UNIVERSITY OF DAYTON ROADMAP TO THE MCAT:
UNIVERSITY OF DAYTONROADMAP TO THE MCAT:TRACKING MCAT CONTENTIN YOURNATURAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE COURSESUNIVERSITY OF DAYTON OFFICE OF PREMEDICAL PROGRAMS
University of DaytonMCAT MappingIntroduction:One of the main criteria for selection of students to medical school is their performance on theMedical College Admission Test (MCAT). In 2015, the MCAT will change significantly, for thefirst time since 1991. The modifications reflect changes in both healthcare and an ever-evolvingbody of medical knowledge. MCAT 2015 will include a new section focusing on thepsychological, social and biological foundations of behavior. The exam will test ways theseareas influence various factors such as perception, reactions, and behavior as well aspsychological, social and cultural differences that influence well-being. The MCAT also includesa “critical analysis and reasoning skills” section, which will test students’ ability to analyze,evaluate and apply information. Finally, two natural science sections will test concepts typicallytaught in introductory biology, general and organic chemistry, biochemistry, and physics.Recently the American Association of Medical Colleges (AAMC) released two documents to helpinstitutions plan for these changes and develop course content, which reflect the identifiedcontent areas of the new MCAT. The Preview Guide for MCAT 2015 provides a blueprint for theexam in that it describes the exam’s content and format and discusses the exam’s conceptualframework. The “Course-Mapping Tool” provides the MCAT content and skills contained in anExcel spreadsheet so that specific topics and sub-topics can be identified as being covered ornot covered in specific courses.The Office of Premedical Programs has recently completed a course-mapping project in whichcontent areas from MCAT 2015 were identified as being covered in specific University of Daytoncourses. The following documents were developed as a result of this project involving facultyfrom the Departments of Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Psychology, and Anthropology, Sociologyand Social Work. These faculty were provided the MCAT course-mapping tool and were askedto identify within their courses where specific MCAT content are covered. The results of theseanalyses were compiled by the Office of Premedical Programs.Specifically, the following MCAT Sections were included in this course-mapping project: Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living SystemsChemical and Physical Foundations of Biological SystemsPsychological, Social, and Biological Foundations of BehaviorThe fourth section of the MCAT is titled Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills (CARS). It includespassages and questions to test the student’s ability to comprehend. Passages are excerptedfrom authentic materials found in a variety of books, journals and magazines, often from2
disciplines in the social sciences and humanities. The CARS section is NOT included in thiscourse mapping since it tests comprehension and not knowledge typically covered in a specificcourse.The first document titled “Course List with Associated Topics” (page 4) lists courses from thenatural and behavioral science departments along with identified MCAT content areas coveredin each of these classes. It is expected that this document will be helpful to students andfaculty. Students will be able to track and archive materials relevant to the MCAT as theycomplete these courses. They can also go back over course materials later and pull and archivethese portions of the courses. Clearly, these materials will later be helpful for students as theyorganize and plan their study schedule for the exam.Faculty may find it useful to use this document to identify areas of focus in their courses andidentify to students that these areas are typically included in the MCAT. Faculty often look forMCAT content areas to include in their exams as well.The second document is titled “Topic List with Associated Courses”(page 135). It provides acomprehensive listing of all of the content categories in the three identified sections of theMCAT. For each content category, specific courses are listed that include one or more topics orsub-topics in that content category. The degree to which a specific topic is covered in aparticular course will vary greatly and it is important that the reader look at the more detaileddescription of content in any given course in the main “Course Listing with Associated Topics”section.This compilation is not intended to be the sole resource for preparation for the MCAT. Insteadit is intended as a useful tool to assist in organizing and archiving MCAT related coursematerials and to help students begin their MCAT study as they are introduced to relevantmaterials, building a personal portfolio of these materials throughout their undergraduatestudies.3
