Washington Veterans Home 1910 - 1980 70th Anniversary .

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Washington Veterans Home1910 - 198070th AnniversaryHistorical Summary

STATE OF WASHINGTONDixy Lee Ray, GovernorDEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRSLewis Belcher, Jr., DirectorWASHINGTON VETERANS HOMEGordon L. Omdal, SuperintendentAlan Harrah, Assistant SuperintendentEDITOR AND PUBLISHERDonna Bogumill, 1980COVER ARTISTRetsil Resident, Sunny2005 REVISED EDITIONGraphic/Web Designer, Miriam G. YoungGraphic Design Intern, Jason L. Crapo

How It All BeganThe history of the Washington Veterans’ Home reallybegins on the battlefields of the Civil War. During thiscrisis in our nation’s history, thousands of men and boyswere transformed from farmers, craftsmen, students, andshopkeepers into soldiers, willing to fight and die for whatthey believed in. It was for the survivors of this tragicconflict, for the Civil War veterans, that the Home wasoriginally established.Some forty years had passed since the last shot ofthe war was fired, and many of the veterans were reaching the age where they could no longer support themselves and were in need of domiciliary care. SocialSecurity was still many years in the future, and medicalscience of that day did not include geriatrics. The wonderdrugs we have today had not yet come into the picture,and life expectancy was much shorter than it is now. Mostof the Civil War veterans were even worse off than theaverage person of their age as they still carried physicaland emotional scars from the time they had spent in battle.Although Washington had a Soldiers’ Home atOrting which had been opened in 1890, this Home wassmall and did not provide for the wives of veterans,except in colony houses outside the grounds. There wasneed for a new facility to provide care for veterans andtheir wives.The needed facility might not have been built forseveral more years if it had not been for the money panicof 1906-1907. The entire country suffered during thisfinancial crisis. Many corporations were forced to paytheir employees with script rather than money. There waslittle on no credit to be had by anyone.These conditions did much to focus the attention ofthe state legislatures upon the distress and need of manyCivil War veterans. The State of Washington was one ofthe first states to do something about it.The Session Laws of 1907, HB #9, which includedthe Enabling Act to establish the Washington Veterans’Home was passed by the StateLegislature and signed byGovernor Albert E. Mead onMarch 13, 1907. This Actprovided that no man with apension of 24 or more was tobe eligible for membership, norwas any wife who had not beenmarried to the veteran before1905. Another provision of theAct stipulated that the Homewas to be located upon landoverlooking the waters of PugetSound.Washington Soldiers Home, Orting WAAssembly Hall 1894The sum of fifty thousanddollars was appropriated to beused by the Board of Control asrequired. The Board, whichconsisted of five legislatorsappointed by the Governor, wasauthorized to purchase a site,construct buildings, and supervise maintenance.

