Technically Recoverable Shale Oil And Shale Gas Resources
Technically Recoverable Shale Oil andShale Gas Resources: An Assessmentof 137 Shale Formations in 41Countries Outside the United StatesJune 2013Independent Statistics & Analysiswww.eia.govU.S. Department of EnergyWashington, DC 20585
June 2013This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical andanalytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIA’s data, analyses, and forecasts areindependent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. The viewsin this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the Department of Energy orother Federal agencies.U.S. Energy Information Administration Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources1
June 2013Executive SummaryThis report provides an initial assessment of shale oil resources and updates a prior assessment of shalegas resources issued in April 2011. It assesses 137 shale formations in 41 countries outside the UnitedStates, expanding on the 69 shale formations within 32 countries considered in the prior report. Theearlier assessment, also prepared by Advanced Resources International (ARI), was released as part of aU.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) report titled World Shale Gas Resources: An InitialAssessment of 14 Regions outside the United States.1There were two reasons for pursuing an updated assessment of shale resources so soon after the priorreport. First, geologic research and well drilling results not available for use in the 2011 report allow fora more informed evaluation of the shale formations covered in that report as well as other shaleformations that it did not assess. Second, while the 2011 report focused exclusively on natural gas,recent developments in the United States highlight the role of shale formations and other tight plays assources of crude oil, lease condensates, and a variety of liquids processed from wet natural gas.As shown in Table 1, estimates in the updated report taken in conjunction with EIA’s own assessment ofresources within the United States indicate technically recoverable resources of 345 billion barrels ofworld shale oil resources and 7,299 trillion cubic feet of world shale gas resources. The new global shalegas resource estimate is 10 percent higher than the estimate in the 2011 report.Table 1. Comparison of the 2011 and 2013 reportsARI report coverage2011 Report2013 ReportNumber of countries3241Number of basins4895Number of formations691376,6227,29932345Technically recoverable resources, including U.S.Shale gas (trillion cubic feet)Shale / tight oil (billion barrels)Note: The 2011 report did not include shale oil; however, the Annual EnergyOutlook 2011 did (for only the U.S.) and is included here for completenessAlthough the shale resource estimates presented in this report will likely change over time as additionalinformation becomes available, it is evident that shale resources that were until recently not included intechnically recoverable resources constitute a substantial share of overall global technically recoverableoil and natural gas resources. The shale oil resources assessed in this report, combined with EIA’s priorestimate of U.S. tight oil resources that are predominantly in shales, add approximately 11 percent tothe 3,012 billion barrels of proved and unproved technically recoverable nonshale oil resourcesidentified in recent assessments. The shale gas resources assessed in this report, combined with EIA’sprior estimate of U.S. shale gas resources, add approximately 47 percent to the 15,583 trillion cubic1U.S. Energy Information Administration, World Shale Gas Resources: An Initial Assessment of 14 Regions Outside the UnitedStates, April 2011, Washington, DCU.S. Energy Information Administration Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources2
June 2013feet of proved and unproven nonshale technically recoverable natural gas resources. Globally, 32percent of the total estimated natural gas resources are in shale formations, while 10 percent ofestimated oil resources are in shale or tight formations.Table 2. Technically recoverable shale oil and shale gas unproved resources in the context of totalworld resources (assessment dates shown in footnotes)Crude oilWet natural gas(billion barrels)(trillion cubic 9%32%n/a97EIA shale / tight oil and shale gas unproved resources58567625220EIA other unproved resources1391,546Total2232,431Increase in total resources due to inclusion of shale oil and shale gas35%38%Shale as a percent of total26%27%Shale / tight oil and shale gas proved reservesn/a97Shale / tight oil and shale gas unproved resources3457,201Other proved reserves1,6426,741Other unproved resources1,3708,842Total3,35722,882Increase in total resources due to inclusion of shale oil and shale gas11%47%Shale as a percent of total10%32%Outside the United StatesShale oil and shale gas unproved resourcesOther proved reserves1Other unproved resources2TotalIncrease in total resources due to inclusion of shale oil and shale gasShale as a percent of totalUnited StatesEIA shale / tight oil and shale gas proved reserves3, 45EIA other proved reserves5Total World1Oil & Gas Journal, Worldwide Report, December 3, 2012.Sources: U.S. Geological Survey, An