Topic List with Associated CoursesThis document is a list of the main University of Dayton courses from thenatural and behavioral sciences that include content from the MCAT 2015Exam. For each identified course, there is a list of topics typically covered inthat course.Table of ContentsBIOLOGYCHEMISTRYPHYSICSPSYCHOLOGYSOCIOLOGY and ANTHROPOLOGYPage56896991284
BIOLOGYBIO 151 & BIO 151L. Amino Acids DescriptionConcepts of BiologyI: Cell and Molecular Absolute configuration at the positionBiology and Amino acids as dipolar ionsConcepts of Biology ClassificationsLaboratory: Cell and Acidic or basicMolecular Biology Hydrophobic or hydrophilic Reactions Sulfur linkage for cysteine and cysteine Peptide linkage: polypeptides and proteins HydrolysisProtein Structure Structure 1 structure of proteins 2 structure of proteins 3 structure of proteins; role of proline, cystine,hydrophobic bonding 4 structure of proteins Conformational stability Denaturing and folding Hydrophobic interactions Separation techniques ElectrophoresisNon-Enzymatic Protein Function Binding Immune system MotorsEnzyme Structure and Function Function of enzymes in catalyzing biological reaction Reduction of activation energy Substrates and enzyme specificity Induced-fit Model Mechanism of catalysis Cofactors Coenzyme Effects of local conditions on enzyme activityControl of Enzyme Activity Kinetics5
General (catalysis) Cooperativity Feedback regulation Inhibition – types Competitive Non-competitive Regulatory enzymes Allosteric enzymes Covalently-modified enzymes ZymogenNucleic Acid Structure and Function Description Nucleotides and nucleosides Sugar phosphate backbone Pyrimidine, purine residues Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): double helix, Watson–Crickmodel of DNA structure Base pairing specificity: A with T, G with C Function in transmission of genetic information DNA denaturation, reannealing, hybridizationDNA Replication Mechanism of replication: separation of strands, specificcoupling of free nucleic acids Semi-conservative nature of replication Specific enzymes involved in replication Origins of replication, multiple origins in eukaryotes Replicating the ends of DNA moleculesRepair of DNA Repair during replication Repair of mutationsGenetic Code Central Dogma: DNA RNA protein The triplet code Codon-anticodon relationship Degenerate code, wobble pairing Missense, nonsense codons Initiation, termination codons Messenger RNA (mRNA)Transcription Transfer RNA (tRNA); ribosomal RNA (rRNA)6
Mechanism of transcription mRNA processing in eukaryotes, introns, exons Ribozymes, spliceosomes, small nuclear ribonucleoproteins(snRNPs), small nuclear RNA(snRNAs) Functional and evolutionary importance of intronsTranslation Roles of mRNA, tRNA, rRNA Role and structure of ribosomes Initiation, termination co-factors Post-translational modification of proteinsEukaryotic Chromosome Organization Chromosomal proteins Single copy vs. repetitive DNA Supercoiling Heterochromatin vs. euchromatin Telomeres, centromeresControl of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes Operon Concept, Jacob-Monod Model Gene repression in bacteria Positive control in bacteriaControl of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes Transcriptional regulation DNA binding proteins, transcription factors Gene amplification and duplication Post-transcriptional control, basic concept of splicing(introns, exons) Cancer as a failure of normal cellular controls, oncogenes,tumor suppressor genes Regulation of chromatin structure DNA methylation Role of non-coding RNAsRecombinant DNA and Biotechnology Gene cloning Restriction enzymes DNA libraries Generation of cDNA Hybridization Expressing cloned genes Polymerase Chain Reaction7
