EDITORIAL PAGE (ASAC) 2012 News - Lta.gov.sg

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EDITORIAL PAGESafetyAnnual Safety Award Convention(ASAC) 2012ASAC gives recognition to LTA’s contractors who have been mostproactive and successful in safety, health and environment efforts. Inaddition to the prestigious awards that will be presented, this year’sevent will feature the launch of the Zero Accident movement and theConstruction Safety Guidebook. Do keep a lookout for the highlights ofthe event in the next issue of Safety News.Safe Use of HeavyMachinery at WorkNewsSPECIAL EDITION / ISSN 1793-1665 SEP 2012LTA 27th Safety WorkshopGuest SpeakerMr Goh Wee Kiatfrom PUBThe 27th Safety Workshop organised by SafetyDivision was held on 16th May 2012 at the HSOAuditorium. It was attended by more than 100officers from Rail, Road Projects and EngineeringGroups. The forum served as an excellentplatform for project teams to share the safetychallenges they faced and how they wereovercome. Topics presented were:1. Changes in Earth Control Measures (ECM)Requirements and Case Studies on LTAConstruction Sites by Mr Goh Wee Kiatfrom Catchment & Waterways Department,Public Utilities Board (PUB).2. Bukit Timah Canal Localized Diversion –Installation of 2.6m Diameter Twin Steel Pipes(C916) by Executive Project EngineerMichael TomExecutive Project EngineerMichael Tom3. Half-Height Platform Screen Doors (HHPSD)Installation At Existing 36 Elevated Stations(C1320) by Principal Engineering OfficerTeo Kim YonPrincipalEngineering OfficerTeo Kim YonEditorial CommitteeAdvisorCorporate Safety CommitteeEditorZarith Sofia Ahmad MagadCirculation OfficerZhuo ShumeiWritersAlvin Kok Chun ChiatRandolph JungAlicia Tan Yee JunAdrian CheongErnest PoonSihan SadikinYeu Eng HockSilvia HalimMohamed Rozmand bin JamaludinContributions or Feedback to:Land Transport AuthoritySafety DivisionNo.1 Hampshire Road, Blk 5, Level 4, Singapore 219428Tel: (65) 6299 6476 Fax: (65) 6396 1188Email address: zarith sofia ahmad magad@lta.gov.sgSafety News is also available online fety first .htmlor scanFeatured Articles02Safe Use of Heavy Machineryat Work04Prevention of Compressed Air Illnessand Barotrauma06Work Safety with Heavy Machineryfor CTE Widening Project08Learning from Japan, Hongkong andSouth Korea on Means of ConstructionNoise Control10Fire and Life Safety In Woodsville Tunnel12Importance of Good Sight VisibilityAlong Roads

SAFE USE OF HEAVY MACHINERY AT WORKIntroductionClassificationFrequency of MaintenanceAll Machinery1 monthSource: LTA General SpecificationCrane, excavator and bored pile rig operators are also requiredto perform daily pre-operation checks on the machinery thatthey are operating.There are numerous and various causes of machinery relatedaccidents that can be broadly categorized into:Figure 3: Planning and coordination meetingsSupervisionDuring the operation of heavy machinery, close supervisionmust be conducted to ensure that the work is carried out in asafe manner and within a safe environment. Special attentionand supervision has to be dedicated to heavy machineryoperations that are carried out late in the night and duringearly morning where fatigue may set in, resulting in loss ofconcentration. We must also step up supervision duringweekends and public holidays when project management stafftend to be fewer.Equipment Lack of maintenance regime Faulty / illegally modified componentsHuman Factor Negligence Inexperience Complacency Poor communicationFigure 6: Inspection: over-derricking limit switchFigure 8: Conducting risk assessmentSafe Work ProcedureSafe work procedure must be developed and cascaded to allpersonnel involved for the purpose of carrying out work safely.Permit-to-WorkPermit-to-Work (PTW) is a system to manage and controlhazardous work and shall be implemented for heavy machineryoperations. The contractor’s supervisor coordinating the heavymachinery operation is to apply for the PTW to carry out theoperation. In the application for PTW, he should state the scopeand conditions in which the operation is to be carried out. Anindependent inspection by an assessor is then conductedon-site to verify that appropriate control measures have beentaken to mitigate any foreseeable risks. After confirming thatthe measures have been implemented, the application wouldthen be approved by an authorized person (typically the projectmanager).Control of work areaAccess to the working area should be restricted to those whoare involved in the work. The work area should be cordoned off,warning signs are to be displayed and steel plates are to beprovided at the base of machines for firm footing.Hence, using the 3Ms approach to manage and mitigate theserisks would ensure that working with heavy machinery wouldbe made much safer.ManTrainingAll personnel involved in the operation of heavy machinery mustattend and pass the relevant training courses. Besides passingthe prescribed courses, it is also important to ensure that thepersonnel are always reminded of the potential hazards thatthe