Estimate of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the World, 2012, Fact Sheet 20123028, March 2012; U.S. Geological Survey, Assessment of Potential Additions to Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the World (Outsidethe United States) from Reserve Growth, 2012, Fact Sheet 2012-3052, April 2012.3U.S. Energy Information Administration, U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and NG Liquids Proved Reserves With Data for 2010, Table 14. Shalenatural gas proved reserves, reserves changes, and production, wet after lease separation, 2010; year-end reserves, August 1, 2012.24Proved tight oil reserves not broken out from total year end 2010 proved reserves; will be provided in future reporting of provedreserves.5Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2013 Assumptions report, Tables 9.1 through 9.5.; wet naturalgas volumes were determined by multiplying the AEO2013 dry unproved natural gas resource estimate by 1.045 so as to include NGPL.6Ibid. Table 5: Total natural gas proved reserves, reserves changes, and production, wet after lease separation, 2010; equals year-endfigure minus the wet shale gas reserves reported for the year-end.U.S. Energy Information Administration Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources3
June 2013Box 1: Terminology: shale oil and tight oilAlthough the terms shale oil 2 and tight oil are often used interchangeably in public discourse, shaleformations are only a subset of all low permeability tight formations, which include sandstones andcarbonates, as well as shales, as sources of tight oil production. Within the United States, the oil andnatural gas industry typically refers to tight oil production rather than shale oil production, because it isa more encompassing and accurate term with respect to the geologic formations producing oil at anyparticular well. EIA has adopted this convention, and develops estimates of tight oil production andresources in the United States that include, but are not limited to, production from shale formations.The ARI assessment of shale formations presented in this report, however, looks exclusively at shaleresources and does not consider other types of tight formations.The report covers the most prospective shale formations in a group of 41 countries that demonstratesome level of relatively near-term promise and that have a sufficient amount of geologic data for aresource assessment. Figure 1 shows the location of these basins and the regions analyzed. The maplegend indicates two different colors on the world map that correspond to the geographic scope of thisassessment: Red colored areas represent the location of basins with shale formations for which estimates ofthe risked oil and natural gas in-place and technically recoverable resources were provided.Prospective shale formations rarely cover an entire basin.Tan colored areas represent the location of basins that were reviewed, but for which shaleresource estimates were not provided, mainly due to the lack of data necessary to conduct theassessment.White colored areas were not assessed in this report.2This is not to be confused with oil shale, which is a sedimentary rock with solid organic content (kerogen) but no resident oiland natural gas fluids.U.S. Energy Information Administration Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources4
June 2013Figure 1. Map of basins with assessed shale oil and shale gas formations, as of May 2013Source: United States basins from U.S. Energy Information Administration and United States Geological Survey; other basinsfrom ARI based on data from various published studies.The estimates of technically recoverable shale oil and shale gas resources summarized in Tables 1 and 2and presented in country-level detail in Tables 3 and 4 represent risked resources for the formationsreviewed. These estimates are uncertain given the relatively sparse data that currently exist. Themethodology is outlined below and described in more detail in the accompanying contractor report. Atthe current time, there are efforts underway to develop more detailed country-specific shale gasresource assessments. A number of U.S. federal agencies are providing assistance to other countriesunder the auspices of the Unconventional Gas Technical Engagement Program (UGTEP) formerly knownas Global Shale Gas Initiative (GSGI), which the U.S. Department of State launched in April 2010. 3Tables 5 and 6 provide a listing of the 10 countries holding the largest resources of shale oil and shalegas based on this assessment of shale resources in 41 countries and prior work by EIA and USGS for theUnited States.3Other U.S. government agencies that participate in the UGTEP include: the U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy(DOE/FE); the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID); the U.S. Department of Interior's U.S. Geological Survey(USGS); U.S. Department of Interior's Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM); the U.S. Department of Commerce'sCommercial Law Development Program (CLDP); and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).U.S. Energy Information Administration Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources5
