FALL PROTECTION TRAINING OSHA - SUSAN HARWOOD
12/26/2017FALL PROTECTIONTRAININGOSHA - SUSAN HARWOODTRAINING GRANTDISCLAIMERThis material was produced under grant numberSH-31201-SH7 from the Occupational Safetyand Health Administration, U.S. Department ofLabor. It does not necessarily reflect the views orpolicies of the U. S. Department of Labor, nordoes mention of trade names, commercialproducts, or organizations imply endorsement bythe U. S. Government.4AGENDA WelcomeIntroduction to OSHAWorker’s rightsIntroduction to Fall Protection Recognition of Fall Hazards Basic Fall Prevention Principles Basic Fall Protection Principles Brief Review of Applicable Standards Break51
12/26/2017AGENDA Controlling the Hazard Hierarchy of Controls Restrain Components Fall Clearance Inspections Rescue Certificates6INTRODUCTION TOOSHAOverview of anti-retaliation provisions, employee rights,employer responsibilities, whistleblower laws, andOSHA’s complaint investigation procedures7WHY IS OSHA IMPORTANT TO YOU? OSHA began because, until 1970, there were nonational laws for safety and health hazards. On average, 12 workers die every day from jobinjuries Worker deaths in America are down–on average,from about 38 worker deaths a day in 1970 to 12a day in 2013. WORKER FATALITIES 4,836 workers were killed on the job in 2015 Falls — 364 out of 937 total deaths inconstruction in CY 2015 (38.8%)82
12/26/2017DISCUSSION QUESTIONS When, during your work experience, didyou first hear about OSHA? What did you think about OSHA then? What do you think OSHA’s job is?9HISTORY OF OSHA OSHA stands for theOccupational Safety andHealth Administration, anagency of the U.S.Department of Labor OSHA’s responsibility isworker safety and healthprotection On December 29, 1970,President Nixon signed theOSH Act This Act created OSHA, theagency, which formallycame into being on April 28,197110OSHA’S MISSION To save lives To prevent injuries To protect America’sworkers113
12/26/2017STRATEGIES TO REDUCEINJURIES AND DEATHS Strong, fair, and effective enforcement. Outreach, education, and complianceassistance. Partnerships and other cooperative programs.12Labels for hazardoussubstances in yourworkplace13OSHA INSPECTIONS The OSH Act authorizes OSHA compliancesafety and health officers (CSHOs) toconduct workplace inspections atreasonable times. OSHA conducts inspections withoutadvance notice, except in rarecircumstances (e.g. Imminent Danger) In fact, anyone who tells an employer aboutan OSHA inspection in advance can receivefines and a jail term.144
12/26/2017INSPECTIONS PROCESS A typical OSHA on-site inspection includes fourstages:1. Presentation of inspector credentials.2. An opening conference.3. An inspection walk-around.4. A closing conference.15OSHA’S INSPECTION PRIORITIESPriority1stCategory of InspectionImminent Danger:Reasonable certainty an immediate danger als:Reported to OSHA; inspected ASAPWorker or worker representative can file a complaintabout a safety or health hazard4thProgrammed Inspections:Cover industries and employers with high injury andillness rates, specific hazards, or other exposures.16OSHA’S COMPLAINT INVESTIGATIONS OSHA evaluates each complaint to determinehow it can be handled best--an off-siteinvestigation or an on-site inspection Before beginning an inspection, OSHA staffmust be able to determine from the complaintthat there are reasonable grounds to believethat a violation of an OSHA standard or asafety or health hazard exists. If OSHA has information indicating theemployer is aware of the hazard and iscorrecting it, the agency may not conduct aninspection after obtaining the necessarydocumentation from the employer.175
12/26/2017RIGHTS AS A WHISTLEBLOWER Employee may file a complain with OSHAunder Section 11(c) if your employer retaliatesagainst you by taking unfavorable personnelaction because you engaged in protectedactivity relating to workplace safety and health. OSHA requires that complaints must be filedwithin 30 days after the alleged retaliation.18RIGHTS AS A WHISTLEBLOWER Your employer may be found to have retaliatedagainst you if your protected activity was acontributing or motivating factor in its decisionto take unfavorable personnel action againstyou. Such actions may include: Firing or laying offBlacklistingDenying overtime orpromotionDiscipliningDenying benefits Failing to hire or rehireIntimidationReassignment affectingpromotion prospectsReducing pay or hour19INTRODUCTION TOFALL PROTECTION216