machinery they are operating can pose.Figure 4: All lifting works areclosely supervisedCompetent / AppointedThe relevant personnel associated with the heavy machinerymust be deemed competent and formally appointed prior tooperation of the machines.Figure 1: Appointedcompetent banksmanFigure 10:Demarcated work areaMethodsUse of heavy machinery should be properly planned and safeprocedures should be developed before the actual operation.MachineryFigure 2: Appointedlifting teamFigure 9:Work area cordoned offFigure 7: Excavator operator conducting pre-operation checksFigure 5: Supervision of boredpiling operation26 monthsMaintenance RegimeAll machinery will have to undergo monthly maintenance bythe Crane Maintenance Supervisor or the main contractor’smechanic. All records of the maintenance are to be kept forverification purposes.Causes of Heavy Machinery AccidentsPlanning & Supervision Insufficient procedures / resources Failure to adhere to procedures Lack of supervisionLifting MachineExaminationHeavy machinery such as cranes and bored piling rigs whichinvolve lifting operations have to be examined, load tested andcertified by an Authorised Examiner prior to usage on site.For excavators, it must be examined and certified by thesupplier’s mechanic before commencement of work.Risk assessmentDetailed risk assessment must be carried out before heavymachinery operations as it identifies the associated safety andhealth hazards and the level of risks involved. Measures toreduce the risks identified must also be implemented.ConclusionAs all heavy machinery related operations have an inherentdegree of risk, proper risk management is important to identifythe potential hazards and address them. These risks canbe significantly minimized or eliminated through the 3Msapproach.SAFETY NEWSSAFE USE OF HEAVY MACHINERY AT WORKThe use of heavy machinery, while increasing the efficiency ofconstruction work, carries the inherent risk of causing seriousinjuries and property damage if it is involved in an accident.This article aims to identify common causes of accidentsrelated to heavy machinery and how the associated risks canbe minimized or eliminated through the use of the 3Ms (Man,Machinery and Methods) approach.Frequency of CertificationSAFE USE OF HEAVY MACHINERY AT WORKSAFETY NEWSWith the increase in both infrastructure and building constructionin recent years, many kinds of heavy machinery have beendeveloped to increase the efficiency and safety of constructionwork. Such heavy machinery used on construction sitestypically consist of bored piling rigs, cranes and excavators.PlanningComprehensive planning and coordination among the variousconstruction teams are essential to ensure that all partiesinvolved in the use of the heavy machinery or working nearbyare well aware of the hazards and the measures that can beimplemented to mitigate these hazards.ClassificationIt is of paramount importance to ensure all heavy machineryoperations on LTA sites are carried out safely. With closecollaboration between our project teams and contractors, wecan achieve this goal.Kok Chun Chiat AlvinDeputy Safety & Health ManagerSafety Division3

Prevention of Compressed Air Illness and BarotraumaIntroductionSAFETY NEWSPersonnel who enter and/or work in a compressed airenvironment are exposed to health hazards such asdecompression sickness and barotrauma if the process is notwell managed.Decompression Sickness & BarotraumaDecompression SicknessAt normal atmospheric pressure, the body tissues and bloodare fully saturated with air. When the body is subjected toincreased air pressure, more of the gases in the air (mainlynitrogen and oxygen) get dissolved into the blood andtissues. When the ambient air pressure is reduced too fastduring decompression, these gases are released in the formof bubbles. The oxygen can be utilised by the body throughblood circulation. However, the nitrogen gas bubbles formed inthe blood stream caused obstruction to blood flow giving riseto the symptoms of decompression sickness. There are 2 typesof decompression sicknesses.Type I Decompression SicknessPain in the joints, muscles or limbs may develop soon afterworking in an hour or even later. The pain can be mild to severe.Figure 1: Tunnel Boring MachineEntry & Exit From Compressed Air EnvironmentIn order for personnel to transit safely from a free-air environmentto a compressed air environment, a chamber within the TBM,called the man-lock is used.Type II Decompression SicknessOccasionally, workers may suffer from a more serious type ofcompressed air illness affecting the nervous system, lungs orthe heart. Workers usually feel and appear ill. The onset can beduring decompression, soon after (usually within 45 minutes)or up to 24 hours later. A worker may develop both Type I andType II symptoms from the same decompression.TreatmentAll decompression sickness must be treated by a doctor whois trained in compressed air work and recompression withoxygen breathing in a medical-lock.BarotraumaBarotrauma is the physical damage to body