Many communities wanted to be chosen as thelocation for the Home, but the competition had soonnarrowed down to Anacortes on Rosario Straits andAnnapolis on Sinclair Inlet. Most of the efforts to get thenew institution located in Annapolis were in the hands ofPort Orchard businessmen. Three are remembered as theleaders: Guy Wetzel of the Port Orchard Independent;J.M. Peterson, County Auditor; and Ed Howe, a leadingbusinessman.Anacortes was pushing hard to have the institutionlocated there, but the Port Orchard group was moreaggressive. They had ideas and the initiative to carry themout. Among the activities planned by this group was apicnic on the beach of Sinclair Inlet. They invited morethan 150 Grand Army veterans from Seattle and vicinityto this picnic which was pitched on the property for saleas the Home site. The property was a rather rough tractplatted as Gaffner Gardens. It was owned by William TellGaffner who had purchased it from the Indians for, thestory has it, one dollar an acre. Gaffner had it logged offmany years before and it was thickly covered with youngtrees and brush.The picnic was a great success, and those attendingwere impressed with the site and the promotional effort.The speeches were carefully prepared to cover everydetail of the tract’s advantages: the magnificent scenicviews of mountains and water, the ease of access, theproximity to large centers of population, accessibility ofpure water, climate, etc. The efforts of the promoterswere well rewarded, for the selection ‘committee recommended the Gaffner tract and the Board of controlpromptly purchased the tract, paying a sum of 6,600according to available records. Many familiar with realestate methods in those days gave the picnic immeasurable credit for the sale, for Anacortes had a fine site, too,but did not stage their selling efforts as effectively as didPort Orchard.There were several lots adjoining the selected site onthe south side that were not included in the tract theBoard of control purchased. The records are somewhathazy as to how these sites were acquired. The PortOrchard committee is generally credited with raising anamount of between 4,000 and 6,000 (one recordstates 3,940.50) to purchase these lots. Mr. J.M.Peterson, who was County Auditor at the time, laterrecalled that although the population of Port Orchard wasless than 1,000 at the time, there were 117 donationsreceived. The records in possession of Mr. Petersonindicated the following persons and business concernswere the heaviest contributors: George Miller, LehmannBrothers, H.A. Davies, P.H. Seay, A. Larson, J.M.Dickenson, J.D. Sponogle, Kitsap Lbr. Co., C.W.Clausson, A. Nelson, Fraternal Brotherhood, J.D. Yokey.Once the site had been acquired, the next matter tobe addressed was the selection of a Superintendent of thenew Home. The Governor had intended to appointGeorge Tibbets, a Civil War veteran who had been amember of the site selection committee. A legal obstacleprevented the appointment of Mr. Tibbets because he hadserved on the committee that selected the site. An alternative suggestion was that George Tibbets be put in chargeof the Soldiers’ Home at Orting and the present Superintendent of that Home be transferred to Annapolis. WillisL. Ames was an able superintendent and liked his job atOrting, but was quite ready to go to Annapolis as planningand construction were more in his line. Mr. Ames transferred to the new Home and brought along his wife asMatron and Z.L. King as Adjutant.Construction CommencesSuperintendent Ames found himself with a big job onhis hands. There was much small timber to be clearedaway, and the ground was rough and rocky. The onlyroad to the property was along the waterfront and endedat the site. There was a creek running across the property but the only way it could be utilized for human needswas by means of buckets. The large number of men to beengaged in the construction would require shelter as wellRosecliff Cottage

as food and other supplies. It was a real pioneer situation, for there was only one house on the property andnot many vacant or available in the neighborhood.The people of Port Orchard were of invaluableassistance in every possible way, and before long existinghazards and many inconveniences had been overcomeand work was underway.Mr. J.E. McDowell came to this project from Ortingat the request of the Superintendent. He was an experienced man in building and power plant operation. Heremained on this job for nearly forty years, retiring inOctober 1949. Mr. McDowell married the daughter ofSuperintendent and Mrs. Ames in 1912, and their twochildren were born at Retsil.pletely renovated in 1915 (at a cost of 300) and wasthen used as the adjutant’s home. Here also was the firstoffice. It too was later remodeled with a bath andlavatory being installed and housed seven members.The Washington Building was the next to be completed. It was originally known as the Washington Barracks and accommodated single men. Lance & Peters,General Contractors, built the Washington Barracks andthe main dining room and kitchen, which were constructed at about the same time.Other construction projects underway at this timeincluded a power plant and a laundry facility. The firstpower plant was equipped with three boilers for furnishingsteam heat for the buildings and laundry. Generators alsoproduced power for lighting the buildings and groundsWASHINGTON BARRACKSActual construction began in 1908, but much clearing, grading and road building had been done already. Adam had been built across Crosley Creek one mile abovethe home site, and a ten-inch fir stave pipe line was beinginstalled. Graph & Co., Architects, had laid out the sitesand prepared the plans for the first buildings.The first two buildings were built by day labor underthe direction of Superintendent Ames and Chief EngineerMcDowell. They were the Rosecliff and Bayview cottages, two identical structures designed to accommodateeight couples each.An old cottage at the foot of the hill was remodeledand served as quarters for the Superintendent until newhousing could be built for him on the hill. It was com-and supplied power for the operation of machinerythroughout the Home. The laundry machinery was originally powered by a 15-horsepower steam engine beforeelectric motors were installed to provide energy for thebelt-driven washing machines and irons. During the earlyyears, the laundry was staffed mainly by members of theHome.It was decided that February 22, 1910, would bethe day for the formal dedication and admission of the firstmembers. It was a photo finish for it seemed impossibleto have things ready by then. The winter was a pleasantone, though, and work went on with little or no interruption. The Home was ready for occupancy on the dateselected.

