Word Roots For Anatomy And Physiology

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Word Roots for Anatomy and PhysiologyA103R04.02Rev. 008Researched and Compiled by Grant Walters. Updated Tue 09 Sep 2009.LegendAbbreviationsGLNIFASEDMLBGreekLatinNew LatinItalianFrenchArabicSanskritEnglishGerman (Deutsch)ExamplemuscleligamentboneSymbols»› ()[]{}Word Root Symbologygenetivederivativediminutivepast participlenominative tion / separationOrigin/Meaning word linkInteresting side noteabc-xyzabcabcdRoot Abbrev.ab/cab\cda\b\cd-a\bcRoot Abbrev.a\b/cPrefix (can be combining)Suffix (can be combining)Underlined letter optionalRoot in bold2 Root VariationsRoot 1Root 2ab (ab - c)ac (ab - b c)ab (ab - cd)abcd (ab cd)ab (a - bcd)acd (a - b cd)abc (a bc)bc (- a bc)3 Root VariationsRoot 1Root 2Root 3a (a - b - c)ab (a b)ac (a c)Simple Word GGGGLLLLGGGGLGGGGGLGGGLGGLLGLLGGLGGwithout, notSee anaway from[to conceal] stow away, cover[sharp (point)] spine, thorn (of plant)[vinegar] vinegar cupberry, kerneltopmost, extremityrayhearto: move toward, change, add, intensifySee adSee adSee adSee adSee adSee adSee adSee adSee adSee adglandfatSee haem: different, othersausageof one anotherhollow cavity[lamb] sac {caul birth membrane}changeon both sides of, doublea small jugalmondanusup (back, again)See an[crook] elbowcornervesselstranglinga ringgooseagainstpreceding, beforecave[raise, lift up] hanger, strapSee aorttip, extremityaway, from (off), unquiteSee apoacelous, agnatha, amoralanapsid, anaemia, anaesthesiaabduction, abductor digiti minmi Mabdomen, rectus abdominis Macanthodii, acanthocephalan, acanthusacetabulum, acetic acidacinar glandacropolis, acromegaly, acromion,actin, actinopterygiiacousticsadduction, adorbital, adrenalinascend, aspect, aspersion, astatic, astigmatismaccessory, acknowledge, accident, acquire (as in AIDS)afferent, afflictionagglutinin, aggressivealleviate, allusion, alluvialannulus fibrosus, annihilate, annotateapprehension, approximatearrector pili M, arrayassembly reassure, assessmentattenuate, attribute, statement of attainmentadenopophysis, adenoid, adenoma, adenosineadipose, adipocyteanaemia, anemicaerobic, anaerobicanaesthetic, synaesthesiaagonist, antagonist, agonyalar foramen, aliform, alisphenoid B, sacral alaeaxil, axilla, axillary border (of scapula)corpus albicans, albino, linea albaalimentary canalneuralgia, neuralgic, analgesicallotheria, allopathyallantoic artery, allantosalleles, parallelalveolar, alveoli, alveolusamnion, anamniote, amniocentesisamoeba, amoeboid, amoebic dysentryamphibian, amphicoelous, amphioxus, amphoraampulla of Lorenzini, ampuleamygdaloid, amygdalalevator ani M, anal, anus, anilingusanaphase, anatomy, anamnesisanionanconeus M, ankylosisangle, depressor anguli oris M, angularangiitis, angiomaangina pectorisannulus fibrosuspes anserinusantagonist, antacid, anticoagulantantebrachium, anterior, antemortem, anteriolateralantrum, antraaorta, aortic archarteriole, arteriosclerosis, arteryapex (of heart), apical lamina, apiculateapophysis, apocrine, apoptosis, apomixisaphelion, pa- ( cons)an- ( vowel)ab[abdo] abdere › abdomen[ake aketon] akantha(L [acetum] › acetabulum)acinusakros akromaktinakouo › akoustikosada- ( sc, sp, st)ac- ( c, k, q)af- ( f)ag- ( g)al- ( l)an- ( n)ap- ( p)ar- ( r)as- ( s)at- ( t)adenosadeps adipis(See haem) › aimiaaer » aeroaisthesisagon » agonistesala(See ala/i) axillaalbus › alboalere › alimentumalgosallosallas » allantosallelalveus alveolus[amnos] › amniosamoibeamphiampullaamugdaleanusana- ( cons)an- ( vowel)[agkuloo] agkonangulusaggeionagkhoneannulusanser anserinusantiante- anteriorantron[aeiro] aorter(See aort) arteriaapex apicisapo- ( cons)ap- ( h, vowel)Copyright Grant Walters and MCPTWord Roots for Anatomy and PhysiologyPage 1 of 12

