Investigation On Multi-Beam Hybrid WDM For Free Space .
International Journal of Photonics and Optical TechnologyVol. 2, Iss. 2, pp: 24-28, June 2016Investigation on Multi-Beam Hybrid WDM forFree Space Optical Communication SystemS. Robinson*, R. PavithraDepartment of Electronics and Communication Engineering,Mount Zion College of Engineering and Technology, Pudukkottai-622507, Tamil Nadu, Indiamail2robinson@gmail.com(Received 31th May, 2016; Accepted 21th June, 2016; Published: 23th June, 2016)Abstract- Free Space Optical (FSO) communication is beingrealized as an effective solution for future accessing networks,offering light passed through air. In this paper, multi-beamHybrid Wavelength Division Multiplexing (HWDM) isdesigned for FSO and its parameters such as bit error rate andreceiver sensitivity are analyzed with respect to link distance.For investigation, four CWDM (1510nm, 1530nm, 1570nmand 1570nm) channel and eight DWDM channels (1537.4nm,1538.2nm, 1539nm, 1539.8nm, 1540.6nm, 1541.4nm,1542.2nm and 1543nm) are considered whose correspondingchannel spacing is 20nm and 0.8nm, respectively. In addition,the impact of BER and receiver sensitivity are analyzed whileincreasing the number of beams between transmitter andreceiver, and the EDFA amplifier is incorporated at thereceiver end in order to enhance the receiver signal strength.The maximum signal traveling distance by implementingEDFA at the proposed design is investigated. The system isdesigned to handle the quality of transmission for 12 user,each at the data rate of 2.5Gbps.Key Words: Free space optical communication, HybridWavelength Division Multiplexing, multi-beam, bit errorrate, erbium doped fiber amplifier, link distance.1. INTRODUCTIONNow a days Free Space Optical communication (FSO) isone of the major topics in the world of wireless and opticalcommunication and it is the line of sight technology. Highlynarrow beam is used in spite of the high data rate, which useshighly narrow beam propagating in free space to transmit databetween two or more points. FSO technology is as same as thefiber optics communication [1]. However, FSO has theadvantages such as low cost, security not necessary, licensefree, attractive solution for high data rate and voicetransmission [2]. The quality and data rate of FSO are dependson weather conditions, and atmospheric attenuation namely onrain, fog and snow [3].Wavelength Division Multiplexing is employed in FSO totransmit various wireless service signals independently at thesame time [4]. There are two types of WDM, such as DenseWavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) and CoarseWavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM). DWDMchannels are with the channel spacing of 1.6nm/0.8nm/0.4nmand CWDM channels are with channel spacing of 20nm [5]. InCWDM system the wavelength range is 1260nm-1625nm andfor DWDM is 1470nm-1625nm. The crosstalk of the DWDMchannels is higher than CWDM systems as DWDM channelspacing is narrower. The combination of CWDM and DWDMsignals are transmitted through free space in hybrid WDMFSO system [6].In the literature, so far there is no much attempt is made inhybrid WDM-FSO. However there are some attempts is madeto for hybrid WDM using single beam [7-13] and multi-beamconcept where they have considered only DWDM channelswith the channel spacing of 0.8 nm over the wavelength rangeof around 850 nm and 1550nm. Also, the authors have notconsidered CWDM channels [14-18]. In this work, the FSOsystem is designed by considering eight DWDM channels andfour CWDM channels.In this paper multi-beam hybrid WDM-FSO system isdesigned and the network parameters such as BER andReceiver sensitivity are analyzed with respect to link distance.Initially, the maximum link distance at very clear condition isestimated while increasing the numbers of beams betweentransmitter and receiver. Further, the impact of transmissiondistance is investigated by positioning Erbium Doped FiberAmplifier (EDFA) at the receiver end.The remaining part of the paper is organized as follows:The design of multi-beam hybrid WDM-FSO system isdiscussed in section 2. The effect of link distance, BER,receiver sensitivity is analyzed by increasing number of beamsbetween transmitter and receiver, which is reported in section3. Finally, section 4 concludes the paper.2. MULTI-BEAM