ments were made to the Home during the first few yearsthat it was open, including the construction of severalmore buildings.The legislature had appropriated 65,000 for building and equipping a hospital, and work got underwayimmediately on this project. The hospital was completedin 1912. Medical attention at this time was administeredby a member who formerly practiced medicine and aphysician from Port Orchard. Within a year after completion of the hospital, a practicing surgeon was appointed tothe staff and shortly thereafter a nurse and steward wereadded. At this time patients were being brought to thePort Orchard Home from Orting for medical care.Original LaundryTwo more cottages, Illahee and Amiga, which servedthe same purpose and were off the same design asRosecliff and Bayview cottages, were built in 1913.The First DecadeIn anticipation of the opening of the new Home,some of the applicants were already living on the propertyin tents and shanties which they set up on a stretch ofbeach across the road from the Home. Among them wasC.D. Rowley, who was a member of the new Home. Hedid not join the beach colony until a few days before theopening date. He got up early on the 22nd and was first inline to be admitted. Although he fulfilled his wish ofbecoming the first member of the Home, Mr. Rowley didnot have a long residence at theHome. He died on May 1, 1910,just sixty-nine days after entering theHome. He was the first to be buriedin the Home’s cemetery.In 1913 the state Legislature passed a law authorizing the admission of veterans’ widows to the Home. Thefirst widow was admitted on April 2, 1914, and 122widows were admitted during the next 12 months. It wasnecessary to provide quarters for these women. A requestfor an appropriation of 25,000 for housing was madeand granted. Additions were made to the hospital, nowknown as the McKinley Building, and the SherwoodBuilding was erected to accommodate 48 women.The second man to be admittedalso achieved a “first” –although oneof dubious distinction. He gotdrunk, tried to kill a fellow memberand was dishonorably dischargedfrom the Home three months later.The total number of men andwomen registered the first day was127. By the end of the year, thetotal had increased to 187. Thesemen and women came from everysection of the state.Many additions and improve-Port Orchard businessmen hold a picnic on the beach of Sinclair Inlet.

About oneand one quarteracres of land onthe lower portionof the groundswas cleared,drained, and putinto cultivation. Itwas recommended that a seawall be built tokeep the hightides from washing the land. Anorchard of 200fruittrees wasFirst members of Washington Barracksplanted on thehillside to supply the institution with fruit.The Olympia Building, then called the BarracksBuilding, was constructed in 1914. It was located on theThe original cemetery at the foot of the hill, where thesite of the present main office and served as the adminissewage disposal plant now stands, had soon become tootration office and domiciliary quarters.small and not suitable for a burial site. Ten acres of landThere were about 330 Civil War veterans and theirwives in the Home in 1913. By September 1916, the totalmembership had grown to 545 members. The firstSpanish American War veterans were admitted in 1014.Continued expansion of the facilities was necessary toaccommodate this growing membership.During 1914, an Assembly Hall was built, the basement of which was to be used for an amusement roomwith pool and billiard tables and other recreationalfacilities. This building now houses the Home chapel.At about the same time, new quarters were built forthe Superintendent on a scenic point of land on the hill,and the old house at the foot of the hill was remodeled tobe used as the Adjutant’s home. A carpenter shop wasconstructed with a stable underneath for the horses thatdrew the hearse and did other heavy work around thegrounds. The main kitchen had new cement floors andtiles installed, and it was equipped with modern laborsaving conveniences. Much landscaping was done and anelectric cable and arc lights for the grounds were installed.A 30-horsepower enberg engine was installed as anauxiliary in the power house and was used during the dayto run the electric motors for the ice plant, laundry,dishwashing machine, etc.had been purchased on the hill east of the Home, and in1914, a portion of this land was cleared and fenced for anew cemetery. A road was graded and water service wasextended to serve the cemetery. The remains in the oldcemetery were then moved to the new location.During the period 1914-1915 a new concretereservoir with a capacity of 100,000 gallons was erecteda mile and one-half south of the Home on higher ground,where a perpetual flow of running water insured abundantsupply for domestic use and for the sprinklers.In 1916, during the administration of GovernorVeterans Home Cemetery