ondrchordchorchromchyl/mcidcilicinercingul[hapto] › hapsisaquaarachne[arcus] arcuare (F arche)[arkhe] arkhaiosarea areolaarthronartus articulusarytaniaasperastragalos (L astragalus)athereAtlasatriumauraauris auriculaauscultare › auscultatioautosavis aves[axon, axios] › axioma[fasten] junction, vault {arch join at top}waterspider[bow, curve] to bend like a bow[beginning] ancientvacant groundjointjointladlerough[gaming die] ankle bonegroats (crushed oats)a god who holds up the heavensentrance room, vestibulebreeze, breathearlisten toselfbird[axis, worthy] pivotsynapse, synaptic, anapsidaqueous solution, aquaticarachnid, arachnoid membranecoracoarcual M, arcuate line (of illium), pubic archarchinephros, archipallium, archaeology, menarcheareolar connective tissue, areola (of nipple)arthropathy, arthritisarticle, articular cartilagearytenoid cartilagelinea asperaastragalus B, astragalaratherosclerosisatlanoscapularis M, atlasatrium (of heart)auraauricle, auricular surface (of ilium)auscultatory methodautogenousaves, aviaryaxle, axon, axial ighta tread (of stairs), stepping, pedestal[two] two togetherSee binlifeSee biobilesproutthrow[clod] lump (ball)upper armgillslowshortwindpipegnash the teethsell, grow[cheek] trumpeta bubble, seal[hide, leather] bag, pursebaroceptors, barometer, hyperbaric, millibarbasal laminabinocular, binatebiceps brachii M, bipedbiochemistry, biosphere, biologyamphibian, microbialbilirubin, bile ductblastocyte, fibroblast, chondroblast, osteoblastmetabolic, catabolism, embolismbolusantebrachium, brachialis M, brachioradialis M, embracebranchial, elasmobranchiibradycardiaperoneus brevis M, abbreviatebronchus, bronchiole, bronchibruxismembryo, embryonic, bryophytesbuccolabial, buccal, buccinator Mtympanic bullabursae, bursitis, LLGGLLGGGGLGGGLLLLblind (gut)lime, heelcuphard skinheatheadSee caputSee caputSee caputhaira shell[charcoal] little glowing emberscrab (zodiac sign)heart[hinge] principal {4 virtues for conduct}fleshcarrotstupefy {compress carotids stupor}wristcheesedowntailhollowheadtakewaxSee kerat: horntailbrainneckcrossfunnelbile (anger)cartilagestringskin, afterbirthcolourjuice (infusion)fall (cut)eyelash, eyelid[ashes] colour of ashesgirdlecaecum, ileocecal valvecalcaneus, calcify, calciumcalicivirus, calyx, renal calyxcallus, corpus callosum, callouscalories, calorimetercaputcapital, capitulum, capitulatetriceps M, biceps brachialis Moccipital B, occipitalis Mcapillarycarapacecarbon, carbohydrate, carbide, carbunclecarcinogen, carcinomacardiotoxic, cardiovascular, cardiac, cardioidcardinal veincarnal, carnivore, trabeculae carnaecarotenecarotid arterycarpal, carpus, flexor carpi radialis Mvernix caseosa, casein, caseinogencatabolism, catatoniccaudal, caudofemoralis Mcavity, vena cava, caveolae, caverncephalic, cephalochordate, holocephalicperceptioncerumen, ceruminous glandsceratobranchial, ceratotrichiacercaria, heterocercal