Gel Electrophoresis and Southern BlottingDNA sequencingAnalyzing gene expressionDetermining gene functionStem cellsPractical applications of DNA technology: medicalapplications, human gene therapy,pharmaceuticals, forensic evidence, environmental cleanup,agriculture Safety and ethics of DNA technologyEvidence that DNA is Genetic MaterialMendelian Concepts Phenotype and genotype Gene Locus Allele: single and multiple Homozygosity and heterozygosity Wild-type Recessiveness Complete dominance Co-dominance Incomplete dominance Hybridization: viability Gene poolMeiosis and Other Factors Affecting Genetic Variability Significance of meiosis Important differences between meiosis and mitosis Segregation of genes Independent assortment Linkage Recombination Single crossovers Double crossovers Synaptonemal complex Tetrad Sex-linked characteristics Very few genes on Y chromosome Sex determination Cytoplasmic/extranuclear inheritance Mutation 8
General concept of mutation — error in DNAsequence Types of mutations: random, translation error,transcription error, base substitution,inversion, addition, deletion, translocation, mispairing Advantageous vs. deleterious mutation Inborn errors of metabolism Relationship of mutagens to carcinogens Genetic drift Synapsis or crossing-over mechanism for increasing geneticdiversityAnalytic Methods Test cross Gene mapping: crossover frequenciesPrinciples of Bioenergetics Bioenergetics/thermodynamics Free energy/Keq Equilibrium constant Relationship of the equilibrium constant andΔG Concentration Endothermic/exothermic reactions Free energy: G Spontaneous reactions and ΔG Phosphoryl group transfers and ATP ATP hydrolysis ΔG 0 ATP group transfers Biological oxidation-reduction Half-reactions Soluble electron carriers FlavoproteinsCarbohydrates Description Nomenclature and classification, common names Absolute configuration Cyclic structure and conformations of hexoses Epimers and anomers Hydrolysis of the glycoside linkage Monosaccharides9
Disaccharides PolysaccharidesGlycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway Glycolysis (aerobic), substrates and products Feeder pathways: glycogen, starch metabolism Fermentation (anaerobic glycolysis) Gluconeogenesis Net molecular and energetic results of respiration processesPrinciples of Metabolic Regulation Regulation of metabolic pathways Maintenance of a dynamic steady state Regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis Metabolism of glycogen Regulation of glycogen synthesis and breakdown Allosteric and hormonal control Analysis of metabolic controlCitric Acid Cycle Acetyl-CoA production Reactions of the cycle, substrates and products Regulation of the cycle Net molecular and energetic results of respiration processesMetabolism of Fatty Acids and Proteins Description of fatty acids Oxidation of fatty acids Saturated fats Unsaturated fats Ketone bodies Anabolism of fatsOxidative Phosphorylation Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation,substrates and products, general features of the pathway Electron transfer in mitochondria NADH, NADPH Flavoproteins Cytochromes ATP synthase, chemiosmotic coupling Proton motive force Net molecular and energetic results of respiration processes Regulation of oxidative phosphorylation10
Mitochondria, apoptosis, oxidative stressHormonal Regulation and Integration of Metabolism Higher level integration of hormone structure and function Tissue specific metabolism Hormonal regulation of fuel metabolism Obesity and regulation of body massPlasma Membrane General function in cell containment Composition of membranes Lipid components Phospholipids (and phosphatids) Steroids Waxes Protein components Fluid mosaic model Membrane dynamics Solute transport across membranes Thermodynamic considerations Osmosis Colligative properties, osmotic pressure Passive transport Active transport Sodium/potassium pump Membrane channels Membrane potential Membrane receptors Exocytosis and endocytosis Intercellular junctions Gap junctions Tight junctions DesmosomesMembrane-Bound Organelles and Defining Characteristics ofEukaryotic Cells Defining characteristics of eukaryotic cells: membrane boundnucleus, presence of organelles, mitotic division Nucleus Compartmentalization, storage of genetic information Nucleolus: location and function11
