuation of the innatemental qualities and tendencies in a person who by hypnoticinfluences, or auto-suggestion, is in a subconscious state.Taking a normal subject in that state and having blindfoldedhim, one of the first observations that can be made refers to theprobable existence of a human aura, for by holding one or morefingers near any part of the subject’s body or head, withoutcoming in actual contact, that part will be moved in the directionin which the finger is slowly drawn. An ordinary horse-shoemagnet, held similarly, produces a like result; and I have foundpersons, who are unaware of such an instrument being in theroom, complain of unpleasant sensations when the magnet washeld near their head, questioning me what I was doing and im ploring me to desist. There is no doubt in my mind that amagnet gives off some force which can be felt by a hypnotisedsubject, and that our own body, particularly at the fingers’ ends,exerts some similar influence. I became convinced of this byplacing a hypnotised subject in a completely darkened room andthen letting him open his eyes and describe what he sees. I helda magnet suspended in my hand, at the poles of which heperceived a luminous appearance, and when holding out myOriginal fromHARVARD UNIVERSIP

SOME EXPERIMENTS IN HYPNOTISM109fingers, he described similar luminous emanations proceedingfrom my finger tips.I have found that ordinary discs, which are used for hypno tising people, can be made luminous in the dark, by rubbingthem between the fingers. The ordinary copper coin of a peonyhas a similar, though not quite such a strong effect.The light which the subject declares to emanate from them issometimes sufficiently strong to illuminate surrounding objects.The one essential condition is that there must be absolutedarkness.Some of the following experiments, which I have repeatedlyperformed, sometimes before large audiences, I believe to bequite original.A member of the audience takes a packet of blank ivory cards,or notepaper, or envelopes, fresh as from the stationers’, selectsone of these, and shows it to the hypnotised subject. The card,or paper, or envelope is then secretly marked and shuffled inamongst the others, or else without any mark the relative positionis remembered by the person in charge of the pack, which isreturned to the subject, who, as a rule, without hesitation, picksout the right card or other object from the number handed tohim, although no difference is perceptible to the most skilfulobserver watching the performance. This experiment shows thequickening of the sense of sight in the subconscious state.This visual accentuation I have frequently demonstrated in amore entertaining manner. The hypnotised subject after a timemay get fatigued and express a wish for a glass of water. On atable there are a dozen empty glasses, all exactly alike. I handto the subject one of these empty glasses, and he drinks from itas if it really contained water. When he puts it down, all theglasses are changed in position by some member of the audience,so that no person by the mere look of the glasses could tellwhich is the one that has been used. After some little while thesubject may want to drink again, or else it may be suggested tohim to have another drink. He will glance over the glasses, andto the great astonishment of the audience take up the right oneand empty it of its supposed contents.That the sense of smell in the hypnotic state is also moreacute is equally easy of proof. A card, paper, envelope, or hand kerchief is selected from a number, all alike, and the subject isrequested to smell it. The object chosen is then put amongstthe rest and the whole packet handed back, when the subjectOriginal fromHARVARD UNIVERSITY

110THE OCCULT REVIEWwill smell each of them, until he gets to the right one, which hegives up, frequently without testing the remainder, so sure is heof his selection.An experiment in this connection, which I have arranged onseveral occasions, is the following. The subject is requested tosmell a handkerchief, which, of course, has no scent whatever,and to hand it to some member of the audience. To avoid anypossibility of mind-reading the operator takes the subject out ofthe room, while the audience hides the handkerchief in someeasily accessible place. The subject is led back and told to findthe handkerchief. He walks round the room and will soon stopat a place, where he makes a search and discovers the article inquestion.That the sense of touch is also quickened in the subconsciousstate can be tested in the following manner. Six objects— Igenerally choose glasses—are put on a table. The subject looksaway or may be blindfolded. Some one selects one of theglasses which I am to touch. The subject is then requested tofind the “ magnetised " glass, which he does without hesitation.Frequently I do not even touch the glass, but hold twoextended fingers over it. It would appear that in doing this thetemperature of the air contained in the glass is slightly raised,sufficiently at least to be recognised by the subjectBoth the sense of temperature and the sense of taste can betested by pouring water into all the glasses and holding twofingers over one. The subject will taste each till he gets to the" magnetised " one, which he hands to the operator.However, not merely the senses, but all the mental qualitiesof the person, thus subconscious, are highly accentuated. Insome manner, which we are still unable to explain, we can, bytouching different regions of the head, and without any “ willing "or suggestion, excite expressions of different thoughts andemotions, and various dispositions, which, on the whole,correspond with the localisations of certain physiologists,described in my work on "T h e Mental Functions of the Brain,"where I have shown by over eight hundred cases of post-mortemexaminations that the primary mental powers are localised indefinite regions of the brain. Without going into details, I maysay that hypnotic experiment appears to confirm these localisa tions.B y touching symmetrical points on the subject’s cranium,various manifestations are elicited, both in word and gesture,Digitized bGoogleOriginal fromHARVARD UNIVERSITY