fincerebrum, cerebral cortex, cerebrospinal, cerebellumcervical, cleidocervicalis M, uterine cervixoptic chiasmachoanaductus choledochus, cholesterol, cholerachondrocyte, chondrify, chondrocraniumchordae tendineae, chordate, notochordchorion, choroid layer (of eyeball), choroid plexuschromosome, chromatid, chromatinchyle, chyme, mesenchyme, ecchymosisgermicide, homicidal, accident, deciduous placentacilia, corrugator supercilii M, superciliousincinerate, tuber cinereumcingulate cortexbarosbasis[bin-] bini ( vowel)bi- ( cons)bios bio- ( cons)bi- ( vowel)bilisblastosballo › bole[bolos] ruo[bucca] buccinabulla[bursa] (L bursa byrsa)caecuscalx » calciskalyx (L calyx)calluscalorcaput» capitis capitulum› -cepsciputcapilluscarapace[carbo] carbunculuskarkinoskardia[cardo] cardinaliscaro » carniskaroton (L carota)[karoo] karotides (L era(See kerat) keras keratoskerkoscerebrum cerebellumcervix » omakhulos khumoscadere › -cidiumcilium cilia[cinis] cinereuscingulumCopyright Grant Walters and MCPTWord Roots for Anatomy and PhysiologyPage 2 of 12

GLGLLGGLLLLLGGGG[ring] about, round[a box, basket] enclosebroken in pieceslattice barskey[key] barsmall hillsewershin, tibiawith (together, jointly)See coSee coSee coSee coberry[cuckoo] shape of cuckoo’s billland snailhollowlarge intestine (colon)neckhillsea shellknuckleagainstdunga raven, crowhorncrown, something curvedbodybarkribhip boneskullfleshburnto hang (suspend)sieveringsiftridge, crestfringecross {religious symbol important}lower leg, shankfrosthiddencap, hoodwedgecask, tubpoint, apexskindark bluecirclebladderhollow vessel, cellcirculation, circadian rhythm, circumduction, circumcisionterminal cisternaeosteoclastclathrin, clathrateclavicle, subclavian arterycleidoic egg, sternocleidomastoideus M, cleithrumclitoris, glans clitoris, clitoralcloacagastrocnemius M, cnemialcohesive, cogitate, cognitivecollateral Lconcentriccomminuted (fracture)corrective, corrugator supercilii Mcoccidosis, streptococcus, staphylococcuscoccyx, sacrococcygealcochlea, vestibulocochlear nerveacoela, coelum, neurocoele, celiac arterycolic, colon, coloniccollar, longus colli Mrostral colliculusconcha, conchologyepicondyle, occipital condyle, condylarcontraceptive, contraindication, contralateralcoprodeum, coprophagy, copralitecoracobrachialis M, coracoid processcornea, cornify, hyoid cornua, stratum corneumcoronary arteries, coronal plane, coronoid processcorpse, corpus callosum, corpus luteumcerebral cortex, corticospinal tract, hydrocortisonecostovertebral, external intercostal Mcoxal, coxaechondrocranium, cranialpancreas, pancreaticcremate, crematoriumcremasteric Mcribriform platecricoid cartilageendocrinology, exocrinecrista galli, cristaecrossopterygiananterior cruciate L, crucialcrus penis, abductor cruris M, crural fasciacryogenics, cryosurgerycryptomenorrhea, crypt, cryptosporidiumcucullaris Mcuneiform B, funiculus cuneatuscup, cupula, cupulecusp, bicuspid, tricuspidcuticle, cutis, subcutaneouscyanosis, cyanobacteria, cyanidecyclic, cyclostomata, bicyclecyst, cystic ductlymphocyte, osteocyte, ingExampleGGLGGLGGGGLGLLFGLGLLG (fourth letter of Greek alphabet)treetoothskin, leatherband, chainright (side)[twice] twothrough (apart, across)See diatesticlefingerthirstoff, fromSee disSee disdayback[course, running] runner[to lead, (draw)] a