Lister, the Washington Veterans’ Home post office wasofficially designated “Retsil” – the Governor’s namespelled in reverse. The post office was located in theWashington Barracks until 1953 when it was moved to itspresent location. During these early years, the Retsil mailwas picked up at the Port Orchard Post Office, broughtto the Home and distributed to the members. In 1968, theRetsil Post Office was made a branch of the Port Orchard Postal Station.To maintain the Home at this time required a force ofnearly fifty people. Besides the Superintendent and hiswife as Matron, the force included an Adjutant, Physician,quartermaster, stenographer, engineer, three firemen, fourlaundry workers, two cooks, four pot and dishwashers,ten dining room girls, two captains of barracks, eightnurses, and two janitors, besides help for special work.Maintenance of the Home cost approximately 8,000monthly.As some of the original buildings were nearly tenyears old now, a maintenance program had been set up.Painting the buildings was a continuous project as well asreplacement of some of the flooring, roofing, etc.Major improvements undertaken during the last fewyears of this first decade included adding another fourwing dormitory, an officers’ dining room, and a dietkitchen to the hospital building (McKinley Building); amorgue and garage at the rear of the hospital; and gradingand graveling a permanent driveway from the countryroad to the office.The Olympic BuildingThe population had increased from 187 at the end ofthe first year to 863 in September, 1920. Of these, 459were Civil War veterans and 17 were Spanish AmericanWar veterans. The remaining 387 were wives and widows. Approximately fifty percent of the members were on“extended furlough” status.At Retsil at this time, the advanced age of all theGrand Army of the Republic (GAR) veterans brought tothe home more members who were unable to take care ofthemselves so the hospital force was increased considerably. By September 30, 1922 the population was 426Civil War veterans, 28 Spanish War Veterans, and 3World War veterans for a total of 457. There was still agreat deal of friction between the GAR veterans andthose of the Spanish War, creating a sizable problem forthe Administration. It had grown to proportions where, inGrand Army of the Republic Veterans

a few cases, enforced furloughs were found to benecessary in the interest of discipline. It wasdifficult to convince the Civil War men that theSpanish War veterans were not interlopers buthad the same rights as themselves.The 1920’sBy 1920, the Washington Veterans’ Homewas a well-established institution. The rapid,almost frenzied, pace of development which hadtaken place since 1908 had resulted in a facilitywhich was, for that time, very complete andmodern. No additional major construction wasnecessary until the end of the decade.The first aerial view of the Veterans’ Homeon record was taken during the 1920’s. In the immediateforeground of the photo (shown right) are the WashingtonBarracks and the Superintendent’s quarters. At middleright are the dining hall, kitchen, and Sherwood Building.At upper center stands the McKinley Building (hospital)with all of its additions. The Assembly Hall and OlympiaBarracks are in the center left with the four cottages in thecenter. A bandstand can be seen between the McKinleyBuilding and the cottages. At the far left are the powerhouse and laundry. The fruit orchard dots the hillside tothe left of the Washington Barracks.During the 1920’s, the emphasis was on maintenanceand improvements to the grounds and existing buildings.Roadways were surveyed and the grounds beautified. Agalvanized roof replaced the old shingle roof of thepowerhouse, which was a dangerous fire hazard. A newhot water system was installed, and a filter system wasadded to the water supply. The dining room and kitchenwere remodeled and enlarged to accommodate addedemployees and members. A new bake oven and rangereplaced the original appliances.gram to be instituted and the grounds soon became evenmore attractive to visitors and members.The period 1920 to 1930 saw many changes instatus of membership. Veterans of yet another war, WorldWar I, were beginning to enter the Home. In 1922 therewere three World War I veterans included in the membership. The advancing years were wearing away at the civilWar veterans, and the Spanish-American veteransattained a majority of the membership.Each year more veterans of the Grand Army of theRepublic came to the Home in need of considerable care,thus necessitating an increase in the hospital staff. In1929 the average age of the Civil War veterans was 84.5years, the youngest being 82 years old. Scarcely a weekpassed without seeing one or more of them transferred tothe hospital where they could receive constant care. TheIn 1926, a whitewashed rock sign was placed on thehillside facing the bay. This sign can be seen in the photoof the Washington Barracks on page 20. During WorldWar II, members kept the sign covered with brush forsecurity reasons. After a time it became completelyovergrown, and gradually deteriorated.The position of a head gardener was established in1928. This enabled a more complete landscaping pro-Originally McKinley was built as a Hospital.