12/26/2017OBJECTIVES Recognize, avoid and prevent fall hazards inconstruction– Identify major fall hazards– Describe types of fall hazards– Protect him/herself from fall hazards– Recognize employer requirements to protectworkers from fall hazards22FALLS IN CONSTRUCTION Did you know?Falls from elevation account for one thirdof all deaths in construction.23FALLS IN CONSTRUCTION FALLS ARE THE LEADING CAUSE OFDEATH IN CONSTRUCTION. In 2015, there were 350 fatal falls to a lowerlevel out of 937 construction fatalities (BLSdata). These deaths are preventable.247
12/26/2017FALLS IN CONSTRUCTION It is important that safety and healthprograms contain provisions to protectworkers from falls on the job. The following hazards cause the most fallrelated injuries:– Unprotected Sides, Wall Openings, and FloorHoles– Unguarded Protruding Steel Rebars– Improper Scaffold Construction– Misuse of Portable Ladders25OSHA REGULATIONS ON FALLPROTECTION General Industry:Fall protection required when working at 4feet above lower level Construction Industry:Fall protection required when working at 6feet above lower level Employer’s operations will completely ormostly fall under one of the sectors listed andwill follow their regulations.26OSHA'S FALL PREVENTIONCAMPAIGN278
12/26/2017OSHA'S FALL PREVENTIONCAMPAIGNPLAN ahead to get the job done safelyWhen working from heights, such as ladders,scaffolds, and roofs, employers must planprojects to ensure that the job is done safely.PROVIDE the right equipmentWorkers who are six feet or more above lowerlevels are at risk for serious injury or death ifthey should fall.TRAIN everyone to use the equipment safelyFalls can be prevented when workersunderstand proper set-up and safe use ofequipment.28ROOF SAFETY Employees must be trained to avoid fallhazards on a roof and properly use fallprotection equipment-this includes safetymeasures like: Make sure your harness fits and is not defectivewhen using PFAS Always stay connected/tie off Ensure that all anchor points are safe Protect all holes, openings and skylights Don't sit or walk on skylights or other openings29WARNING LINES – 1926 ROOFING 4-sided set of lines in-place to warn workers of edge hazard NOT a guardrail Distances from edge: 6’ - General 10’ – “Mechanical Equipment” Permit work inside w/ no PFAS Points of access, materials handling areas, storage areas, andhoisting areas connected by access path formed by twowarning lines Rope / Wire / Chain Gate or “Other Barricade” Offset Access309
12/26/2017LADDER REGULATIONS Where are temporary ladder regulationsfound? 1910 – Subpart D 1926 – Subpart X Fall protection required? Since both of these are regulations oftheir own, separate from those for fallprotection, OSHA does not require aPFAS. That said, the recommendation would beto use one whenever possible.31FIXED LADDERS OSHA requires F.P. on fixed ladders at the followingheights: 20’ – Current Subpart D / 24’ Proposed Subpart D 24’ – Construction Options for protection include:Poor: Cage / WellBetter: SRLBest:Vertical Lifeline (VLL) VLL Components: Flexible Cable / Rigid Rail Rope / Cable / Bargrab32MISUSE OF PORTABLE LADDERSThis one seems properly inclined and secured3310
PLAN-PROVIDE-TRAIN3611
12/26/2017AERIAL LIFT FALL PROTECTION Is fall protection required? Where is the correct place to attach? What about outside the basket? Basket guardrails? Connector Options Hierarchy:1) Restraint Lanyard2) PFL3) Energy-Absorbing Lanyard General Prohibitions: Moving large distances w/ the basketelevated Standing on the basket guardrails37SCAFFOLD TYPESSupported Scaffold38SCAFFOLD TYPESSuspended Scaffold3912
12/26/2017SCAFFOLDS IN CONSTRUCTION Avoiding risks– Follow manufacturer'sinstructions.– Install guardrailsystems along allopen sides and endsof platforms.– Personal fall arrestsystem should beused on scaffoldshigher than 10 feet.40SCAFFOLDS IN CONSTRUCTION Falling objects– Wear hardhats– Barricade area belowscaffold– Use panels or screensif material is stackedhigher than the toeboard.41REBAR CAPS The OSHA Standard requires that rebar"be guarded to eliminate the hazard ofimpalement." Not all guards provide thatlevel of protection. In somecircumstances, the force of a fall cancause rebar to push clear through aplastic cap and still impale a worker, orthe worker can be impaled by the rebarand the cap together.4213