leading[hard] endurebaddeltoideus M, deltadendrite (of neuron), telodendria, dendrochronologydens, dentary B, dentine, dentistdermal B, epidermis, ostracodermdesmosome, syndesmoses, desmidoculi dexter, dextral, dexedrine, dexteritydiapsid reptile, digastric Mdiameter, diaphragm, diaphysisdiencephalonepididymisdigit, digitigrade, extensor digitorum M, interdigitatepolydipsia, dipsomaniadisinfect, dischargedifferential, diffusion, diffractdeactivation, degenerativediurnaldorsum, dorsal, latissimus dorsi Msyndrome, dromedary, prodromalabduction, duct, oviduct, ductus deferensdurable, dura mater, subduraldyspepsia, aningExample[out of] outsidea soundbeaten metal (thin plate)in, into, onSee en1in, insideSee en2ecchymosis, eccrine, ectopic pregnancy, ectoblastechocardiogram, echoencephalographyelasmobranchiienanthema, encapsulate, encysted, enlargementembolism, embalm, emplacementenergy, encephalomyelitis, enuresis, enema, endermicembryogenesis, emphatic, empyema[circus] circa circum[kiste] L cisternaklastosklethra (L clathri)clavis clavicula[kleis » kleidos] kleithronkleitoris » kleitoridoscloacakneme (E cneow)com- cum ( vowel, h, gn)col- ( l)con- ( other cons)com- ( b, m, p, f, vowel)cor- ( r)kokkus[kokkux] kokkyxkokhloskoiloskoloncollumcollis colliculuskonkhekondulos (L kondylus)contrakoproskorax » korakoscornucoronacorpuscortex » umkrikoskrinocristakrossoicrux cruciscrus crurakruoskruptos › kruptecuculluscuneuscupa cupulacuspiscutiskuanos › kuaneoskykloskystiskytosdeltadendrondens » dentisdermadesmosdexter[dis] didia- ( cons)di- ( vowel)didymosdigitusdipsa › dipsodisdif- ( f)(See dis) dedies › diurnusdorsum[dromos] dromas[ducere duct-] ductus[durus] duraredus-[ek-] ektos › ektoekheelasmosen- (L in-)em- ( b, p)enem- ( b, p)Copyright Grant Walters and MCPTWord Roots for Anatomy and PhysiologyPage 3 of 12

GLLLwithinintestinedawnupon, aboveworkredsievegood, trueout of, away fromSee exSee exoutsideendoderm, endoskeleton, entotympanic B, entranceenteron, mesenteryEocene, eotheriaepicondyle, epidermis, epididymis, epithalamusenergy, synergisterythema, erythrocyte, erythropoiesisethmoid Beutherian, euaesthesia, eukaryoteexfoliate, exocytosis, exoskeleton, exiteversion, enucleateductuli efferentes, efferent neuronextracellular, extraneous, external LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLsickle[band, door, frame] bundlethroatwindowto carry (bear), tendironfibrebuckle, pinto split (cleave)thread[felt] filter {felt used as filter}fringeto whipflameflabby[blow] blowingyellowto bendtuft of woolleafbellows (a bag)fountainan openingshape, rulea vault, arch, brothel[to dig] a ditchforeheadput to flight (driving out)cord, ropebottom (piece of land)mushroomfalciform L, falx cerebrifascia, fascicle, fasciculus cuneatusfauces, faucialfenestra cochlea, temporal fenestraafferent neuron, deferent duct, efferent arterytransferrin, ferritin, ferrousfibre, fibrous, fibromyositis, fibroblast, fibril, fibrinogenfibulamultifidus M, fissure, fissiparous, fissionfilamentous, filiform papillaefilter, filtrum, filtrationfimbria (of hippocampus)flagellum (of sperm), flagellateinflammation, nevis flammeusflaccid paralysisflatus, flatulence, inflateligamenta flava, riboflavin, flavinecircumflex iliac artery, flexion, reflex, reflectionflocculonodular lobecerebellar folia, foliage, foliate