HYBRID WDM-FSO SYSTEMMODELThe proposed multi-beam hybrid WDM-FSO system isillustrated in Fig. 1, which is divided into three parts namely,transmitter, receiver and FSO link or atmospheric conditions.The transmitter section consists of CW laser, Mach-Zehndermodulator, Pseudo-Random bit sequence (PRBS) generator,NRZ pulse generator and 12:1 demultiplexer. Four CWDMchannel spaced by 20nm and a set of 8 channels spaced by0.8nm is given to the 12:1 demultiplexer and it is transferredto the destination through free space. The output beam of 12:1demultiplexer is transferred using six laser beams. In areceiver section all the six beams are collected and separatedinto single beam profile using demultiplexer. APD photodiodeis used to convert optical signal into electrical signal, followedby low pass Bessel filter to filter the unwanted signal.The wavelength for designed DWDM channels .4nm,1542.2nm, 1543nm and for CWDM channels are1510nm,1530nm,1550nm, 1570nm. The simulation parameterof the proposed system is listed in Table 1.Copyright IJPOT, All Rights ReservedPage 24
International Journal of Photonics and Optical TechnologyVol. 2, Iss. 2, pp: 24-28, June 2016S. No.Table 1.Simulation parameters of Hybrid WDM FSO systemPARAMETERSVALUES1Data rates2.5Gbps2Launch power20dBm3Channel spacing: CWDM/DWDM20nm/0.8nm4Laser line width: CWDM/DWDM10MHZ/2500MHZ5Transmitter’s & receiver’s apertures30cm6Dark current10NA7Extinction ratio30dB8WDM bandwidth: CWDM/DWDM10GHZ/20GHZ11.5dBm. The data rate 2.5Gbps is considered to get the abovementioned results.(a)Fig.1: Design of multi-beam hybrid WDM-FSO model using six beams.3. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSIn this section, the arrived simulation results for HybridWDM at very clear condition using six beam for the channelscentered at 1537.4nm (DWDM) and 1550nm(CWDM), andimpact of link distance while increasing the number of beamsare discussed. The parameters for FSO system such as BitError Rate (BER), receiversensitivity, Q factor and linkdistance are estimated for proposed multi-beam hybrid WDMFSO system.The effect of BER with respect to link distance of theproposed multi-beam hybrid WDM–FSO system are analyzedat for DWDM and CWDM channels by increasing the numberof beams. In this present work, the maximum link distance isestimated by considering very clear condition. The averagelink distance for 12 beams with the minimum BER (10-9) forDWDM channels and CWDM channels are depicted in Fig.2(a) and Fig. 2(b), respectively. From the simulation, it isnoticed that the maximum travelling distance for DWDMchannel centered at 1537.4nm is 629km and for CWDMchannel at 1550nm is about 316km.It is noticed that the linkdistance for CWDM channels are reduced than DWDMChannels as the linewidth of the CWDM channels are higherthan DWDM channels.In order to analyze the performance of all the HWDMchannels (DWDM and CWDM), authors considered six beamsbetween the transmitter and receiver. Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 3(b)represent BER vs receiver sensitivity while varying distancefor DWDM and CWDM channels, respectively. The minimumreceiver power required to attain the desired BER (10-9) forDWDM channels are about -15.6dBm and CWDM channels -(b)Fig.2 (a): BER vs Distance for DWDM (b) BER vs Distance for CWDMsystem at very clear condition(a)(b)Fig.3 (a): BER vs Received power for DWDM (b) BER vs Received powerfor CWDM system at very clear conditionCopyright IJPOT, All Rights ReservedPage 25
International Journal of Photonics and Optical TechnologyVol. 2, Iss. 2, pp: 24-28, June 2016Table2. Maximum link Range for all combination of 12 beam under very clear condition for each channel without using amplifierTravelling distance in KmDWDM g distance in KmCWDM channelsCHCH1 CH2 CH ble.3 Maximum link Range for all combination of 12 beams under very clear condition for each channel with amplifier.Travelling distance in KmDWDM 62767649687710726740749758765772778784788The maximum travelling distance of HWDM channelswhile increasing the number of beams between transmitter andreceiver is listed in the table. Author’s considered very clearatmospheric condition in order to estimate the maximumtravelling distance. The attenuation for very clear condition is0.065dB/km which is reported in [3]. At 12 beams, themaximum link distance for DWDM and