12/26/2017REBAR CAPS Only rebar caps designed toprovide impalement protection,such as those containing steelreinforcement, should be used. This type of cap positions a 2 x4 over the exposed rebar, andhas been approved byCalifornia OSHA.43WHAT DOES FALL PREVENTION DO?Catch The FallStop/Prevent The FallFall ArrestRestraint/PositioningSafety NetsGuardrailsCatch PlatformsWarning LinesControlled Access ZonesControlled Decking ZonesSafety Monitors44FALL PROTECTION DEFINITION Fall protection is a broad term that used todescribe various types of equipment,[systems], and policies that help to minimizethe potential for workers to be injured whenmanaging tasks that are high above groundlevel. Companies often use a combination ofsafety equipment along with training personnelon how to use it.4514
12/26/2017RESULTS OF A FALL The average fatal fall is only 6 feet A 6’ foot fall generates over 3,200 lb of force –that is the approximate weight of an averagemidsize car A fall from 10 feet has an 4 out of 5 probabilityof causing death or permanent injury A fall from 11 feet has an 8.5 out of 10 chanceof causing death46FALL PREVENTION PLANNING A fall prevention plan identifies placeswhere regular fall preventionmethods, such as guardrails, cannotbe used. These are called Controlled AccessZones. Safety monitoring system should beinstalled in Controlled Access Zones47OSHA REGULATIONS ON FALLPROTECTION General Industry:Fall protection required when working at 4feet above lower level Construction Industry:Fall protection required when working at 6feet above lower level Employer’s operations will completely ormostly fall under one of the sectors listed andwill follow their regulations.4815
12/26/2017FALL PREVENTION PLANNING Fall prevention systems and workpractices must be in place before youstart work. These must be prepared by a qualifiedperson. Plan shall be maintained at the job site Qualified person should supervise theplanFalls in Construction/Bridge Deckinghttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v XSfkJqtE8Dk49AUTHORIZED PERSON Authorized Person:A person approved or assigned bythe employer to perform a specifictype of duty or duties or to be at aspecific location or locations at thejobsite. This is the “user” of theequipment. They know what they need toknow in order to be able toperform their particular jobs50COMPETENT PERSONCompetent Person:One who(1)is capable of identifying[a] existing &[b] predictable hazards in surroundings or workconditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, ordangerous to employees, and(2) who has authorization to take promptcorrective measures to eliminate them.5116
12/26/2017QUALIFIED PERSONQualified Person:One who(1) by possession of a[i] recognized degree,[ii] certificate or[iii] professional standing, or(2) who by extensive knowledge, training, andexperiencehas successfully demonstrated his ability to resolveproblems relating to the subject matter, the work, orthe project.52FALL HAZARD ANALYSIS Before finding a solution – the hazard must be evaluated. Use Hazard or Risk Prediction -- What are the conditions andbehaviors to consider?– How will we get to the work area?– What are the hazards below the work area?– How high is the work area?– Are there holes or openings below or around the work area?– Are there slip or trip hazards around the work area?– How difficult is it to rescue someone if they fall?53FALL PROTECTION REQUIREMENT "Unprotected sides and edges." Eachemployee on a walking/working surface(horizontal and vertical surface) with anunprotected side or edge which is 6 feet(1.8 m) or more above a lower level shallbe protected from falling by the use ofguardrail systems, safety net systems, orpersonal fall arrest systems. On scaffolds, fall protection is required at 10feet.5417
12/26/2017AVOIDING FALL HAZARDS Construct all floor hole covers so they willeffectively support two times the weight ofemployees, equipment, and materials that maybe imposed on the cover at any one time. In general, it is better to use fall preventionsystems, such as guardrails, than fallprotection systems, such as safety nets or fallarrest devices, because they provide morepositive safety means.55GUARDRAILS 3 Components: (1)Top Rail 42” or 42” /- 3” Strength? (2)Mid Rail Midway between top rail and ground (screens / mesh an option) (3)Toe Board Purpose? / Height? Note: Rails shall not overhang (due to being a projection hazard). No steel or plastic banding56GUARDRAILSTop RailMid- RailToeboard Top rails 42 /- 3 in: between 39 and 45 inches tallToe boards at least 3 1/2 inches high5718