Nuclear envelope, nuclear pores Mitochondria Site of ATP production Inner and outer membrane structure Self-replication Lysosomes: membrane-bound vesicles containing hydrolyticenzymes Endoplasmic reticulum Rough and smooth components Rough endoplasmic reticulum site of ribosomes Double membrane structure Role in membrane biosynthesis Role in biosynthesis of secreted proteins Golgi apparatus: general structure and role in packaging andsecretion Peroxisomes: organelles that collect peroxidesCytoskeleton General function in cell support and movement Microfilaments: composition and role in cleavage andcontractility Microtubules: composition and role in support and transport Intermediate filaments, role in support Composition and function of cilia and flagella Centrioles, microtubule organizing centersTissues Formed From Eukaryotic Cells Epithelial cells Connective tissue cellsCell Theory History and development Impact on biologyClassification and Structure of Prokaryotic Cells Prokaryotic domains Archaea Bacteria Major classifications of bacteria by shape Bacilli (rod-shaped) Spirilli (spiral shaped) Cocci (spherical) Lack of nuclear membrane and mitotic apparatus12
Lack of typical eukaryotic organelles Presence of cell wall in bacteria Flagellar propulsion, mechanismGrowth and Physiology of Prokaryotic Cells Reproduction by fission High degree of genetic adaptability, acquisition of antibioticresistance Exponential growth Existence of anaerobic and aerobic variants Parasitic and symbiotic ChemotaxisGenetics of Prokaryotic Cells Existence of plasmids, extragenomic DNA Transformation: incorporation into bacterial genome of DNAfragments from external medium Conjugation Transposons (also present in eukaryotic cells)Virus Structure General structural characteristics (nucleic acid and protein,enveloped and nonenveloped) Lack organelles and nucleus Structural aspects of typical bacteriophage Genomic content--RNA or DNA Size relative to bacteria and eukaryotic cellsViral Life Cycle Self-replicating biological units that must reproduce withinspecific host cell Generalized phage and animal virus life cycles Attachment to host, penetration of cell membrane orcell wall, and entry of viral genetic material Use of host synthetic mechanism to replicate viralcomponents Self-assembly and release of new viral particles Transduction: transfer of genetic material by viruses Retrovirus life cycle: integration into host DNA, reversetranscriptase, HIV Prions and viroids: subviral particlesMitosis Mitotic process: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase,13
interphase Mitotic structures Centrioles, asters, spindles Chromatids, centromeres, kinetochores Nuclear membrane breakdown and reorganization Mechanisms of chromosome movement Phases of cell cycle: G0, G1, S, G2, M Growth arrest Control of cell cycle Loss of cell cycle controls in cancer cellsBiosignalling ApoptosisBiosignalling Gated ion channels Voltage gated Ligand gated Receptor enzymes G protein-coupled receptorsLipids Description; structure SteroidsNucleotides and Nucleic Acids Nucleotides and nucleosides: composition Sugar phosphate backbone Pyrimidine, purine residues Deoxyribonucleic acid: DNA, double helix Chemistry Other functionsEnzymes Classification by reaction type Mechanism Substrates and enzyme specificity Induced-fit model Cofactors, coenzymes and vitamins Kinetics General (catalysis) Cooperativity Effects of local conditions on enzyme activity Inhibition14
Regulatory enzymes Allosteric Covalently modified15
BIO152 & BIO 152L. Mendelian Concepts Phenotype and genotypeConcepts of BiologyII: Evolution and GeneEcology & Concepts Locusof Biology Allele: single and multipleLaboratory II: Homozygosity and heterozygosityEvolution and Wild-typeEcology Recessiveness Complete dominance Co-dominance Incomplete dominance, leakage, penetrance, expressivity Hybridization: viability Gene poolMeiosis and Other Factors Affecting Genetic Variability Significance of meiosis Important differences between meiosis and mitosis Segregation of genes Independent assortment Linkage Recombination Single crossovers Double crossovers Synaptonemal complex Tetrad Sex-linked characteristics Very few genes on Y chromosome Sex determination Cytoplasmic/extranuclear inheritance Mutation General concept of mutation — error in DNAsequence Types of mutations: random, translation error,transcription error, base substitution,inversion, addition, deletion, translocation, mispairing Advantageous vs. deleterious mutation Inborn errors of metabolism Relationship of mutagens to carcinogens Genetic drift Synapsis or crossing-over mechanism for increasing genetic16