papillae, folic acidhair folliclefontanels (of foetal skull)foramen magnumdigitiform gland, falciform L, formulafornicate, hippocampal fornixfossil, fossorial, mandibular fossa, fossa ovalis of heartfrontal B, frontvermifuge, centrifugal, fuguefuniculi (of spinal cord), funiculargastric fundus, flexor digitorum profundus M, fundfungiform papilla, LLG[cock (rooster)] hen[marriage] wifea swelling, tumourstomachtwin-born (Gemini)knee {newborn accepted on father’s}[be born, become] beget, race (kind)[jaw] chinsprout[old age] old mancarrysmoothdull grey-greencavity, socketglueballtonguesweetgluebuttockjawto knowa wedge-shaped nail, clubgeneration, seed[pleasing] slender[to steer] a rudderthroattastecircle, roundcrista galli, gallivant, gallimimusgametes, gametocyteganglion, gangliformdigastric M, gastric glands, gastrocnemius Mgemellus superior M, trigeminal nerve, geminigeniculate bodies, genuflect, genu varuscongenial, congenital, genetics, pathogen, progenygenioglossus Mgerm, germinate, germinal epithelium (of gonads)geriatrics, gerontologygestationglabella (of frontal B), glabrous (of skin)glaucomaglenoid fossaneuroglia, glial cellsglomeruli, glomerulosclerosisgenioglossus M, hypoglossal nerve, epiglottisglucose, glucogenesis, glycoproteins, glycogensgluten, glutamic acid, agglutinategluteus maximus Magnatha, gnathostome, prognathosgnostic sense (of self), agnosticgomphosisgonads, gonorrhoeagraceful, fasciculus gracilis, gracile, gracilis Mgubernatorial, gubernaculum (of testis)gular, gulletgustatory sense (of taste), gustocerebral gyri, gyrate, gyroscopeHOriginMeaningExampleendon entosenteroneosepiergoneruthrosethmoseuex- (L ex-)e- ( some cons)ef- ( f)exterus extrafalx » falcis[fascia] fascis fasciculusfaucesfenestraferreferrumfibra fibrillafibulafindere fissusfilum filamentum[felt] L filtrum filtrarefimbriaflagellareflammaflaccus flaccidus[flare] flatus › flatulentusflavusflectere flexusfloccusfoliumfollis folliculusfons fontisforamenformafornix[fodere fossus] fossafrons » frontisfugare › -fugusfunis funiculusfundusfungus[gallus] gallina[gamos] gametegaggliongastergeminusgenu[gignomai] (L genere genus)[genus] geneiongermen germinis[geras] gerongerere › gestareglaber glabellusglaukosglenegliaglomus glomerglossa glottaglukusgluten glutinisgloutusgnathosgignosko › gnomongomphosgonos[gratus › gratia] gracilis[gubernare] gubernaculumgula (F goule gullet)gustusgyroshabenL haben habenulahaemG haimahalluc/xL halluxhamL hamus hamulushaptG (See –aps/t) [hapto] haptikoshemiG hemihepar/tG hepar » hepatoshes/rL haes haerereCopyright Grant Walters and MCPThabenula of epithalamusa straphaemorrhage, haematocyst, hemal archbloodflexor hallucis longus M, halluxbig toehamate B, hamulus (of pterygoid B)a hookhapten, haptic[fasten] able to touchhemibranch, hemichordate, hemispherehalfheparin, hepatic duct, hepatic portal vein, hepatitisliveradhesion, adherestickWord Roots for Anatomy and PhysiologyPage 4 of 12