12/26/2017USE OF SAFETY NETS Assumes the fall willoccur58SAFETY NET SYSTEMS Safety nets must be inspected for wear,damage, and other deterioration at least oncea week, and after any occurrence which couldaffect the integrity of the system. Defective nets shall not be used, anddefective components must be removed fromservice. Objects which have fallen into the safety net,such as scrap pieces, equipment, and tools,must be removed as soon as possible fromthe net and at least before the next work shift.59SAFETY NETS Not a debris net This is meant to catch falling people. Form of collective and passive F.P. Sometimes used during work on bridgeprojects or pre-fab building constructionSafety Net in Residential ConstructionSafetyRespect Safety NetSystem6019
12/26/2017SKYLIGHTS & HOLES Skylights & Roof Floor Openings Back / Trip into; Step on weak area of roof; Hole hidden by non-loadsupporting coveringNIOSH FACE Skylight Fatality Hole Covers: Be able to support at least twice the load imposed upon them Be secured to prevent accidental displacement61PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEMSIncludes an anchor point, a lifeline, and a safety harness62PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEMSOnce a Personal Fall Arrest System has been used in afall, it must be removed from service right away.6320
12/26/2017ANCHORAGE POINT Secure location of attachment for the worker’s F.P. gear: Typical “anchorage / anchor points” include: Large Columns Large Beams Concrete Roof Panel /Understructure OSHA Anchorage Requirements: Option A: 5,000 lbs. Option B: Safety Factor of 2 per a Q.P.64TEMPORARY ANCHORAGECONNECTORSAnchorage Connector Straps /ChainWorkman Reusable Roof AnchorWorkman FP Stryder Removable Concrete Anchorage Connectors65PERMANENT ANCHORAGECONNECTORSD-Plate Anchorage Connector / MEGA SwivelFixed Roof AnchorWeld-On PuckBeamGlide Trolley6621
12/26/2017CONNECTORSConnectorsD- RingsSnaphooks67CONNECTING DEVICESSelf-Retracting Lifelines Drum-wound line is slowly extracted from orretracted back into the housing in normal use Like a car seatbelt, locking off in a fallPFLWeb SRL68LANYARDS Inspections should be recorded in log If past prescribed inspection interval,mark as “unusable.” Many inspection points are similar tothose on a harness. Lanyard Inspection Points: Hardware Energy-Absorber Webbing Tags Stitching6922
12/26/2017SELF RETRACTABLE LINES Snaphook or Carabiner (2) No cracks, breaks, bends, corrosion Check functionality. Load Indicator A broken indicator indicates fall force exposure. Housing No breaks or deformation that affects operation Labeling Must be present and legible Lifeline (Web or Cable) Check entire length of line with gloves and cloth.Check retraction of lifeline.Check lock-off of device.70PERMANENT HORIZONTAL LIFELINES(HLLS) Designed by a Qualified Person No. of workers per system? Limits on # per span Systems Specially Engineered71VERTICAL LIFELINE/LANYARD7223
12/26/2017ANCHORAGE POINT Other considerations include: Location: Above Vertically inline with the workerNote: Although the picturedemonstrates a lanyard, this is acommon issue when utilizing selfretracting lifelines (SRLs). Rescue: What does OSHA say abouthow quickly rescue must takeplace? “Prompt”73BODY HARNESS74PFAS INSPECTION7524
12/26/2017WEBBING Webbing are the ropes and straps usedin lifelines, lanyards, and strengthcomponents of body harnesses. Thewebbing must be made from syntheticfibers.76CONNECTING DEVICESSnaphooksEnergy AbsorberLifeline Snaphooks Varying sizes (¾ ” vs. 2 ½”) “Compatibility” ANSI Z359 – 2007 gates77PERSONAL FALL necting DevicePositioning7825
12/26/2017FALL CLEARANCE - LANYARDA 6 Feet (1.83 m)B 3 ½ Feet (1.07 m)AB 9 ½ Feet (2.9 m)C 6 Feet (1.82 m) 3 (0.9m) Safety MarginSafety Margin: 3’------------------------------------D 18 ½ Feet (5.33 m)79FALL CLEARANCE - SRLA Typical ExampleMAD 4 ½ Feet (1.37 m) 39” (1 m) Safety ��‐‐‐‐‐Max Arrest DistanceD 7’9” Feet (2.4 m)Fall ClearanceSafety Factor of 39”(1 m)80FALL PROTECTION - RESCUEPLAN Each time PPE is used, there must be arescue plan!– You must be able to rescuesomeone in a minimum amount oftime.– Identify the normal conditionsand allowances.– Define the plan during the Hazard andRisk Prediction.8126