diversityAnalytic Methods Hardy–Weinberg Principle Test cross Gene mapping: crossover frequencies Biometry: statistical methodsEvolution Natural selection Fitness concept Selection by differential reproduction Concepts of natural and group selection Evolutionary success as increase in percentrepresentation in the gene pool of the next generation Speciation Polymorphism Adaptation and specialization Inbreeding Outbreeding Bottlenecks Evolutionary time as measured by gradual random changesin genomeReproductive System Gametogenesis by meiosis Ovum and sperm Differences in formation Differences in morphology Relative contribution to next generation Reproductive sequence: fertilization, implantation,development, birthEmbryogenesis Stages of early development (order and general features ofeach) Fertilization Cleavage Blastula formation Gastrulation First cell movements Formation of primary germ layers (endoderm,17
mesoderm, ectoderm) Neurulation Major structures arising out of primary germ layers Neural crest Environment–gene interaction in developmentMechanisms of Development Cell specialization Determination Differentiation Tissue types Cell–cell communication in development Cell migration Pluripotency: stem cells Gene regulation in development Programmed cell death Existence of regenerative capacity in various species Senescence and agingNervous System: Structure and Function (BIO 152) Major Functions High level control and integration of body systems Adaptive capability to external influences Organization of vertebrate nervous system Sensor and effector neurons Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems:antagonistic control Reflexes Feedback loop, reflex arc Role of spinal cord and supraspinal circuits Integration with endocrine system: feedback controlEndocrine System: Hormones and Their Sources Function of endocrine system: specific chemical control atcell, tissue, and organ level Definitions of endocrine gland, hormone Major endocrine glands: names, locations, products Major types of hormones Neuroendrocrinology ― relation between neurons andhormonal systemsEndocrine System: Mechanisms of Hormone Action Cellular mechanisms of hormone action18
Transport of hormones: blood supply Specificity of hormones: target tissue Integration with nervous system: feedback control regulationby second messengersRespiratory System General function Gas exchange, thermoregulation Protection against disease: particulate matter Structure of lungs and alveoli Breathing mechanisms Diaphragm, rib cage, differential pressure Resiliency and surface tension effects Thermoregulation: nasal and tracheal capillary beds;evaporation, panting Particulate filtration: nasal hairs, mucus/cilia system in lungs Alveolar gas exchange Diffusion, differential partial pressure Henry’s Law pH control Regulation by nervous control CO2 sensitivityCirculatory System Functions: circulation of oxygen, nutrients, hormones, ionsand fluids, removal of metabolicwaste Role in thermoregulation Four-chambered heart: structure and function Endothelial cells Systolic and diastolic pressure Pulmonary and systemic circulation Arterial and venous systems (arteries, arterioles, venules,veins) Structural and functional differences Pressure and flow characteristics Capillary beds Mechanisms of gas and solute exchange Mechanism of heat exchange Source of peripheral resistance Composition of blood19
Plasma, chemicals, blood cells Erythrocyte production and destruction; spleen, bonemarrow Regulation of plasma volume Coagulation, clotting mechanisms Oxygen transport by blood Hemoglobin, hematocrit Oxygen content Oxygen affinity Oxygen transport by blood; modification of oxygenaffinity Carbon dioxide transport and level in blood Nervous and endocrine controlLymphatic System Structure of lymphatic system Major functions Equalization of fluid distribution Transport of proteins and large glycerides Production of lymphocytes involved in immunereactions Return of materials to the blood20
BIO 301. EvolutionMendelian Concepts Phenotype and genotype Gene Locus Allele: single and multiple Homozygosity and heterozygosity Wild-type Recessiveness Complete dominance Co-dominance Incomplete dominance, leakage, penetrance, expressivity Hybridization: viability Gene pool21