tissues caused bya difference in pressure between the air space inside the bodyand the surrounding atmosphere and typically occurs when thebody moves to or from a higher pressure environment.Damage occurs in the tissues around the body’s air spacesbecause gases are compressible and the tissues are not.During increases in ambient pressure, the internal air spaceprovides the surrounding tissues with little support to resistthe higher external pressure. During decreases in ambientpressure, the higher pressure of the gas inside the air spacescauses damage to the surrounding tissues if that gas becomestrapped. Common symptoms include burst eardrums andbleeding around the eyes.Prevention Of Decompression Sickness &BarotraumaBesides conducting a thorough risk assessment to identify,assess and control the hazards, having a robust system tomanage work in compressed air is essential in preventingdecompression sickness and barotrauma cases.Thecompressed air work management system should also include:1. A medical fitness and surveillance program thatensures personnel working in a compressed on and certified medically fit by anappointed designated workplace doctor. Thereafter,the medical examinations must be carried out atprescribed frequency throughout the course of thecompressed air work.2. A procedure for personnel to declare and report their healthstatus to their supervisors if they have a cold, sore throat,ear-ache or chest infection which would render them unfitfor compressed air work. Personnel with the abovementioned symptoms must not be allowed to continueworking in a compressed air environment as it would increasetheir risk of barotrauma.3. Trained and qualified man-lock attendants to carry out allcompression and decompression procedures.4. A procedure to identify new personnel so that they can betrained and instructed on the precautions to be taken whileworking in a compressed air environment. New personnelmust also be accompanied by experienced personnelas well as given time to acclimatise to a compressed airenvironment.Man-lock5. A monitoring system to ensure that personnel whowork in compressed air environment shall spend atleast 12 consecutive hours at normal atmosphericpressure in any 24 hour period.Safety Precautions When Working In ACompressed Air EnvironmentThe following are some precaution that you can follow toprevent decompression sickness and barotrauma if youwork in a compressed air environment:During Compressioni. Breathe normally and follow the instructions of the man-lookattendant. Pinch your nose and try breathing out. You shouldfell air leaving your ears (this is also known as the Valsalvamanoeuvre); andii. Should there be any discomfort or pain experienced, informthe man-lock attendant.During Decompressioni. Breathe normally; do not hold your breath. Wait patiently forthe man-lock attendant’s signal before attempting to exit theman-lock; andii. Change your position frequently to improve blood circulation.Straighten your arms and legs as far as possible andinform the lock attendant if you develop pain, discomfort ordizziness.After decompressioni. Remain on the worksite for at least an hour if you have beenworking in a compressed air environment with pressure of onebar or more, this is to look out for symptoms of decompressionsickness;ii. Do not take too hot or too cold a bath/shower. In addition, donot fly, dive or engage in strenuous exercises (like jogging orswimming) for at least 24 hours; andiii. Have adequate rest in between shifts and drink plenty ofwater to prevent dehydration.Yoong Yew MengDeputy Manager, Safety & HealthSafety DivisionSAFETY NEWSPREVENTION OF COMPRESSED AIR ILLNESS AND BAROTRAUMALTA tunnelling works can reach depths of 57 meters. At suchdepths, compressed air must applied at the cutter-headchamber of the TBM (area behind the cutter-head) to stabilizethe tunnel face against soil collapse so that site personnel canenter safely to carry out works such as inspection, change ofcutting tools, removing of underground obstruction etc.Personnel working in a compressed air environment must firstenter the man-lock where air pressure is gradually raised to thedesired level (compression) for them to carry out work in thecutter-head chamber. After the work is completed, they willhave to return to the man-lock to decompress allowing theirbodies to normalise to the free-air atmospheric pressure.PREVENTION OF COMPRESSED AIR ILLNESS AND BAROTRAUMATunnel boring machines (TBM), also fondly known as “moles”,are machines used to excavate circular tunnels through varioustypes of soil conditions. They are ideal for use in heavilyurbanised Singapore for the construction of our undergroundrail network as it has the advantage of causing minimaldisturbance to the surrounding ground and its ability to tunneldeep beneath the ground surface.It is important to note that no personnel shall be required orpermitted to be employed in a compressed air environment at apressure more than 3.5 bar unless with prior written permissionfrom the Commissioner for Workplace Safety and Health.Figure 2: Man-lock located in a TBMFigure 3: Medical Lock Chamber45