GGGother, differentgapehorsehairy, shaggytissue, webwhole, entirealike, the sameimpelshoulderliquid {body fluid affecting disposition}glasswaterupsilon ( )above, oversleepunder, beneathSee hypowomb {women are hysterical}heterocercal, heterogeneityhiatus (of diaphragm), sacral hiatushippocampus, hippeastrumhirsutismhistology, histiocytesholocephalic, holonephros, holostei, hologramhomodont, homology, homoeostasis, homogeneoushormones, hormonalhumerus, glenohumeral jointaqueous humour, humoral immunityhyaline cartilagedehydration, hydrogen, hydrophobic, hydrophilichyoid B, hyoglossus Mhyperactive, hypertrophyhypnosis, hypnotherapyhypoglossal nerve, hypothalamushypaxial, hyponychiumhysterectomy, hysterodynia, LLLLLLLLLLLLLGLLLLGGGGGGdoctorjaundiceblow, strikefishilium (upper bone of pelvis)not, without, lackingSee in1See in1See in1in, on, into, towards, withinSee in2See in2See in2organic products, derived substancesforefinger, informer, sign {banned books}selfan anvilto excrete[below, beneath] that is below[of the groin] groinbetween, amongwithin, insiderainbowkeep back (stop)hip (joint)state (condition)equal, sameinflammatory diseasesgeriatrics, paediatriciankernicterus, icterusictusosteoichthyesiliacus M, iliopsoas M, ilium, ileum, gastroileal reflexinflammable, indivisibleillicit, illegalimbalance, immedicable, immunity, impermeableirreducible, irremediable, irruptioninduceilluminate, disillusionimbibe, imbrue, immigrate, impregnate, implantirradiate, irrigation,melanin, serotonin, fibrin, medicineextensor indicis M, index fingeripsilateralincus (of ear)perineuminfraspinatus M, inferior, depressor labii inferioris Minguinal canalintercostal M, interparietal Bintracellulariris (of eye), iridescentischaemiaischial, ischiumhyperthyroidismisothermal, isometric, isomergastritis, peritonitis, ExampleLLLLL[throw] boastfasting (empty)join [yoke] collar bone, throata joiningnext, near, besidejactitation (of muscle)jejunum (usually empty when dissected), jejuneconjugal, conjugation, jugular veinjunction, conjunctiva, conjunctivitisjuxtaglomerular apparatus, ginMeaningExampleGGGGGGGGkernelclawSee cerat: hornSee acet\abulthousand[move] movementwavebenteurkaryote, prokaryote, karyokenesiskeloidkeratin, keratinised, keratosis, radial keratotmy (of eye)ketosis, ketone, ketonuriakilocalorie, kilogramkinaesthesia, kinetic energy, kinematicskymographthoracic hyperkyphosis, klevlienOriginMeaningExampleLGLLLLGLLLLGGLGGLL[to fall] lipmazetorn[tear] weep[milk] suckle[lake] poolflasklayer, thin plateside, widebe hiddenloose[to peel] sheath, huskribbona lentil[take] disposed to takewhiteto raisespleenlabium, labile (of cells), glenoid labrum, labretlabyrinthodontiaforamen lacerum, lacerationlacrymation, nasolacrimal duct, lachrymoselactose, lactate, lacteal, lactescencelacunaelagenalamina terminalis, delaminate, lamellar Btensor fascia latae M, lateral, latissimus dorsi Mlatent heat, latencyrelaxed, laxativesarcolemma, plasmalemmalateral lemniscuslens, lentiform nucleus, lentigoorganoleptic, epilepsyleucoma, leukocyte, leukaemialevator labii superioris M, elevate, alleviatelienogastric arteryheteroshirarehipposhirsutushistosholoshomos homoioshormao hormonhumerushumorhauloshudor › hudrohuhyperhupnoshypo- ( cons)hyp- ( vowel)hustera husterikosiatrosikterus ikterosicereichthys » ichthyosilium ileuminil- ( l)im- ( b, m, p)ir- ( r)inil- ( l)im- ( b, m, p)ir- ( r)-ina (F -ine)index indicisipseincusinan[infra-] inferus[inguinalis] ingueninterintrairis › iridosiskhoiskhion-izo › -isma › -ismosisos-ites › -itis[jactare] jactitarejejunusjug- [jugum] jugulumjungere junctjuxta-karuonkhele(See cerat) keros keratosaketon (D keton)khilioi (F kilo)[kineo] kinesiskumakuphos kuphosis[labi] labiumlaburinthos (L labyrinthus)lacer › lacerare[lacrima] lacrimare[lac lactis] lactare[lacus] lacunalagenoslamina lamellalatus » laterislatere latentlaxus[lep -ein] L lemmalemniskos (L lemniscus)lens » lentis[lambano] leptikosleukoslevarelien (cf splen)Copyright Grant Walters and MCPTWord Roots for Anatomy and PhysiologyPage 5 of 12