June 2013Table 3. Wet natural gas production and resourcestrillion cubic feet2012 USGS2013 EIA/ARIRegion totals and selectedcountries(1)January 1, 2013unproved wet shaleunproved wettechnicallyestimated provedgas technicallynatural gas TRR,recoverablegasnatural gasrecoverableincluding reservewet natural(2)(3)resources (TRR)(4)gas Spain008Sweden--10United Kingdom2926302,178415LithuaniaTotal2011 naturalproductionFormer Soviet 139128324031,685668573217545United States243185671,5462,431Asia and ,115Indonesia310846Mongolia--4Thailand1105South 031,6515,772Algeria3159707Egypt277100North AmericaCanadaMexico6Middle East and NorthAfricaU.S. Energy Information Administration Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources6
June 2013Table 3. Wet natural gas production and resources (cont.)trillion cubic feet2013 EIA/ARIRegion totals andselected countries(1)2012 USGSunproved wetconventionalJanuary 1, 2013shale gasunproved wetTotal technically2011 naturalestimatedtechnicallynatural gas TRR,recoverable wetgasproved naturalrecoverableincluding reservenatural gas(2)(3)resources (TRR)(4)resources8311,4437662,465productiongas ia0223Turkey0024Western Sahara--8Sub-Saharan Africa2222390Mauritania-10South Africa0-390South America & 46,8397,2018,84222,882Subtotal of abovecountries7Subtotal, excluding theUnited States7Total World7, 81Regions totals include additional countries not specifically included in this table. Regions based on USGS 42.pdf and Figure 2.2Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics, as of April 3, 2013.3Oil & Gas Journal, Worldwide Report, December 3, 2012.Sources: U.S. Geological Survey, An Estimate of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the World, 2012, FactSheet 2012-3028, March 2012; U.S. Geological Survey, Assessment of Potential Additions to Conventional Oil and GasResources of the World (Outside the United States) from Reserve Growth, 2012, Fact Sheet 2012-3052, April 2012.5Includes the Kaliningrad shale gas resource estimate of 2 trillion cubic feet.6Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2013 Assumptions report, Tables 9.1 through 9.5.;wet natural gas volumes were determined by multiplying the AEO2013 dry unproved natural gas resource estimate by 1.045so as to include NGPL.7Totals might not equal the sum of the components due to independent rounding.8Total of regions.4U.S. Energy Information Administration Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources7
June 2013Table 4. Crude oil production and resourcesmillion barrelsJanuary 1, 20132013 EIA/ARI2012 USGSTotalunproved shale oved oilrecoverable2011 oilproved oilrecoverableTRR, includingcrude oil(2)(3)resources 00293951,100North 173,1058,800Mexico1,08010,26413,100United States63,69925,18158,100139,311222,592Asia and 3,400Thailand1524530South 8012,2005,700Egypt2654,4004,600Region totals andselected countries(1)EuropeSwedenUnited KingdomFormer Soviet Middle East and Northproductionreservesreserve growthAfricaU.S. Energy Information Administration Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources8
June 2013Table 4. Crude oil production and resources (cont.)million barrels2013 EIA/ARI2012 USGSTotalJanuary 1, 2013unproved shale oved oilrecoverable2011 oilproved oilrecoverableTRR, includingcrude oil(2)(3)resources 03,384Mauritania320100South 527,000Region totals andselected countries(1)JordanLibyaMoroccoWestern SaharaSub-Saharan AfricaSouth America &productionreservesreserve al of abovecountries7Subtotal, excluding the7United States7,8Total ons totals include additional countries not specifically included in this table. Regions based on USGS 42.pdf and Figure 2.2Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, International Energy Statistics, as of April 3, 2013.3Oil & Gas Journal, Worldwide Report, December 3, 2012.4Sources: U.S. Geological Survey, An Estimate of Undiscovered Conventional Oil and Gas Resources of the World, 2012,Fact Sheet 2012-3028, March 2012; U.S. Geological Survey, Assessment of Potential Additions to Conventional Oil and GasResources of the World (Outside the United States) from Reserve Growth, 2012, Fact Sheet 2012-3052, April 2012.5Includes the Kaliningrad shale oil resource estimate of 1.2 billion barrels.6Represents unproved U.S. tight oil resources as reported in the U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual EnergyOutlook 2013 Assumptions report, Tables 9.1 through 9.5.7Totals might not equal the sum of the components due to independent rounding.8Total of regions."-" indicates zero, "0" indicates a nonzero valueU.S. Energy Information Administration Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources9