Work Safety with Heavy Machinery for CTE Widening ProjectWORK SAFETY WITH HEAVY MACHINERY FOR CTE WIDENING PROJECT6The Central Expressway (CTE) has served Singapore well since1991, serving as a vital road link between the city and the Northand Northeast regions of Singapore. Currently, it is heavilyutilized as it provides access to towns such as Ang Mo Kio,Hougang, Sengkang, Yishun, Sembawang and Woodlands.Today, CTE is operating at full capacity and traffic demand isexpected to increase as these towns develop further in the next10 to 15 years. As such, CTE was widened to help alleviate thecurrent traffic congestion and to meet the anticipated increasein traffic demand.5. Ensuring advance notices and sufficient signages on theroad closures and diversions are provided to all affectedstakeholders.6. Check delivery routes for the precast beams and work outcontingency plans for temporary storage along the route incase of transportation breakdown during delivery.Setting Up of Mobile CranesLane and road closures must be effected before the arrival ofthe mobile cranes and accompanying accessories on trailers.Steel plates must be used for the safe sitting of outriggers.After which, the counterweights of the mobile cranes would beinstalled carefully under the watchful eye of LTA’s project team,lifting engineer, supervisor, banksman and safety officer. Allthese are carried out safely behind barricades and after totalroad closure. Once completed, the lifting gears will be attachedand the mobile crane ready for lifting operation.With the completion of CTE widening project in 2012, motoristsnow benefit from 4 continuous lanes along CTE and seamlesstravelling with 2 new flyovers. The widening of CTE involvedthe successful launching of 218 prestressed precast (PSPC)beams, with the heaviest beam weighing 170 tonnes andlongest beam checking in at 45m.This article aims to focus on the various safety processesinvolved while working with mobile cranes for PSPC beamlaunching operations.Use of Prestressed Precast (PSPC) Beam ForRoad Infrastructure WideningPSPC Concrete technology has in the last three decades beenwidely used as major structural components in building andconstruction industry. The technological advancements inPSPC Concrete technology and better logistical capabilities ofmachineries, such as higher capacity cranes, have enabledlarger and longer PSPC concrete elements to be constructedand built into today’s road infrastructure projects. Nowadays,many of the flyovers constructed over major road junctions,intersections and interchanges, bridges spanning over riversand canals, as well as pedestrian overhead bridges areconstructed with PSPC concrete elements.Planning PhaseThe launching of PSPC beams is a complicated process whichrequires advance planning and preparation. This is largely dueto the enormous size and weight of these structural elements. Inthe case of the CTE widening project, proper planning enabledpotential risks to be addressed and mitigated – resulting in asmooth and incident-free launching process. The planning ofbeam launchings were typically conducted in 2 phases, thepreparatory activities and actual site surveys.Figure 5: Completion of PSPC Beam LaunchingFigure 1: Advance Information SignActual Site Surveys1. Carry out detailed site study with a crane launching specialistto determine crane launching location and position.2. Determine whether any affected road furniture, street lightingetc need to be temporarily removed and tree branches thatneeded to be trimmed. Agencies to liaise with includeNParks, and LTA Divisions ITSC and Road InfrastructureManagement (RIM).3. Study and ensure that the ground beneath the mobile cranesis able to support the load during launching4. Check dimensions of space available on site against theactual beam casted at precasting yard before delivery.Figure 3: Arrival of Mobile CranesLaunching of PSPC BeamsThe lifting gear of the mobile crane will be hooked onto thelifting points on the PSPC beams. The launching operationcommences with the slight lift off of the PSPC beams from thecometto and holding in position for 5 minutes to ensure stabilityof the mobile crane and the PSPC beam. Following whichthe mobile crane would proceed to slew and / or extend itstelescopic boom to bring the PSPC beam to its intended launchposition. During the lifting operation, all other personnel are tostay clear of the swing path of the PSPC beams except thoseauthorised using taglines to guide the beam to the intendedposition.Contingency PlansTo prevent disruption to the beam launching operation,contingency and emergency preparedness plans are wellthought through and developed to address any scenarios thatmay arise. Plans for possible scenarios include the breakdownof trailer or mobile cranes, inclement weather, inability tocomplete launching within the specified timeframe, temporarystorage area for precast elements due to cancellation