Psychology In Everday Life David Myers

2y ago
41 Views
9 Downloads
1.23 MB
28 Pages
Last View : 2m ago
Last Download : 2m ago
Upload by : Brenna Zink
Transcription

The Story of Psychology:PrologueAP Psychology Ms. Justice

BIG IDEASWhat is Psychology?1: When and how did psychological science begin?2: How did psychology develop from the 1920s throughtoday?Contemporary Psychology3: What is psychology’s historic big issue?4: What are psychology’s levels of analysis and relatedperspectives?5: What are psychology’s main subfields?6: How can psychological principles help you as a student?

What is Psychology?Psychology is a science that seeks toanswer questions about how and whywe think, feel, and act as we do.

Psychology vs. Pseudo-psychology With hopes of satisfying curiosity, many people listen totalk-radio counselors and psychics to learn about othersand themselves. However, real psychological insights are more interestingand helpful. Pseudo-psychology also produces fraud, which can lead todiminished public support for legitimate ://www.nbc.comDr. Crane (radio-shrink)Psychic (Ball gazing)

1: When and how didpsychological science begin?

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.)http://faculty.washington.eduAristotle, a naturalist and philosopher, theorized aboutpsychology’s concepts. He suggested that the soul andbody are not separate and that knowledge grows fromexperience.

Wundt (1832-1920)1920)Psychological Science is Born Wilhelm Wundt andpsychology’s firstgraduate students studiedthe “atoms of the mind”by conductingexperiments at Leipzig,Germany, in 1879. Thiswork is considered thebirth of psychology as weknow it today.

§ Wundt’s student, Edward Bradford Titchenerintroduced structuralism.§ In an effort to discover the structural elements of themind, he engaged people in self-reflectiveintrospection and trained them to report elements oftheir experience.§ The results varied from person to personand were unreliable.

Mary CalkinsJames (1842-1910)§American philosopher William James wrote the first psychologytextbook in 1890, Principles of Psychology.§James was a functionalist, who studied how our mental andbehavioral processes function ; how they enable us to adapt,survive, and flourish.§Mary Calkins, James’s student, became the APA’s first femalepresident.

2: How did psychology developfrom the 1920s through today?

Freud (1856-1939)§Sigmund Freud, an Austrian physician, and his followersemphasized the importance of the unconscious mind andits effects on human behavior.§Freud’s theories were unscientific and unverifiable,though some of his basic ideas are still used by therapiststoday

Watson (1878-1958)Skinner (1904-1990)Behaviorists§John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner dismissedintrospection and emphasized the study of overtbehavior as the subject matter of scientific psychology.§You cannot observe a sensation, feeling, or thought,but you can observe and record behavior in responseto different situations.

s.dkMaslow (1908-1970)HumanisticPsychologyRogers (1902-1987)§Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers rebelled againstFreudian psychology and behaviorism§They emphasized current environmental influences on ourgrowth potential, and our need for love and acceptance.

In the 1960s a new movement, cognitive psychology,emerged as psychology began to recapture its initialinterest in mental processes and how our mind retainsinformation More recently, cognitive neuroscience has combinedthe study of brain activity with cognition (perception,thinking, memory, and language) We define psychology today as thescientific study of behavior (what wedo) and mental processes (innerthoughts and feelings).

3: What is psychology’shistoric big issue?

Contemporary PsychologyThe nature-nurture issue – thecontroversy over the relativecontributions of biology andexperience Origins of the issue are ancient andhave been debated throughout historyby Plato (nature), Aristotle (nurture),Locke (nurture), and Descartes(nature)

Charles Darwin’s idea ofnatural selection impacted thenature-nurture discussion aswell. He proposed that amongthe range of inherited traitvariations, those that contributeto reproduction and survivalwill most likely be passed on tothe succeeding generations Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from theinteraction of nature and nurture

4: What are psychology’s levelsof analysis and relatedperspectives?

Figure 1, page 8Biopsychosocial approach –integrates these three influences

Psychology’s Current Perspectives Humanist Perspective – believes that we choose most of ourbehaviors and these choices are guided by physiological,emotional, and spiritual needs. Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic Perspective –believes that the unconscious mind controls muchof our thought and action (impulses, repressedmemories, etc.) Biological/Neuroscience Perspective - explains thought andbehavior in terms of biological processes (cognition andreactions caused by genes, hormones, neurotransmitters,etc.)Most current psychologists draw from multiple perspectives.