CWDM channels areabout 630km and 625km, respectively. It is also investigatedthe link distance is not constant for all the DWDM andCWDM channels because of its nature of wavelength. Thewavelength having its own attenuation while travelling in thefree space hence the distance is not constant.From the table 2, it is observed that the transmissiondistance is keeping on increasing while increasing the numberof beams. If the beams are increased the signal strength isincreased, hence, the transmission distance is enhanced byconsidering more number of beams. Besides the link distancefor DWDM channels are greater than CWDM because ofhigher line width in CWDM channels. As the line width isTravelling distance in KmCWDM channelsCHCH1 CH2 CH gher the signal is easily attenuated. The link distance isincreased by 23% while adding a new beam with respect to theconventional one.Fig.4 (a): BER vs Distance for DWDM (1537.4nm) system at very clearcondition with amplifier.Copyright IJPOT, All Rights ReservedPage 26
International Journal of Photonics and Optical TechnologyVol. 2, Iss. 2, pp: 24-28, June 2016From the result it is noticed that after insertion ofamplifier, the link distance is increased significantly. Themaximum link distance for CWDM system is limited to thechannel width and nature of wavelength. In addition linkdistance is increased while increasing the number of beams.When the number of beams is increased the distance travelledby data is improved by 3% when using amplifier.Fig.4 (b): BER vs Distance for CWDM (1550nm) system at very clearcondition with amplifier.(a)4. CONCLUSIONIn this paper, Hybrid WDM-FSO multi beam system isproposed, designed and the network parameters namely BER,Receiver sensitivity are analyzed by varying the number ofbeams between source and destination. The FSO networkbecomes an excellent option for problem areas where the FSOlacks. The Hybrid WDM-FSO multi beam network can be aright candidate to solve the last mile problems and the rapidincreases in capacity without any new infrastructure. From ourresult, It is concluded that the proposed Hybrid WDM FSOsystem performs better than the conventional WDM-FSO withacceptable BER over FSO for the transmission of 2.5Gbpsdata rate. By considering 12 beams in the free space channel,the attained link distance at very clear condition is about628km, however, the link distance is further enhanced upto760km since the EDFA is implemented at the receiver side.From this simulation, it is investigated that the maximumsignal travelling distance for DWDM system is higher than theCWDM system as the line width of CWDM is higher. Further,the link distance is keeping on increasing while increasing thenumber of beam between the transmitter and receiver. TheHybrid WDM system is newly implemented in FSO systemwhich gives significant improvement in results therefore thisattempt could be employed for future FSO networks.[1][2](b)Fig.5: (a) BER vs Received power for DWDM (b) BER vs Received powerfor CWDM system at very clear condition with amplifierThe link distance can be further increased by increasingthe number of beams, however the cost of the system will beincreased linearly. In an alternate way, the optical amplifierwill be incorporate at the receiver end which in turn thereceived signal strength will be increased. In this present workEDFA is considered. The maximum travelling distance at BERof 10-9 is estimated for DWDM and CWDM channels whichare depicted in Fig 4(a) and Fig 4(b), respectively. The averagelink distance for DWDM channels after incorporating EDFAis 773 km and for CWDM channels it is about 733 km. TheBER vs receiver sensitivity is estimated by implementingEDFA for DWDM and CWDM channels as shown in Fig 5(a)and 5(b), respectively. The maximum link distance whileincreasing the number of beams by considering theCWDM/DWDM channels are reported in Table 3.