ofoperation, etc.ConclusionProper planning and preparation are the most importantelement in the launching of these PSPC elements. A wellthought out and detailed plan will play a huge role in the safelaunching of PSPC elements resulting in a smooth operation onthe day of launching as well as minimise impact to motorists,stakeholders and workers on site.Preparatory Activities1. Meeting various stakeholders and agencies, including thePublic Transport Operators (PTOs) such as SMRT andSBST to inform them of the actual launch date.2. Discussing with Intelligent Transport System Centre (ITSC)and Traffic Management (TM) on the traffic needs anddemand, and understanding how the portion/stretch ofroad to be closed will impact on other roads andstakeholders access.Figure 6: Completed Flyover at CTE3. Planning road diversions and alternative routes.4. Notifying emergency agencies, such as SCDF, SPF, andnearby hospitals as well as nearby stakeholders such asbusinesses and residents in advance.Figure 4: Hooking up of PSPC BeamsSAFETY NEWSSAFETY NEWSIntroductionSecuring of PSPC BeamsAfter the successful launching of each PSPC beams, they mustbe secured by 3 independent systems of restraints to preventunexpected toppling, dropping or sliding of the launchedbeams due to unforeseen circumstances. This is especiallycritical for beams launched over junctions and over livecarriageways.WORK SAFETY WITH HEAVY MACHINERY FOR CTE WIDENING PROJECTExecution PhaseThe launching of PSPC beams typically involves total roadclosures on expressways or arterial roads for the purpose ofdeploying mobile cranes and their accompanying accessories(counterweights, lifting gear, etc.). Due to the colossal natureof setting up and operation of these mobile cranes, utmostimportance must be paid towards safety in each phase fromsetting up of the cranes to the actual beam launching.Randolph JungSenior EngineerRoad DevelopmentFigure 2: Crane Setting Out Plan7

kong & South KoreaLearning from Japan, Hongon Means of Construction Noise ControlOther Noise Mitigation MeasuresNoise Management MeasuresPoliciesPermit System Restricting Noisy Machinery Used On SiteIn the meeting with Hong Kong Environment ProtectionDepartment (EPD), a unique approach to manage constructionnoise through the use of a permit application procedurewas highlighted. Hong Kong’s construction noise mitigationmeasure includes a permit system which requires contractor toapply for a permit to work with certain equipment or machineryduring specific periods of the day. This policy allows the freeuse of powered mechanical equipment in the day (7am-7pm)while the use of percussive equipment would be subjected tothe issue of a permit to proceed. During night time (7pm-7am),percussive piling is strictly prohibited while the use of poweredmechanical equipment is allowed if the relevant permit isobtained. Such permits can be obtained for duration of a weekto 6 months and issuance of permit is based on the noisemitigation measures proposed and the justification for the useof such equipment.Environmental Impact AssessmentPublic Relation WorksPublic relation (PR) with residents in the area is crucial to allconstruction projects since mutual understanding of needsallows for a smoother progress of the project.Community Outreach CentresPart of Japan and Hong Kong’s Public Relation (PR) worksincludes the use of information centres where the public canaccess information regarding the project. Models, posters andvideos display the various construction methodologies usedin the project as well as to provide updates on the currentconstruction phase.Stakeholders EngagementAs part of its community outreach efforts, Hong Kong PRpractices also involve monthly stakeholders’ engagementand frequent school outreaches. Monthly engagements areusually held in the evening to cater to the working class. Duringthese engagements, updates of the project will be given andstakeholders’ concerns can also be voiced out for discussion.School outreaches are carried out for the purpose of informingstudents and teachers on project works as well as obtainingthe school’s examination schedule so that noisy works can berescheduled to avoid coinciding with examination days.Handing out of flyers containing updates on upcomingworks and noisy activities to nearby residents is a commonpractice for Japan, Hong Kong and South Korea. Such flyersserve to notify residents before noisy works are carried out.This prevents alarming residents when they experience loudintermittent noise coming from site.The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is carried out priorto actual work commencement to assess the possible impact aproposed project may have on the environment. In Singapore,an EIA is not mandatory for construction projects unless theyencroach into nature reserves.EIA Requirements In Japan, Hong Kong and South KoreaIn Japan, the Ministry of the Environment requires an EIA tobe conducted for projects that can potentially cause seriousenvironmental impacts to a broad area of land. Such