BIO 312 & BIO 312L. Amino Acids DescriptionGeneral Genetics &Genetics Laboratory Absolute configuration at the position Amino acids as dipolar ions Classifications Acidic or basic Hydrophobic or hydrophilic Reactions Sulfur linkage for cysteine and cysteine Peptide linkage: polypeptides and proteins HydrolysisProtein Structure Structure 1 structure of proteins 2 structure of proteins 3 structure of proteins; role of proline, cystine,hydrophobic bonding 4 structure of proteins Conformational stability Denaturing and folding Hydrophobic interactions Solvation layer (entropy) Separation techniques Isoelectric point ElectrophoresisNon-Enzymatic Protein Function Binding Immune system MotorsNucleic Acid Structure and Function Description Nucleotides and nucleosides Sugar phosphate backbone Pyrimidine, purine residues Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): double helix, Watson–Crickmodel of DNA structure Base pairing specificity: A with T, G with C Function in transmission of genetic information DNA denaturation, reannealing, hybridizationDNA Replication22
Mechanism of replication: separation of strands, specificcoupling of free nucleic acids Semi-conservative nature of replication Specific enzymes involved in replication Origins of replication, multiple origins in eukaryotes Replicating the ends of DNA moleculesRepair of DNA Repair during replication Repair of mutationsGenetic Code Central Dogma: DNA RNA protein The triplet code Codon-anticodon relationship Degenerate code, wobble pairing Missense, nonsense codons Initiation, termination codons Messenger RNA (mRNA)Transcription Transfer RNA (tRNA); ribosomal RNA (rRNA) Mechanism of transcription mRNA processing in eukaryotes, introns, exons Ribozymes, spliceosomes, small nuclear ribonucleoproteins(snRNPs), small nuclear RNA(snRNAs) Functional and evolutionary importance of intronsTranslation Roles of mRNA, tRNA, rRNA Role and structure of ribosomes Initiation, termination co-factors Post-translational modification of proteinsEukaryotic Chromosome Organization Chromosomal proteins Single copy vs. repetitive DNA Supercoiling Heterochromatin vs. euchromatin Telomeres, centromeresControl of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes Operon Concept, Jacob-Monod Model Gene repression in bacteria Positive control in bacteria23
Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes Transcriptional regulation DNA binding proteins, transcription factors Gene amplification and duplication Post-transcriptional control, basic concept of splicing(introns, exons) Cancer as a failure of normal cellular controls, oncogenes,tumor suppressor genes Regulation of chromatin structure DNA methylation Role of non-coding RNAsRecombinant DNA and Biotechnology Gene cloning Restriction enzymes DNA libraries Generation of cDNA Hybridization Expressing cloned genes Polymerase Chain Reaction Gel Electrophoresis and Southern Blotting DNA sequencing Analyzing gene expression Determining gene function Stem cells Practical applications of DNA technology: medicalapplications, human gene therapy,pharmaceuticals, forensic evidence, environmental cleanup,agriculture Safety and ethics of DNA technologyEvidence that DNA is Genetic MaterialMendelian Concepts Phenotype and genotype Gene Locus Allele: single and multiple Homozygosity and heterozygosity Wild-type Recessiveness Complete dominance Co-dominance24
Incomplete dominance, leakage, penetrance, expressivity Hybridization: viability Gene poolMeiosis and Other Factors Affecting Genetic Variability Significance of meiosis Important differences between meiosis and mitosis Segregation of genes Independent assortment Linkage Recombination Single crossovers Double crossovers Synaptonemal complex Tetrad Sex-linked characteristics Very few genes on Y chromosome Sex determination Cytoplasmic/extranuclear inheritance Mutation General concept of mutation — error in DNAsequence Types of mutations: random, translation error,transcription error, base substitution,inversion, addition, deletion, translocation, mispairing Advantageous vs. deleterious mutation Inborn errors of metabolism Relationship of mutagens to carcinogens Genetic drift Synapsis or crossing-over mechanism for increasing geneticdiversityAnalytic Methods Hardy–Weinberg Principle Test cross Gene mapping: crossover frequencies Biometry: statistical methodsEvolution Natural selection Fitness concept Selection by differential reproduction25