June 2013Table 5. Top 10 countries with technically recoverable shale oil resourcesShale oilRankCountry(billion a8World Total345101(48)(335)EIA estimates used for ranking order. ARI estimates in parentheses.Table 6. Top 10 countries with technically recoverable shale gas resourcesShale gasRankCountry(trillion cubic da5736Mexico5457Australia4378South Africa3909Russia285U.S.101Brazil245World Total7,299(1,161)(7,795)EIA estimates used for ranking order. ARI estimates in parentheses.When considering the market implications of abundant shale resources, it is important to distinguishbetween a technically recoverable resource, which is the focus of this report, and an economicallyrecoverable resource. Technically recoverable resources represent the volumes of oil and natural gasthat could be produced with current technology, regardless of oil and natural gas prices and productioncosts. Economically recoverable resources are resources that can be profitably produced under currentmarket conditions. The economic recoverability of oil and gas resources depends on three factors: thecosts of drilling and completing wells, the amount of oil or natural gas produced from an average wellover its lifetime, and the prices received for oil and gas production. Recent experience with shale gas inU.S. Energy Information Administration Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources10
June 2013the United States and other countries suggests that economic recoverability can be significantlyinfluenced by above-the-ground factors as well as by geology. Key positive above-the-groundadvantages in the United States and Canada that may not apply in other locations include privateownership of subsurface rights that provide a strong incentive for development; availability of manyindependent operators and supporting contractors with critical expertise and suitable drilling rigs and,preexisting gathering and pipeline infrastructure; and the availability of water resources for use inhydraulic fracturing.Because they have proven to be quickly producible in large volumes at a relatively low cost, tight oil andshale gas resources have revolutionized U.S. oil and natural gas production, providing 29 percent of totalU.S. crude oil production and 40 percent of total U.S. natural gas production in 2012. However, giventhe variation across the world’s shale formations in both geology and above-the-ground conditions, theextent to which global technically recoverable shale resources will prove to be economically recoverableis not yet clear. The market effect of shale resources outside the United States will depend on their ownproduction costs, volumes, and wellhead prices. For example, a potential shale well that costs twice asmuch and produces half the output of a typical U.S. well would be unlikely to back out current supplysources of oil or natural gas. In many cases, even significantly smaller differences
formations are only a subset of all low permeability tight formations, which include sandstones and carbonates, as well as shales, as sources of tight oilproduction. Within the United States, the oil and natural gas industry typically refers to tight oil production rather than shale oil production, because it is
Jun 17, 2013 · JAF2013_043.PPT EIA/ARI World Shale Gas and Shale Oil Resource Assessment 3 Our Resource Assessment Methodology 1. Conduct geologic and reservoir characterization of major shale basins and formation(s): 2. Define prospective area and risk factors for each shale formation. 3. Esti
Decline Curve Analysis of Shale Oil Production: The Case of Eagle Ford Linnea Lund Production of oil and gas from shale is often described as a revolution to energy production in North America. Since the beginning of this century the shale oil production has increased from practically zero to currently supply almost half of the U.S. oil production.
Significant investment went into shale oil and gas, with several profound implications. To begin with, shale reshaped the upstream industry's structure. As shale oil and gas came onstream, it flattened the production-cost curve (that is, moderate-cost shale Oil and gas after COVID-19: The day of reckoning or a new age of opportunity? 3
Akah Desert Creek Upper Ismay Lower Ismay Hovenweep Shale LIA Gothic Shale Chimney Rock Shale UDCA Desert Creek LDCA LDCCC Akah GR NPHI DPHI GR GR NPHI Upper Ismay Gothic Shale Lower Ismay Hovenweep Shale LIP DATUM NEUTRON GR GR PEF DPHI NPHI DPHI NPHI 5600 5700 5800 5900 5900 6000 6100 6200 5900 6000 5700 5800 0 10 30% -10% 0 10 30% -10% 0 200 .
1.Engine Oil SABA 13 1.Engine Oil 8000 14 1.Engine Oil 6000 15 1.Engine Oil 3000 16 1.Engine Oil Alvand 17 1.Engine Oil Motor Cycle Engine Oil M-150 18 1.Engine Oil M-100 19 1.Engine Oil Gas Engine Oil CNG-BUS 20 1.Engine Oil G.I.C.X.LA 21 1.Engine Oil G.I.C.X. 22 1.Engine Oil Diesel Engine Oil Power 23 1.Engine Oil Top Engine 24
The information presented in this overview is based on the report Review of Emerging Resources: U.S. Shale Gas and Shale Oil Plays, which was prepared by INTEK, Inc. for the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. The full report is attached.
recoverable oil - Giant U.S. oil fields 500X106 barrels of recoverable oil 14 Slides 13. and 14. As a first step to resource classification, one can try to track the paths by examining individual fields. The USGS is compiling and analyzing field-history data for large oil and gas fields of the world, starting with the largest oil fields.
Pradeep Sharma, Ryan P. Lively, Benjamin A. McCool and Ronald R. Chance. 2 Cyanobacteria-based (“Advanced”) Biofuels Biofuels in general Risks of climate change has made the global energy market very carbon-constrained Biofuels have the potential to be nearly carbon-neutral Advanced biofuels Energy Independence & Security Act (EISA) requires annual US production of 36 .