[3][4][5][6]REFERENCESM. A. Khalighi and M. Uysal, “Survey on Free SpaceOptical Communication: A Communication TheoryPerspective”, IEEE Communications Surveys &Tutorials, vol.14, no. 4, pp. 2231-2258, 2014.J. Singh and N. Kumar, “Performance Analysis ofDifferent Modulation Format on Free Space OpticalCommunication System”, Optik, vol. 124, no. 20, pp.4651-4654, 2013.S. Jasmine, S. Robinson and K. Malaisamy,“Investigation on Free Space Optical Communicationfor Various Atmospheric Conditions”, SecondInternational Conference on Electronics andCommunication Systems (ICECS), pp. 1030-1034,2015.M. Matsumoto, “Next Generation Free-space OpticalSystem by System Design Optimization andPerformance Enhancement”, Proceedings of Progressin Electromagnetic Research Symposium, KualaLumpur, pp. 501-506, 2012ITU-T Recommendation G 694.2, Spectral grids forWDM applications: CWDM wavelength grid, 2003,Available at https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-G.694.2/enB. Patnaik and P. K. Sahu, “Novel QPSK Modulationfor DWDM Free Space Optical CommunicationSystem”, Wireless Advanced, pp. 170-175, 2012.Copyright IJPOT, All Rights ReservedPage 27
International Journal of Photonics and Optical TechnologyVol. 2, Iss. 2, pp: 24-28, June 2016[7][8][9][10][11][12]S. Hitam, S. N. Suhaimi, A. S. M. Noor, S. B. A. Anas,and R. K. Z. Sahbudin, “Performance Analysis on 16Channels Wavelength Division Multiplexing in FreeSpace Optical Communication Under Tropical RegionsEnvironment”, Journal on Computer Science, vol. 8,no. 1, pp. 145-148, 2012.H. A. Fadhil et al., “Optimization of Free Space OpticsParameters: An Optimum Solution for Bad WeatherConditions”, Optik, vol. 124, no. 19, pp. 3969-3973,2013.A. O. Aladeloba, M. S. Woolfson and A. J. Phillips,“WDM FSO Network with Turbulence-AccentuatedInterchannel Crosstalk”, IEEE J. of OpticalCommunications and Networking, vol.5, no. 6, pp. 641651, 2013.E. Ciaramell et al., “1.28 terabit/s (32x40 Gbit/s) WDMTransmission System for Free Space OpticalCommunications”, IEEE J. on Sel. Areas inCommunications, vol. 27, no. 9, pp. 1639-1645, 2009.I. Khalil, A. Biswas, R. B. Rakib, Md. A. Sayeed andMd. S. M. Sher, “WDM Transmission for Free SpaceOptics under Different Atmospheric ations, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-4, 2014.M. Sheng and Xiu-Xiu Xie, “Average Bit Error RateAnalysis for Free-Space Optical Communications OverWeak Turbulence with Pointing Errors”, OpticalEngineering, vol. 51, no. 10, pp.105009-14, 2012.[13][14][15][16][17][18]D. W. Young et al., “Demonstration of High Data RateWavelength Division Multiplexed Transmission Over a150 Km Free Space Optical Link”, Proceedings ofInternational conference on Military Communication,pp. 1-6, 2007.N. H. M. Noor, A. W. Naji and W. Al-Khateeb,“Performance Analysis of a Free Space Optics neering Journal, vol. 13 no. 1, pp. 49-58, 2012.S. A. Al-Gailani, A. B. Mohammad and R. Q. Shaddad,“Enhancement of free space optical link in heavy rainattenuation using multiple beam concept”, Optik, vol.124, no. 21, pp. 4798-4801, 2013.S. A. Al-Gailani, A. B. Mohamed, R. Q. Shaddad, U.U. Sheikh and M. A. Elmagzoub, “HybridWDM/Multibeam Free Space Optics for multi GigabitAccess Network”, Photonic Network Communication,vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 138-145, 2014.F. D. Kashani, M. R. H. Rad, M. R. Mahzoun, and B.Ghafary, “BeamPropagation Analysis of a MultiBeam FSO System with Partially Flat-Topped LaserBeam in Turbulent Atmosphere”, Optik, vol. 123, no.10, pp. 879-886, 2012.S. Robinson, S. Jasmine and R. Pavithra, “Investigationon Hybrid WDM (CWDM DWDM) Free SpaceOptical Communication System”, ICTACT Journal onCommunication Technology, vol. 06, no. 4, pp. 11871192, 2015.Copyright IJPOT, All Rights ReservedPage 28
DWDM channels are about -15.6dBm and CWDM channels - 11.5dBm. The data rate 2.5Gbps is considered to get the above mentioned results. (a) Fig.2 (a): BER vs Distance for DWDM (b) BER vs Distance for CWDM system at very clear condition (a) (b) Fig.3 (a): BER vs Received power for DWDM (b) BER vs Received power
BC1 Page 41 BEAM CLAMP BD1 Page 41 BEAM CLAMP BF1 Page 42 BEAM CLAMP BG1 Page 42 BEAM CLAMP BH1 Page 42 BEAM CLAMP BF2 Page 42 BEAM CLAMP BG2 Page 42 BEAM CLAMP BL FLANGE CLAMP Page 43 GRATE FIX Page 44 BEAM CLAMP GRATING CLIP Page 45 BEAM CLAMP FLOORFIX HT Page 46 FLOORFIX Page
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KEYWORDS: Castellated beam, Hexagonal opening, Sinusoidal opening, Tapered section, Prismatic section I. INTRODUCTION Castellated beam is defined as the beam in which increasing width of beam without increasing the self-weight of beam. Now a day castellated beam is a new technique. A castellated beam is fabricated from a standard steel I-shape by
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