lun\ullutelymphlys/tLLLGGGGLLLLLLLG[ligare] ligamentumlimbuslengua lingulaliposlissoslithoslordos lordosis[lucere] luciduslumbuslumbricuslumen luminisluna lunula[luteum] luteuslympha[luo] lusis[bind] bondedge, bordertonguefatsmoothstonebent backwards[shine] clearloinearthwormlight, an openingmoon[egg yolk] yellowwater[loosen] loosening (break down)ligamentum nuchae, ligand, ligaturelimbic lobelingualis M, lingual nerve, sublingual gland, anilinguslipophage, bilipid, lipase, liposuctionlissamphibialithosphere, otolithlumbar hypolordosis, lordoticstratum lucidum, septum pellucidum, luciferlumbar artery, thoracolumbar fascia, lumbagolumbrical Mlumen, illuminate, luminescentlunate B, lunatic, semilunar valve, lunula (of nail)corpus luteum, lutein, luteousendolymph, lymphocyte, lymphatic systemhydrolysis, lysis, lysosome, analysis, ong, largespot, meshgreat[ill] badsofthammerbreastbe mad[hand] handlepurse, pouch[barley-cake] knead (dough)chewgnash teethbreast[food (meat)] fattening, feedingmother[run, flow] h] menstrualmembranechina part, sharemiddlebeside, with, afteruterussmallto make watersmallest, e {muscles little mice under skin}changemarrowmusclemillstone, molarmacromolecule, macrophagemacula lutea, immaculateforamen magnum, magnify, adductor magnus Mmalfunction, malnutrition, grand malosteomalacia, chondromalacia patellamallet, malleus, malleolusmammalian, mammary glands, mamillary bodyerotomania, manicmanual, manus, manubriummarsupialia, marsupiummass, massage, masseur, masseusemasseter Mmastication, masticmastoid process, mastectomy, neuromast, mastodonneuromast, mast cellmaternal, dura mater, pia mater, matriarchpermeable, acoustic meatus, external auditory meatusmedial, median plane, mediastinum, vastus medialis Mmedulla oblongata, renal medullamegakaryocyte, acromegalymeiosismelancholy, melanin, melanocytesmenarchelateral meniscusmenses, menstruation, premenstrualmeninges, meninx, meningitismental foramen, mentalis Mmerocrine glands, polymerasemesencephalon, mesentery, mesoderm, mesonephrosmetacarpal, metanephros, metatherianendometrium, mesometrium, metroscopemicroscopemicturition, mictionminimal, abductor digiti minimi M, adductor minimus Mrostral commissure (of brain), mittentmitochondria, mitosis, mitoticmitral valve, mitreamnesia, anamnesis, mnemonicmonarch, monotremata, monospasmelasmobranchiomorphi, morphologymultifidus M, multiple sclerosis, multinuclearintramural ganglionmuscle, muscular, musculoskeletal systemmutation, mutagenicmyelencephalon, myelin, myeloblastsmyology, myomere, myotome, myofibril, myotherapistmylohyoid cl\enuchaGLGLLGLGGGGGLLGGLGLAdwarfnostrilmake numbnose[be born] nation[saltpetre] sodiumshipcorpsenew, recentkidneytendon, nervebondto wink[harm] harmful[understand] intellectual[arrange, manage] law (govern)name {Roman’s second}backpit, kernel, little nut[spinal marrow] nape of necknanometre, nanotechnologynaris, external naresnarcotic, narcosis, narcolepsynasal B, nasalis Mprenatal development, natalatrial