12/26/2017RESCUE EQUIPMENT Rescue Cradle– Person is rescued in aphysically neutral position. Full Body Harness– May be different– Allows longer suspension Anthron– Self-Rescue– Great in a panic Rescue Equipment Kits– Rescue Utility Set Rescue Hoist– Confined Space Application– Able to reset82FALL RESCUE PROCEDURES Manage the people needed to operate therescue equipment Protect rescue personnel during rescueoperations Emergency medical technicians should give firstaid if needed. The fall prevention plan must include provisionsfor quick rescue.83DISCLAIMER AND COPYRIGHTINFORMATION This material was produced under grant # SH-31201–SH7 from theOccupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department ofLabor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U. S.Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercialproducts, or organizations imply endorsement by the U. S. Government.The U.S. Government does not warrant or assume any legal liability orresponsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of anyinformation, apparatus, product, or process disclosed. This material is the copyrighted property of Florida InternationalUniversity. By federal regulation, OSHA reserves a license to use anddisseminate such material for the purpose of promoting safety and healthin the workplace. Florida International University hereby authorizesemployers and workplace safety and health professionals to use thismaterial, distributed by or through OSHA, in their workplaces or practicesin accordance with the guidance contained in the material. To this end, permission is granted to use such copyrighted material solelyfor non-commercial, instructional, personal, or scholarly purposes. Thematerial may be used and incorporated into other workplace safety andhealth programs on the condition that no fee may be charged for thesubsequent use of the material. Use of the material for any other purpose,particularly commercial use, without the prior, express written permissionof the copyright owner/s is prohibited. Furthermore, any modification tothe material is prohibited without the prior, express written permission ofthe copyright owners.8527
Fall protection required when working at 4 feet above lower level Construction Industry: Fall protection required when working at 6 feet above lower level Employer’s operations will completely or mostly fall under one of the sectors listed and will follow their regulations. OSHA REGULATIONS ON FALL PROTECTION
OSHA Directorate of Training and Education 04.2010 OSHA Training Institute Introduction to OSHA STUDENT HANDOUT PACKET #1. Weekly Fatality/Catastrophe Report #2. OSHA Poster #3. MSDS Example #4. Your Rights as a Whistleblower Fact Sheet #5. Refusing to Work Because Conditions are Dangerous #6. OSHA 300 Log example #7. Employers Must Provide and .
30-Hour OSHA Training – General Industry Course Topics Introduction to OSHA o Importance of OSHA o Worker Rights Under OSHA o Employer Responsibilities o OSHA Standards o OSHA Inspections o Where to Go for Help OSHA Inspection Procedures o Posting of Notice & Inspec
Nov 01, 2019 · OSHA 1-hour Lesson Directorate of Training and Education OSHA Training Institute Lesson Overview Purpose: To provide workers with introductory information about OSHA Topics: 1. Why is OSHA important to you? 2. What rights do you have under OSHA? 3. What responsibilities does your employer have under OSHA? 4. What do the OSHA standards say? 5.
Standards for General Industry OSHA 501: Trainer Course in OSHA Standards for General Industry OR OSHA 503: Update for General Industry Outreach Trainers OSHA 2015: Hazardous Materials OSHA 2045: Machinery and Machine Guarding Standards OSHA 2264: Permit-Required Confined Space entry OSHA 3095: Electrical Standards
23081 inspection requirements 23078 crane inspection checklist 1 23079 crane inspeciton checklist 2 23080 wirerope / hook inspection osha 1910.180 reference 23269 osha 1910.180, pg. 1 23270 osha 1910.180, pg. 2 23271 osha 1910.180, pg. 3 23272 osha 1910.180, pg. 4 23273 osha 1910.180, pg. 5 23274 osha 1910.180, pg. 6 23275 osha 1910.180, pg. 7
Standards for General Industry OSHA 501: Trainer Course in OSHA Standards for General Industry OR OSHA 503: Update for General Industry Outreach Trainers OSHA 2015: Hazardous Materials OSHA 2045: Machinery and Machine Guarding Standards OSHA 2264: Permit-Required Confined Space entry OSHA 3095: Electrical Standards
letter with the OSHA Area Office nearest you within 30 days of the alleged discrimination. In states with approved state plans, employees may file a complaint with both the State and Federal OSHA. To file a complaint, call 1-800-321-OSHA [6742] or contact the nearest OSHA regional, area, state plan, or consultation office listed at www.osha.gov.
accounting and bookkeeping principles, practices, concepts and methods featured in the unit and there was good evidence of preparation and practice with regard to structure, format and presentation of accounting data and information among the sound financial statements, double-entry bookkeeping and cash budgets submitted. That said, this is not a unit solely of numbers or arithmetic and there .