ments in the basement wherecouples could reside togetherwhen one of them requiredhospital treatment. It wasthought that this new structure was large enough tohandle all of the hospitalneeds of the members formany years to come. Thisthinking has since changed,of course due to the unforeseen events of World War II,Korea and Vietnam.Auditorium / Dining HallSpanish War Veterans attained a majority of the membership during this period and it made a better feeling between the different factions. The Civil War men werepassing on with more and more frequency, and theSpanish War men would carry the flag and conduct thepatriotic services and eventually assumed the duty ofconducting funerals for the Civil War men. Antagonismgradually disappeared and a feeling of real comradeshipprevailed.It soon became apparent that additional hospitalfacilities were needed. Not only were the Civil Warveterans requiring increasing amounts of hospital care, butthe membership at this time included about 400 memberswho were on extended furlough status. These membershad the right to re-enter the Home whenever they were inneed of hospital treatment. Funds were allocated for thismuch-needed project, and construction of a new hospitalbegan in 1929.The 1930’sThe new hospital which had beenstarted in 1929 was formally opened in1931. The new structure was designedto have a capacity of 110 to 120 beds.It was considered to be a very modernfacility, with ramps for wheelchairs; apharmacy and out-patient clinic; a diningarea for the ambulatory patients andmembers needing special diets, as themain kitchen did not handle any dietarycooking at this time; and small apart-Opening of the hospitalrelieved congestion throughout the Home. The portion of the McKinley Buildingwhich had been occupied by the old hospital was converted to housing, mainly for married couples. Thehousing facilities of the Home now consisted of four largebuildings (the McKinley, Olympia, Sherwood, andWashington Buildings) and four cottages. This housingwould be adequate for many more years, until deterioration began to take its toll on the wooden structures.The Olympia Building was the first of the originalbuildings to fall victim to the ravages of time. The oldwooden structure was considered to be a fire hazard, andduring the period 1933 through 1935 most of the buildingwas demolished, leaving only the portion which housedthe main office.During the first half of the 1930’s, many improvements were made to the Home grounds. A professionalgardener was added to the Staff who devoted all his time

to landscaping. Terraces adjoining the newly pavedentrance roadway were studded with shrubbery, and thegrounds were made more attractive in appearance thanthey had ever been in the past. A new steel flagpole waserected in the center of the grounds. In 1936, a greenhouse was built in which to grow flowers and plants foruse in beautifying the grounds.Construction began in 1936 on a building to housean assembly hall or auditorium, a main dining hall, abakery, a kitchen, refrigeration rooms, a chapel, and apost exchange. This new building was designed to bebeautiful as well as functional. Unlike the earlier buildings,which had been built of wood, this new building wasconstructed in brick and was built to last for many years.Dedication of this grand building was held May 7,1939. It was quite a formal affair, attended by the Governor of the state of Washington, and featured drum andbugle corps, colorful bands, and quartets. A receptionwas held in the evening, followed by dancing. This wasone of the most spectacular affairs ever staged at theHome. The Grand March displayed costumes representing all wars, worn by the members and guests. Minuets,Virginia Reels, and other dances of bygone eras wereenjoyed by large crowd in attendance.Veterans. Veterans of World Wars were later honored bya plaque presented by the local American Legion Post #182, which was established at the Home in 1944.By the end of the 1936 time had taken its toll.Present membership rolls were down.Average age of Civil War Veterans .92.5 yearsAverage age of Civil War widows 83.6 yearsAverage age of Spanish War Veteran 66.2 yearsAverage age of World War I Veteran 46 yearsAge of oldest member .104 yearsAt the end of the 1930’s, only four Civil War veterans remained at the Home. The Spanish-American Warveterans were in the majority with 269 veterans whoseages averaged seventy years. There were 92 World WarI veterans, with an average age of 50 years. The totalpopulation was about 745 members including those onextended furlough status.Through the years 1937, 38, and 39 no new buildings were erected. A rock sea-wall was constructed toprotect our waterfront from erosion by waves caused bypassing ships going to and from the Navy Yard. Additional ground around the reservoir was cleared and atrestle was constructed carrying a ten-inch water main toconnect the two reservoirs.In 1935, ten more acres of land were purchased toadd to the cemetery. With the help of the W.P. A., manyimprovements were made to the cemetery during the nextfive years. The road was resurfaced,the headstones were reset, and thegrounds were fenced. A rock wall waserected along the road which dividedthe two sections. The eastern, or old,part was set aside for the Civil Warveterans and their wives and widows.The western area was dedicated forthe veterans of the World War andtheir spouses.Two monuments were now inplace in the cemetery. They wereerected in memory of our country’sveterans at their final resting place.One of the monuments was donatedby the Women’s Relief Corps and theother by the United Spanish WarMr. and Mrs. James Tastivin: Postmaster at Retsil beginning in 1933.