projectsare generally the construction of national expressways, nationalrailways, airports and new urban residential areas.The Seoul Metropolitan Government has similar requirements.Certain projects listed in the EIA Act will be required to carryout an EIA. Noise and vibration will be taken into considerationat EIA stage for construction sites over 100,000m2.Figure 2: Community Liaison Centre in Hong KongOther PracticesAcoustic Enclosure Of Launch ShaftsThe total noise enclosure seen on construction sites in Japansurround the launch shafts used for tunnelling works. Theseenclosures contain all the machinery needed for the soilremoval, lifting and lowering of equipment needed for thetunnel boring process. Enclosures are effective in reducingnoise especially when works are situated close to residentialareas.Figure 5: Classrooms with retrofitted airconditioning and double glazed windows.ConclusionFigure 3: Total noise enclosure in JapanReal Time Display Of Construction NoiseA real time display of construction noise was seen attached toa site hoarding at one of the site visits in South Korea. The LEDscreen was in full view of the public. This is done to establishaccountability to the public with regards to noise emissionlevels from site. The public can express their concern througha hotline should noise exceed the stipulated noise limits. Inaddition, real time noise monitoring on receiver’s end is carriedout by installing noise meters on the nearest noise sensitivereceivers (NSRs). The results for both monitoring systemsare recorded on an online database system that can only beaccessed by the contractor and developer. The data would beused for future noise technology developments.In summary, construction noise in all three countries is managedfrom the planning stage and throughout the construction phaseof a project. This approach is similar to that practised by LTAeven though an EIA is not required at the planning stage. Evenwith the innovative use of acoustic barriers and enclosures,construction scheduling and public relation works at theconstruction phase, noise levels generated from constructionsites may still deem to be intrusive to the adjacent residents,especially at night. Alternative working methods and quietertechnology thus remain the key elements in noise reduction.To continually improve, LTA will organise an overseas learningtrip focusing on construction noise in the hopes of learning andadopting the available technology and best practices fromother countries.Alicia Tan Yee JunAssistant Environmental ManagerSafety DivisionIn Hong Kong however, the EIA is mandatory for all constructionworks according to the Hong Kong Environmental ImpactAssessment Ordinance.Public Patricipation In The EIA ProcessThe EIA process in Japan opens up a few avenues for the publicto share feedback on the assessment conducted. Contractorswould have to consider comments from the government agency8and the before projects can commence. Similarly in Hong Kong,the EIA is published to gain public feedback. Comments haveto be addressed before the EIA is approved. The approved EIAis then submitted in order for an Environmental Permit (EP) tobe issued for civil works to begin. Public participation however,is not required under South Korea’s EIA Act.SAFETY NEWSLEARNING FROM JAPAN, HONG KONG & SOUTH KOREA ON MEANS OFCONSTRUCTION NOISE CONTROLIn recent years, there has been a rising trend in the numberof feedback received on the general issue of environmentalnoise. To meet the public’s expectations for a quieter livingenvironment, a working group comprising of NEA, LTA, URA,NParks, HDB and SMRT was formed to better manage landtraffic noise. An overseas study trip to Japan, Hong Kongand South Korea was organised to understand the policies,guidelines and regulations practised in these countriesto manage land traffic noise. Although construction noisemanagement is not the main purpose of this trip, the workinggroup found time to visit some construction sites. This articleshall highlight and discuss some learning points for theconstruction noise management processes and mitigationmeasures adopted by the different countries.Based on interaction with some Japanese and Hong Kongcontractors, the installation of double glazed windowsfor residents is sometimes necessary based on therecommendations in the EIA. In Hong Kong, schools as wellas homes near to construction sites have benefited from theinstallation of double glazed windows. In some cases whereresidents are advised to keep their windows shut, subsidy forair-conditioning would also be provided. To date, the provisionof double glazed windows at affected schools have benefited500,000 studentsLEARNING FROM JAPAN, HONG KONG & SOUTH KOREA O

Deputy Safety & Health Manager Safety Division Supervision During the operation of heavy machinery, close supervision must be conducted to ensure that the work is carried out in a safe manner and within a safe environment. Special attention and supervisio

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