SOME EXPERIMENTS IN HYPNOTISM111such as devotion, anger, benevolence, meanness, kleptomania,repentance, conceit, vanity, anxiety, hunger, &c., as well ascombinations of these states when two or more centres aretouched at the same time. These manifestations correspond tothe clinical observations made by me and others in cases ofinjury and disease of the same localities of the brain, as recordedin my works.Such an experiment naturally suggests collusion. To provethat there is no previous arrangement between the operator andsubject, the latter should be perfectly ignorant of what isexpected, or a new subject should be chosen. Moreover, it isnot at all necessary that the operator himself should touch theparticular centres; he may let any stranger, ignorant of thewhole subject, do so. When the expression is not spontaneousthe subject should be asked : “ What are you thinking of ? Whatdo you see ? What do you feel ?"I should also state that I have never produced any effect bymere “ willing," or even thinking of the expected manifestation.Frequently it has happened that I have been on a different centrethan I have intended to touch, and thus got another manifestationthan 1 had promised or was requested to produce. A subjectwho has been operated on before is occasionally too anxious toexcel, and guesses at what he is to say or do, but his guesses arealmost invariably wrong. He should remain passive and giveexpression to the first thought or feeling that arises in him.I have excited the same centres by applying a feeble galvaniccurrent and found that the right side alone will not correspond ;the left will do so, but the best results are produced by actingsymmetrically on both hemispheres of the brain.It is argued that mere pressure cannot possibly produce suchresults, even on a highly sensitive brain, for the skull is interven ing. Quite so, but it must not be forgotten that the skull is notinanimate matter, but a living substance permeated by nervesand blood-vessels. Mere argument will not upset the fact. Letphysicians who practise hypnotism experiment the same as Ihave done, and not have pre-conceived notions as to what ispossible or not. Thus, by touching one particular region of thehead, the patient will be found to assume the attitude of devotionand to say his prayers. The moment the finger is removed, hewill leave off abruptly, sometimes at a syllable, breaking theword. When the finger is put down again the prayer will becontinued at the same syllable where he left off. TouchingOriginal fromHARVARD UNIVERS

112THE OCCULT REVIEWanother region the patient can be made to steal, but the momentthe finger is removed to a region, which I might describe as themoral region of the brain, the stolen object is returned with ex pressions of remorse.The practical usefulness of this hypnotic phenomenon consistsin the fact that it helps us to know the exact localisation of theprimary mental powers, which in the different forms of maniaare over-excited or unduly depressed. Thus by applyingsedatives or stimulants, as required, we are in a position to effecta cure of mental derangement, at least in its early stages.There is another practical use. It is evident that if we reallycan, by thus touching different brain-centres, or rather theircorresponding covering, rouse any sentiment, feeling, emotion,passion, or intellectual quality, we must thereby acquire animportant power for ameliorating the moral and intellectual con*dition of man and possess a most important instrument for theeducation of the young, more particularly for those with criminaltendencies.Hypnotism is still a very neglected subject, and really onlyone branch of it, that of therapeutic suggestion, has been culti vated. In the present state of our knowledge we are not in aposition to theorise as to the proximate cause of the phenomenadescribed in this paper. We must go on accumulating factsuntil we have ample stores of them by different observers. Ifthis record of my experiments should stimulate others to thescientific research of hypnotism my object in writing this paperwill have succeeded.Original fromHARVARD UNIVERSITY

MERIONETHSHIRE MYSTERIESBy B E R IA H G. EVANST H E story I have to tell is a sufficiently remarkable one to claimat once the notice of those who believe in the supernatural andthose who do n o t; of those who hold that every so-called“ mysterious manifestation " is capable of satisfactory explana tion on purely scientific grounds ; and of those who still maintainthat there are more things in our heaven and earth than canpossibly be accounted for by twentieth-century philosophy. Ishall be glad to receive a satisfactory explanation of the things Ihave myself seen and heard. I do not say they cannot be soexplained, but I unhesitatingly assert that no explanation as yetforthcoming fits the case. A number of scientists have essayedthe task, some from their laboratories scores of miles away, othersafter days and nights spent on the spot itself making careful in vestigation, and fully armed with th latest scientific apparatusfor the discovery and fixing of “ spooks.” The first have verysatisfactorily explained sets of circumstances altogether remotefrom those which I describe ; the second have had to returnnonplussed trying to save the credit of their apparatus by castingdiscredit upon the manifestati

Taking a normal subject in that state and having blindfolded . An ordinary horse-shoe magnet, held similarly, produces a like result; and I have found persons, who are unaware of such an instrument being in the room, complain of unpleasant sensations when the magnet was

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