The 1940’sDuring the years 1940 and 1946, little publicity wasgiven to the Home. There was a war being fought andnewspapers were stretched to capacity to keep the publicinformed on that score. There is scarcely a photograph tobe found and records were very sketchy during thoseyears. Every able-bodied member here at that time madean effort to do their “bit” for the war effort, and picturetaking and record keeping were of lesser importance.For several years after the new hospital was builtthere was little being done. Funds were not available.Much attention was given to beautifying the grounds. Thegreenhouse was modernized, and neglected areas werecultivated and flowers and shrubbery planted. Member sof service organizations continued to donate equipment tothe hospital.In 1942, shortly after Pearl Harbor, the peacefulroutine of the Home was interrupted. Activity at theBremerton Navy Yard was stepped up, and thousands ofpeople were hired to carry the workload. There was notenough housing available in the Bremerton area to handlethis influx of new workers. Government officials lookedover the Home facilities in hopes of taking them over andhaving the veterans move to some other part of the state.This idea ran into so many obstacles that the idea wasabandoned and housing projects were built close to theHome to accommodate the overflow of Navy Yardworkers.View HouseThe upstairs rooms in the east end of the McKinleyBuilding were vacated to accommodate Navy personnel.The widows who occupied these quarters were requiredto double up with others on the first floor. The old Assembly Hall was turned over to the Navy for headquartersand dining area.A part of the grounds of the Chief Engineer’s homeat the bottom of the hill was taken over for a barrageballoon company. This resulted in an incident which wasin keeping with the general confusion that prevailed at thetime. The big balloon broke loose from its moorings onenight and drifted over the grounds until its cables gottangled with the Home flagpole. The military personnelhad to shoot it full of holes to prevent damage to theproperty. The thirty-fourth shot finally brought it to earth.The burst of gunfire caused considerable excitementamong the members and community. Rumors were soonflying that the Japanese were attacking.As was mentioned previously, every member didwhat they could to contribute to the war effort. All ofthose who could do any work found at least part-timeemployment in the shipyard or in the housing projects.These men and women who had already served in onewar weren’t about to let their country down during thiswar.These canons facing the Inlet, were sent to theshipyard for scrapmetal.One side effect of World War II on the Veterans’Home was the loss of two cannons which once stood inback of the Washington Building, facing Sinclair Inlet .The story of how these cannons got here or what theirsignificance was is rather hazy. One account has it that

they had been used in the Philippines, while anotherindicated that they came from an old British war shipthat sailed in these waters about the time of the Pig Warin the San Juan Islands. It is unlikely that either of thesestories will ever be verified, for the cannons no longerexist. They were donated for scrap metal for the wareffort.World War II was eventually brought to a victorious conclusion, and life began to return to normal at theHome.Soon after the war ended, construction began on anew laundry building. This building, which included agarage on the lower level, was completed in 1947. Theold laundry building was completely renovated and isnow used as the maintenance and repair shop.A view house overlooking Bremerton, Manette,Bainbridge Island, and Sinclair Inlet was built in 1948on a point of the land near the hospital. This shelteraffords ambulatory patients a place to relax or entertainvisitors while enjoying beautiful scenery in a peacefulenvironment. The view is particularly beautiful at nightwhen the light of the ships and neighboring communitiesreflect in the water.A bridge connecting the upper floor of thehospital with the higher level grounds near the Washington Building was built to facilitate easier access between th

Retsil Resident, Sunny 2005 REVISED EDITION Graphic/Web Designer, Miriam G. Young Graphic Design Intern, Jason L. Crapo. . the same purpose and were off the same design as Rosecliff and Bayview cottages, were built in 1

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