SMART GRID Smart Inverters - UNLV
SMART GRIDSmart InvertersECG 743
Conventional PV Inverters Grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) inverters wereinitially designed for low PV penetration levels. They performed the basic functions of– extracting the maximum DC power from the PVarray,– converting it to AC power that is compatible withthe local grid, and injecting the generated powerinto the grid at unity power factor.– In addition, these devices monitor the grid anddisconnect immediately after sensing utility voltageor frequency disturbances – as specified byinterconnection standards such as IEEE 1547 (2003),and UL 1741.
Conventional PV Inverters (IEEE 1547 & UL 1741) Monitor the PV array and track its maximum power. Sense the presence of the grid, synchronize and inject acurrent in phase with the utility voltage. Monitor the grid and disconnect immediately in case ofabnormalities in voltage or frequency.
Advanced Inverters (IEEE 1547a & UL 1741 SA) Due to high PV penetration, IEEE updated the connectionStandard (1547a) in 2014, and UL 1741 was also updated toUL 1741 SA (Supplement A) - standards which identifyinverter functions required for optimal grid stability. Advanced inverters are controlled by software applications;hence, many of their electrical characteristics can be modifiedthrough software settings and commands remotely. The smart-inverter technology will allow the utility tooperate the solar installations as they would a power plant,ramping up or curtailing power and other control featuresbased on the real-time needs of the grid. APS and Californiautilities are the first in the nation to deploy and control thisadvanced technology remotely.
Some Advanced Inverter FunctionsThe references below review the common functions of advancedinverters, and how they can be applied to address area powersystem operational challenges.1. Advanced Inverter Technology for High Penetration Levels of PV Generation inDistribution Systems, Subcontract Report NREL/SR- 5D00-60737, March, 2014.2. Common Functions for Smart Inverters - Version 2, EPRI Report 1026809, November,2012.
Response to Abnormal voltage and frequency(EEE Std. 1547a)
Advanced Inverter Test Set-Up
Sample Test - Soft ReconnectAdvanced PV inverters can help avoid “follow-up” voltageproblems once PV systems reconnects after an outage.
Sample Test: Under-Frequency Ride ThroughAdvanced PV inverters can assist the grid with frequencyregulation during load-generation mismatch.
Sample Test: Under-Voltage Ride ThroughAdvanced PV inverters can improve power quality byremaining connected to the grid during temporary faults .
Sample Test: Dynamic Volt/Var ControlAdvanced PV inverters can assist the grid with localizedvoltage regulation by absorbing or generating reactive power.
Sample Test: Non-Unity Power Factor OperationAdvanced PV inverters can assist the grid by generating orabsorbing reactive power as needed (non-unity power factor)
Sample Test: Islanding TestAdvanced PV inverter functionalities do not appear to interferewith their anti-islanding schemes.Ride time 1 sec
Other Smart Inverter Functions Refer to Appendix A of “Recommendations forUpdating the Technical Requirements forInverters in Distributed Energy Resources”California PUC, 2014.
Sample of Recent Technical Articles1.Smart Inverter Impacts on California Distribution Feeders with Increasing PVPenetration: A Case Study2. Voltage Regulation with Autonomous Distributed Smart Inverters in a Low VoltageNetwork3. Investigation of Oscillations Caused by Voltage Control from Smart PV on a SecondarySystem4. Control and Derating of a PV Inverter for Harmonic Compensation in a SmartDistribution System5. Optimal Settings for Multiple Groups of Smart Inverters on Secondary Systems UsingAutonomous Control6. Smart inverter settings for improving distribution feeder performance7. Improving distribution network PV hosting capacity via smart inverterreactive powersupport8. Smart Inverters for Utility and Industry Applications9. Impact of smart inverter control with PV systems on voltage regulators in activedistribution networks10. Smart inverter capabilities for mitigating over-voltage on distribution systems withhigh penetrations of PV11. Smart inverter volt/var control functions for high penetration of PV on distributionsystems12. A Dynamic Operational Scheme for Residential PV Smart Inverters
Smart inverter settings for improving distribution feeder performance 7. Improving distribution network PV hosting capacity via smart inverterreactive power support 8. Smart Inverters for Utility and Industry Applications 9. Impact of smart inverter control with PV systems
needs ac input. 1.1.1 Multi-stage Inverters and Single-stage Inverters Inverters can be basically classified into two sorts, which are multi-stage inverters and single-stage inverters. Some merits and demerits of different inverter strategies have been discussed in [1][2]. Multi-stage inverters commonly use dc/dc dc/ac topology, as presented in
SMA Solar Technology America LLC 4 Communication Products for Configuring PV Inverters . You can configure PV inverters with RS485 using the following communication products: Sunny WebBox Sunny Boy Control Computer with Sunny Data/Sunny Data Control software For PV inverters wi
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emissions reduction from smart grid deployment 28 14. Smart grid product providers 33 List of Tables 1. Characteristics of smart grids 7 2. Workshop contributions to the Smart Grids Roadmap 8 3. Smart grid technologies 19 4. Maturity levels and development trends of smart grid technologies 20 5. Select national smart grid deployment efforts 21 6.
Smart Grid and Cyber-Physical Systems Office National Institute of Standards and Technology U.S. Department of Commerce Smart Grid And CPS Testbed Update Smart Grid Federal Advisory Committee Meeting June 3, 2014. 2. Smart Grid and Cyber ‐ Physical Systems Testbeds Layout. Smart Microgrid Control Smart andRoom Intelligent Device Smart Storage .
Therefore, DSM in smart grid is more extensive than the traditional power grid. 1) To achieve a good interaction between the grid and the user The main characteristics and the goal of building the smart grid is to realize the "intelligent interactive",DSM in Smart Grid is no longer a simple power management, the power grid enterprises
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