Psychology’s Current Perspectives Evolutionary Perspective – explainsthought and behavior in terms ofnatural selection; psychological traitsthat are advantageous for survival getpassed down Behavioral Perspective - explains human thought andbehavior in terms of conditioning; looks strictly atobservable behavior and reactions to specific behaviorsMost current psychologists draw from multiple perspectives.

Psychology’s Current Perspectives Cognitive Perspective - examines human thought andbehavior in terms of how we interpret, process, andremember environmental events Social-Cultural/Sociocultural Perspective examines human thoughtand behavior in terms ofvariations in culturesMost current psychologists draw from multiple perspectives.

5: What are psychology’smain subfields?

Psychology’s Subfields: ResearchSome psychologists conduct basic research that buildspsychology’s knowledge ersonalitySocialWhat he/she doesExplore the links between brain andmind.Study changing abilities from wombto tomb.Study how we perceive, think, andsolve problems.Investigate our persistent traits.Explore how we view and affect oneanother.

Psychology’s Subfields: ResearchOther 4.6%Psychometrics5.5%Cognitive8.0%Social 21.6%Personality4.8%Data: APA 1997

Psychology’s Subfields: AppliedSome psychologists conduct basic research that buildspsychology’s knowledge base.PsychologistWhat he/she doesClinicalStudies, assesses, and treats people withpsychological disordersCounselingHelps people cope with academic,vocational, and marital challenges.EducationalStudies and helps individuals in schooland educational settingsIndustrial/OrganizationalStudies and advises on behavior in theworkplace.

Psychology’s Subfields: 5%Clinical67%Data: APA 1997

Clinical Psychology vs. PsychiatryA clinical psychologist (Ph.D.) studies, assesses, and treatstroubled people with psychotherapy.Psychiatrists on the other hand are medical professionals(M.D.) who use treatments like drugsand psychotherapy to treatpsychologically diseased patients.

The Story of Psychology: Prologue AP Psychology Ms. Justice. BIG IDEAS What is Psychology? 1: When and how did psychological science begin? 2: How did psychology develop from the 1920s through today? Contemporary Psychology

Related Documents:

Bellamy Young Ben Feldman Ben McKenzie Ben Stiller Ben Whishaw Beth Grant Bethany Mota Betty White Bill Nighy Bill Pullman Billie Joe Armstrong Bingbing Li Blair Underwood . David Koechner David Kross David Letterman David Lyons David Mamet David Mazouz David Morrissey David Morse David Oyelowo David Schwimmer David Suchet David Tennant David .

Gestalt Psychology Goals: To describe organization of mental processes -"The whole is greater than the sum of its parts." Notable Psychologists: Wertheimer, Koffka, Kohler Methods: Observation of sensory/perceptual phenomena Applications: Understanding of visual illusions, laid some groundwork for

Prologue: The Story of Psychology 3 Prologue: The Story of Psychology Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Psychological Science is Born Psychological Science Develops. 2 4 Prologue: The Story of Psychology Contemporary Psychology Psychology’s Big Debate .

Using Film to Teach Psychology. Films for Psychology Students. Resources for Teaching Research and Statistics in Psychology. TEACHING MATERIALS AND OTHER RESOURCES FOR PSYCHOLOGY 12.11.15 Compiled by Alida Quick, PhD Psychology 5 Developmental Psychology Teaching Resources .

1999-2005 Assistant Professor of Psychology Berry College Responsible for teaching several undergraduate courses including Introduction to Women’s Studies, Introduction to Psychology, Abnormal Psychology, Advanced Abnormal Psychology, Psychology of Women, Orientation to Psychology, Health Psychology, and Women’s Studies Seminar. Other

Roots in Spanish Psychology dated back to Huarte de San Juan (1575). From this period to nowadays, Psychology has notably developed, branching in different areas such as psychology and sports and physical exercise, clinical and health psychology, educational psychology, psychology of social inte

As Chair of the Department of Clinical and School Psychology, it is my pleasure to welcome you to our programs for the 2020-2021 academic year. We are part of the College of Psychology that offers bachelor's degrees in psychology and behavioral neuroscience and graduate programs in clinical psychology, school psychology, counseling,

Secret weapon for 70% white hair coverage. Ammonia freepermanent colour. Result: Luminous reflects and added volume. Perfect for: Women who want a multi-dimensional result and white hair coverage. Classic, rich permanent colour that treats the hair while colouring. Result: Intense and long lasting colour. Perfect for: Women who want the ultimate radiant colour results with absolute confidence .