Concepts of natural and group selection Evolutionary success as increase in percentrepresentation in the gene pool of the next generation Speciation Polymorphism Adaptation and specialization Inbreeding Outbreeding Bottlenecks Evolutionary time as measured by gradual random changesin genomeGenetics of Prokaryotic Cells (BIO 312L) Existence of plasmids, extragenomic DNA Transformation: incorporation into bacterial genome of DNAfragments from external medium Conjugation Transposons (also present in eukaryotic cells)Mitosis Mitotic process: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase,interphase Mitotic structures Centrioles, asters, spindles Chromatids, centromeres, kinetochores Nuclear membrane breakdown and reorganization Mechanisms of chromosome movement Phases of cell cycle: G0, G1, S, G2, M Growth arrest Control of cell cycle Loss of cell cycle controls in cancer cellsBiosignalling Gated ion channels Voltage gated Ligand gated Receptor enzymes G protein-coupled receptorsNucleotides and Nucleic Acids Nucleotides and nucleosides: composition Sugar phosphate backbone26
Pyrimidine, purine residues Deoxyribonucleic acid: DNA, double helix Chemistry Other functionsEnzymes Classification by reaction type Mechanism Substrates and enzyme specificity Active site model Induced-fit model Cofactors, coenzymes and vitamins Kinetics General (catalysis) Michaelis-Menten Cooperativity Effects of local conditions on enzyme activity Inhibition Regulatory enzymes Allosteric Covalently modified27
BIO 403 & BIO 403L. Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Metabolism Higher level integration of hormone structure and functionPhysiology I &Physiology Tissue specific metabolismLaboratory I Hormonal regulation of fuel metabolism Obesity and regulation of body massPlasma Membrane General function in cell containment Composition of membranes Lipid components Phospholipids (and phosphatids) Steroids Waxes Protein components Fluid mosaic model Membrane dynamics Solute transport across membranes Thermodynamic considerations Osmosis Colligative properties, osmotic pressure Passive transport Active transport Sodium/potassium pump Membrane channels Membrane potential Membrane receptors Exocytosis and endocytosis Intercellular junctions Gap junctions Tight junctions Desmosomes Nerve Cell Cell body: site of nucleus, organelles Dendrites: branched extensions of cell body Axon: structure and function Myelin sheath, Schwann cells, insulation of axon Nodes of Ranvier: propagation of nerve impulse along axon Synapse: site of impulse propagation between cells Synaptic activity: transmitter molecules28
Resting potential: electrochemical gradient Action potential Threshold, all-or-none Sodium/potassium pump Excitatory and inhibitory nerve fibers: summation, frequencyof firing Glial cells, neurogliaElectrochemistry Concentration cell: direction of electron flow, NernstequationEndocrine System: Hormones and Their Sources Function of endocrine system: specific chemical contr
Medical College Admission Test (MCAT). In 2015, the MCAT will change significantly, for the first time since 1991. The modifications reflect changes in both healthcare and an ever-evolving body of medical knowledge. MCAT 2015 will include a new section focusing on the psyc
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The Dayton Foundation transfers Hawthorn Hill to Dayton History istory has come full circle - in 65 years - now that Dayton History owns Hawthorn Hill, the Wright Brothers' home in Oakwood, thanks to The Dayton Foundation and The Wright Family Foundation. Full circle indeed. After all, Dayton History, Montgomery County's official historical
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Dayton was the home of Orville and Wilbur Wright; brothers who made the first successful flight in a powered aircraft and because of several of their inventions, Dayton continues to have strong ties to aerospace and aviation. Dayton is located in the Southwestern region of Ohio, fifty miles north of Cincinnati and sixty miles west of Columbus.
Counseling Art Center on the Ohio's Hospice of Dayton campus. Pathways of Hope serves all friends and family of any Ohio's Hospice of Dayton patient, as well as the community, free of charge, thanks to the support of the community through the Hospice of Dayton Foundation. Please call (937) 258-4991 to arrange for a time to meet so we