natriuretic factor, natrium (sodium)navicular B, navynecrosis, necrotising fasciitisneoplasm, neopalliummesonephros, nephron, protonephridia, nephritisneurocoele, neuromast, aneurysm, neurophysiologynexusnictitating membranenociceptors, noxiousnoetic, nous, anoesisautonomic nervous system, astronomyinnominate artery, innominate B, nominalnotochordnucleus, nucleolus, nuclidenuchal crest, ligamentum nuchaemakrosmaculamagnusmale (F mal-)malakosmalleusmamma » mammalis mamillamainomai[manus] manubriummarsupium[maza] masso (L massa)masaomai › masetermastikhao (L masticare)mastos[mete] D mastmater matris › maternus[meare] meatusmedius › medialismedullamegasmeion › meiosismelasmene meniskos[mensis] ct- minct- mingereminimusmittere missmitosmitra mitralismnemon › mnemoikosmonosmorphemultusmurus › muralismus musculusmutare › mutatiomyelosmysmylenanosnaris naresnarkoonasus[nasci nat-] natalis[nitron] A natrumnavis naviculanekrosneosnephrosneuronneksusnictare[noxa] noxius[noeo] nous noetos[nemo] nomosnomennotosnux nucella[nuka] L nuchaCopyright Grant Walters and MCPTWord Roots for Anatomy and PhysiologyPage 6 of 12

nul\lnuncinutriL nullusL nunciusL nutrirenonemessengernourishannulus fibrosus, nullabor, nulliparainternuncial neuron, nuncio, renunciatenutrition, st, in the way ofSee obSee obSee obslanting, crookedeyetoothpainswellwithin?gadfly, frenzy[of form] resemblesSee -oidto smell[small] fewshoulder[result of verbal action] tumourmembranea mass, barbnail, clawegg[eye] of sightto rocess, condition (Pathology: state)smell, odourpushingdoor, openingboneshell, potsherd {used as voting ballot}pertaining to the earegg[sharp] acidic {acidifying principle}See oxyobstruction, obstetricsoccipital B, occipitalis Moffensiveopposition, opponens pollicis Moblique, obliquus externus abdominis Mbulbus oculi, orbicularis oculi M, monocularlabyrinthodont, thecodont, orthodontist, mastodoncoccygodynia, anodyneoedema, lymphoedemiaoesophagusoestrogen, oestrussphenoid, rhomboideus major M, mastoid processhaploid, polyploidolfactory organoligodendrocytes, oligosaccharide, oligarchymetacromion, omohyoid M, omotransversariuslymphoma, carcinomagreater omentumonchocerciasis, oncology, oncogeneeponychium, hyponychium, onychophoranepoophoron, oogenesis, oocyteoptic nerve, myopia, myopicoperculumophthalmic nerve, ophthalmologistopisthonephros, opisthoticorb, orbicularis oculi M, orbit, orbicularis oris Mmesorchium, orchid (shape of root)organism, organ, organelleorthopaedic, orthoptics, orthodoxostium (of oviduct), oral, orbicularis oris Mos coxa, ossicle, ossify, palmar interossei Mmitosis, necrosis, acidosis, thrombosis, neurosisanosmia, osmicosmosis, osmoticostiumosteoichthyes, teleost, osteocyteostracoderm, ostraciseotic capsule, otolith, parotid gland, otoscopeovary, oviduct, oviparous, ovumoxygenation, GGLLLLLLLLLGGLLGGGGGGGGGGGancient[palace] roof of mouth {emporer’s voice}[cloak] to cloakpalm (of hand)[touch gently] eyelidtendril, vine shootall[pimple] nippleto bring forthbesidewall[a plate] shallow dishf

M muscle ( ) Association / separation 3 Root Variations L ligament [ ] Origin/Meaning word link Root Abbrev. Root 1 Root 2 Root 3 B bone { } Interesting side note a\b/c a (a - b - c) ab (a b) ac (a c) Simple Word Roots A Origin Meaning Example

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